Gatha | Sentence Translation | Sentence Structure |
Vocabulary&Grammar | Commentary | Pronunciation |
A disciple will investigate the earth and this Yama's
world with its deities.
A disciple will understand this well taught Dharma-verse,
as a skilful person picks flowers.
sekho pathavij
vicessati yama+lokaj ca
imaj sadevakaj
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N.m.
N.f. V.act. N.m.
N.m. conj. Pron.m. Adj.m.
Nom.Sg. Acc.Sg. 3.Sg.fut.
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Acc.Sg. Acc.Sg.
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List of Abbreviations
sekho dhamma+padaj sudesitaj
kusalo puppham iva pacessati
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N.m. N.m.
N.n. Adj.n. N.m.
N.n. part. V.act.
Nom.Sg. | Acc.Sg.
Acc.Sg. Nom.Sg. Acc.Sg. |
3.Sg.fut.
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sekho: sekha-, N.m.: disciple, pupil, student, a Buddhist disciple. Nom.Sg. = sekho.
pathavij: pathavi-, N.f.: earth. Acc.Sg. = pathavij.
vicessati: will investigate. The verb is vicinati (to investigate, to examine), the root ci- (to collect, to accumulate) with the prefix vi- ("detail"). 3.Sg.act.fut = vicessati.
yamalokaj: yamaloka-,
N.m.: Yama's world. A compound of:
yama-, N.m.: Yama, the ruler
of the underworld, the king of death.
loka-, N.m.; world.
Acc.Sg. = yamalokaj.
List of Abbreviations
ca, conj.: and.
imaj: idaj-, Pron.: this. Acc.Sg.m. = imaj.
sadevakaj: sadevaka-,
Adj.: with the gods. The word deva-, N.m.: god, deity, with the
prefix sa- (with, together) and suffix -ka- (the suffix for
forming adjectives).
Acc.Sg.m. = sadevakaj.
sekho: see above.
List of Abbreviations
dhammapadaj: dhammapada-,
N.n.: verse on Dharma, a portion of the Dharma.
A compound of:
dhamma-, N.m.: Buddha's Teaching.
The Law. Derived from the verb dha-, to hold.
Thus dhamma "holds the world together".
pada-, N.n.: portion, verse.
Acc.Sg. = dhammapadaj.
sudesitaj: sudesita-, Adj.: well taught. The word desita-, Adj.: taught (a p.p. of the verb root dis-, to teach) with the prefix su- (well, good). Acc.Sg.n. = sudesitaj.
List of Abbreviations
kusalo: kusala-, Adj.: skilful. As a N.m.: a skilful man. Nom.Sg. = kusalo.
puppham: puppha-, N.n.: flower. Acc.Sg. = puppham.
iva, part.: like, as (another, more often used form of this word is va).
pacessati: will understand, will know, will realize. The verb is pacinati, to understand, to realize; but its different meaning is to gather, to collect, to pick. Both meanings are used here: understand and realize the world and the verses and pick the flowers. The verb root ci- (to collect, to accumulate) with the strengthening prefix pa-. 3.Sg.act.fut. = pacessati.
List of Abbreviations
The two lines of this verse form two
syntactically separated sentences.
In the first one, the subject is the
noun sekho (disciple, nominative singular). The verb is vicessati
(will investigate, 3rd person, singular, active, future tense).
There are two paratactic objects: pathavij
(earth, accusative singular) and yamalokaj
(Yama's world, accusative singular) with two attributes, imaj
(as above) and sadevakaj (with the
gods, accusative singular). These two objects are connected by the conjunction
ca (and).
In the second sentence, the subjects
is again the noun sekho (as above). The verb is pacessati ("will
understand" and "will pick", 3rd person, singular, active, future
tense). The object is the noun dhammapadaj
(verse on the Dharma, accusative singular) with one attribute, the adjective
sudesitaj (well taught, accusative
singular). There is a parenthetic clause, kusalo puppham iva (like
a skilful [one] flowers). Here the noun-adjective kusalo (skilful
[one], nominative singular) is the subject. The object is the noun puppham
(flower, accusative singular). The verb is not in the clause itself, implying
the verb pacessati from the main sentence. The particle iva
(as, like) connects the clause to the sentence.
The story for this verse is the same
as for the previous one (DhP 44).
The disciple of the Buddha is able
to investigate this world. By understanding and realizing the Dharma we
can also fully understand the whole world with all its beings, because
the Dharma is after all concerned just with this world, its conditions
and our position in this world. So, just as a skilful garland-maker can
pick flowers easily, we, as Buddha's followers, can investigate the Dharma
and with it the whole world.
Word pronunciation:
sekho
pathavij
vicessati
yamalokaj
ca
imaj
sadevakaj
dhammapadaj
sudesitaj
kusalo
puppham
iva
pacessati