Gatha | Sentence Translation | Sentence Structure |
Vocabulary&Grammar | Commentary | Pronunciation |
By conscientiousness did Indra become the chief amongst
the gods.
Conscientiousness is praised, negligence is always censured.
a+ppamadena maghava
devanaj setthataj
gato
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neg. N.m.
N.m. N.m.
N.n. Adj.m.
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Nom.Sg. Gen.Pl. Acc.Sg. Nom.Sg.
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List of Abbreviations
a+ppamadaj
pasajsanti pamado
garahito sada
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neg. N.m. V.act.in.
N.m. Adj.m. Adv.
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Nom.Sg. Nom.Sg. |
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appamadena: appamada-, N.m.: conscientiousness, non-negligence. A negated (by the negative prefix a-) word pamada-, N.m.: negligence. Doubled p is due to the euphonic combination (a + pamada = appamada). Ins.Sg. = appamadena.
maghava: maghavan-, N.m.: another name of the Vedic god Indra. Nom.Sg. = maghava.
devanaj: deva-, N.m.: god, deity. Gen.Pl. = devanaj.
setthataj: setthata-, N.n.: a foremost place, "best-ness". An abstract of the word settha-, Adj.: best. Acc.Sg. = setthataj.
gato: gata-, Adj.: gone. It is a p.p. of the verb gam- (to go). Nom.Sg.m. = gato.
List of Abbreviations
appamadaj: appamada-, N.m. See above. Acc.Sg. = appamadaj.
pasajsanti, V.: to praise, to commend. The verb sajs- (to proclaim, to point out) with the strenghtening prefix pa-. 3.Pl.act.in.pres. = pasajsanti.
pamado: pamada-, N.m.: negligence. Nom.Sg. = pamado.
garahito: garahita-, Adj.: blamed, censured. It is a p.p. of the verb garah- (to censure, to blame, to scold). Nom.Sg.m. = garahito.
sada, Adv.: always.
List of Abbreviations
This gatha consists of three grammatically separated sentences. They are:
1) appamadena maghava devanaj setthataj gato (by conscientiousness did Indra become the chief amongst the gods). Here the subject is the word maghava (Indra, nominative singular). The past participle gato (gone) serves as a verb in this sentence. It has an attribute, the word appamadena (by conscientiousness, instrumental singular). The object is setthataj (to the foremost place, accusative singular) with its attribute devanaj (of the gods, genitive plural).
2) appamadaj pasajsanti (they praise conscientiousness). The subject is omitted, the personal pronoun "they" is supposed here. The verb is pasajsanti (praise, 3rd person, plural, active, indicative, present tense). The object is appamadaj (conscientiousness, accusative singular).
3) pamado garahito sada (negligence is always censured). The subject here is the word pamado (negligence, nominative singular). The verb is the past participle garahito (blamed, censured, nominative singular). It has an attribute, the adverb sada (always).
A young prince named Mahali
from the Licchavi state came to see the Buddha. He wanted to hear some
teachings, so the Buddha told him the Sakkapabha
Sutta (The Sutta of Sakka's questions). Mahali
wondered how was it possible, that the Buddha knew so much about Sakka,
the king of the gods. Has the Buddha ever met Sakka?
The Buddha confirmed that he indeed
has seen Sakka and further told Mahali the
story of Sakka's previous existence.
He was a man named Magha. He was very
righteous and did a lot of charitable work, building roads and rest houses
with his friends. He took seven obligations: to support his parents, to
respect elders, to be gentle of speech, to avoid backbiting, to be generous
and not avaricious, to speak the truth and to restrain himself from loosing
temper. He was always mindful and kept all of them. Thus in his next existence
he became Sakka, the king of gods.
Word pronunciation:
appamadena
maghava
devanaj
setthataj
gato
appamadaj
pasajsanti
pamado
garahito
sada