Gatha | Sentence Translation | Sentence Structure |
Vocabulary&Grammar | Commentary | Pronunciation |
Who is not rid of defilement, and will wear a yellow robe,
Devoid of restraint and truth, he does not deserve a
yellow robe.
a + ni
+ kkasavo
kasavaj
yo vatthaj
paridahissati
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neg. Pref.
N.m. N.n.
rel.pron.m. N.n. V.act.fut.
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| Nom.Sg.
Acc.Sg. Nom.Sg.
Acc.Sg. 3.Sg.
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apeto dama+saccena
na so
kasavaj
arahati
List of Abbreviations
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Adj.m. N.n. N.n.
neg. Pron.m. N.n. V.act.pres.
Nom.Sg. | Ins.Sg.
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3.Sg.in.
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II._____|
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I.___|
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anikkasavo:
anikkasava-, Adj.: not without defilement.
nikkasava-,
Adj.: without defilement:
kasava-,
N.m.: defilement, with the prefix ni- (without).
The whole word is negated by the negative prefix a-.
Nom.Sg.m. = anikkasavo.
kasavaj:
kasava-,
Adj.: yellow. As an attribute of vattha (see below) denoting the
yellow robes of Buddhist monks. Sometimes (as in the second line of this
verse and the following verse) can be used without the word vattha.
Acc.Sg.n. = kasavaj.
yo: yad-, Rel.Pron.n., that which. Nom.Sg.m. = yo.
List of Abbreviations
vatthaj: vattha-, N.n.: dress, garment. Acc.Sg. = vatthaj.
paridahissati: the verb dha- (to put, to place) with the prefix pari- (around). 3.Sg.fut.act. = paridahissati.
apeto: apeta-, Adj.: gone away, freed of, deprived of. It is p.p. of the verb i- (to go) with the verb apa- (away). Nom.Sg.m. = apeto.
damasaccena: damasacca-, N.n.: restraint
and truth. A compound of:
dama-, N.n.: restraint, self-control.
sacca-, N.n.: truth.
Ins.Sg. of the compound = damasaccena.
List of Abbreviations
na, neg.: not.
so: tad-, Pron.n.: it. Nom.Sg.m. = so.
kasavaj: kasava-, Adj.: see above.
arahati: the verb arah-, to deserve. 3.Sg.pres.act.in.
= arahati.
List of Abbreviations
There are two related sentences in
this verse. One is: anikkasavo
kasavaj
yo vatthaj paridahissati apeto damasaccena
and one is: na so kasavaj
arahati.
The syntax in the first sentence is
rather atypical, although of course, in poetry the rules of syntax are
not strictly followed. It should rather be: yo anikkasavo
apeto damasaccena kasavaj
vatthaj paridahissati.
The subject is yo (one, who),
which is in nominative singular. The verb paridahissati (will wear)
is in 3rd person, singular, future, active voice. The subject
has two attributes. First is anikkasavo
(not rid of defilement), it agrees with the subject and is in nominative
singular. Second one is apeto damasaccena (devoid of restraint and
truth). Here apeto (devoid) is in nominative singular and damasaccena
("by" restraint and truth) is in instrumental singular, since it is actually
an attribute to apeto.
Second sentence is na so kasavaj
arahati. Again, we would rather expect a bit different syntax, like:
so kasavaj
na arahati, but the deviation from "proper" syntax is not that big.
The subject here is so (he) which is in nominative singular. The
verb arahati (deserves, 3rd person, singular, active
voice, indicative, present tense) is negated by the negative na
(not). The word kasavaj
is the object of this sentence, it is in accusative singular.
This verse as well as the following
one (DhP 10) talks about who is and who is not worthy to wear a monk's
robe. One, who did not get rid of defilement (anikkasavo),
who is full of these impurities, who does not know self-control and restraint
(dama) and who is far away (apeto) from truth (sacca),
does not deserve to wear a yellow robe. Such a person can not call himself
a monk, even if he should be dressed in the monk's robe.
As defilement (kasava)
are usually understood so called three roots of evil: lobha (greed),
dosa (hatred) and moha (delusion).
Word pronunciation:
anikkasavo
kasavaj
yo
vatthaj
paridahissati
apeto
damasaccena
na
so
arahati