Gatha | Sentence Translation | Sentence Structure |
Vocabulary&Grammar | Commentary | Pronunciation |
The community of disciples of the Blessed One has well
followed [the teaching].
The community of disciples of the Blessed One has followed
the straight [path].
The community of disciples of the Blessed One has followed
the methodical [path].
The community of disciples of the Blessed One has followed
the correct [conduct in life].
Namely [there are] the four pairs of people, eight human
characters.
This is the community of disciples of the Blessed One.
It is worthy of offerings, worthy of hospitality, worthy
of gifts, worthy of salutation.
It is the unsurpassed field of merit for the world.
su+patipanno bhagavato savaka+savgho
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pref. Adj.m. N.m.
N.m. N.m.
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uju+patipanno bhagavato savaka+savgho
List of Abbreviations
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Adj. Adj.m.
N.m. N.m. N.m.
| Nom.Sg. Gen.Sg.
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baya+patipanno
bhagavato savaka+savgho
List of Abbreviations
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N.m. Adj.m.
N.m. N.m. N.m.
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Gen.Sg. | Nom.Sg.
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samici+patipanno
bhagavato savaka+savgho
List of Abbreviations
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Adj. Adj.m.
N.m. N.m. N.m.
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Nom.Sg. Gen.Sg.
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yadidaj cattari
purisa+yugani attha
purisa+puggala
List of Abbreviations
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Adv. Num.n. N.m.
N.n. Num.n. N.m.
N.m.
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Nom. | Nom.Pl.
Nom. |
Nom.Pl.
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esa bhagavato
savaka+savgho
List of Abbreviations
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Pron.
N.m. N.m. N.m.
Nom.Sg. Gen.Sg.
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ahuneyyo pahuneyyo
dakkhineyyo abjali+karaniyo
List of Abbreviations
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Adj.m. Adj.m.
Adj.m. N.m. Adj.m.
Nom.Sg. Nom.Sg. Nom.Sg.
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an+uttaraj pubba+kkhettaj
lokassa ti
List of Abbreviations
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neg. Adj.n. N.n.
N.n. N.m. part.
| Nom.Sg. |
Nom.Sg. Gen.Sg. |
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supatipanno:
supatipanna-, Adj.: have well followed.
The word patipanna (followed) is a
p.p. of the verb pad- (to go) with the prefix pati-
(towards). The prefix su- means "well".
Nom.Sg.m. of the compound = supatipanno.
bhagavato: bhagavant-, N.m.: Blessed One
(epithet of the Buddha, possessive form of the word bhaga-, N.m.:
good fortune, happiness, prosperity. Bhaga- is derived from the
verb root bhaj-, to share. Thus bhagavant means literally
"having good fortune").
Gen.Sg. = bhagavato: Of the Blessed One.
savakasavgho:
savakasavgha-,
N.m.: community of the disciples. A compound of:
savaka-,
N.m.: disciple. Derived form the verb su- (to listen, to hear).
savgha-,
N.m.: community. The community of the Buddha's followers. It is of two
kinds: the savgha
of lay followers and the savgha of monks and
nuns.
Nom.Sg. of the compound = savakasavgho.
List of Abbreviations
ujupatipanno:
ujupatipanna-, Adj.: have followed
the straight [path]. A compound of:
uju-, Adj.: straight.
patipanna-,
Adj.: see above.
Nom.Sg.m. of the compound = ujupatipanno.
bayapatipanno:
bayapatipanna-,
Adj.: have followed the method. A compound of:
baya-,
N.m.: method, way, logic.
patipanna-,
Adj.: see above.
Nom.Sg.m. of the compound = bayapatipanno.
samicipatipanno:
samicipatipanna-,
Adj.: correct in life.
samici-,
Adj.: proper, right.
patipanna-,
Adj.: see above.
Nom.Sg.m. = samicipatipanno.
List of Abbreviations
yadidaj, Adv.: that
is, which is, as follows. A compound of:
yad-, Rel.Pron.n.: that, which.
idaj,
Pron.n.: that.
cattari: catur-, Num.: four. Nom.n.: cattari.
purisayugani:
purisayuga-, N.n.: pair of people. A compound of:
purisa-, N.m.: man, person.
yuga-, N.n.: pair, couple.
Nom.Pl. = purisayugani.
attha: attha-, Num.: eight. Nom.n.: attha.
List of Abbreviations
purisapuggala: purisapuggala-,
N.m.: human character. A compound of:
purisa-, N.m.: person, man.
puggala-, N.m.: person, character.
Nom.Pl. = purisapuggala.
esa: etad-, Pron.: this. Nom.Sg.m. = eso (or sometimes, as here, esa).
bhagavato: see above.
savakasavgho: savakasavgha-, N.m.: see above.
ahuneyyo: ahuneyya-, Adj.: worthy of offerings. A ger. of the verb hu- (to offer, to sacrifice) with the prefix a- (towards). Nom.Sg.m. = ahuneyyo.
List of Abbreviations
pahuneyyo:
pahuneyya-, Adj.: worthy of hospitality.
A ger. of the verb hu- (to ofer, to sacrifice) with the prefixes
pa- (strengthening) and a- (towards).
The related noun pahuna-, N.m.: guest.
Nom.Sg.m. = pahunneyyo.
dakkhineyyo:
dakkhineyya-, Adj.: worthy of gifts.
A ger. of a verb dakkhinati (to give
gifts). This verb is derived from the word dakkhina-,
N.f.: gift, fee, donation.
Nom.Sg.m. = dakkhineyyo.
abjalikaraniyo:
abjalikaraniya-,
Adj.: worthy of salutation. A compound of:
abjali-,
N.m.: reverence, salutation (denoting the palms of hands placed side
by side and raised to the head).
karaniya-,
Adj.: should be done. A ger. of the verb kar- (to do).
Nom.Sg.m. = abjalikaraniyo.
List of Abbreviations
anuttaraj: anuttara-,
Adj.: highest. Literally: "to which there is no higher". It is composed
of the word uttara- (uttara-, Adj.: higher) which is preceded by
the negative prefix an-.
Nom.Sg.n. = anuttaraj.
pubbakkhettaj:
pubbakhetta-, N.n.: the field for [obtaining]
merit. It is a compound of:
pubba-,
N.n.: merit, meritorious action.
khetta-, N.n.: field, site,
place.
Nom.Sg. = pubbakhettaj.
lokassa: loka-, N.m.: world. Gen.Sg. = lokassa.
ti, part.: (sometimes written as iti) usually
a particle, symbolizing the end of direct speech (in English that is expressed
by quotation marks). The form that we see in the text (lokassa
'ti) is thanks to the euphonic combination (lokassa + iti or
ti = lokassa 'ti).
List of Abbreviations
From syntactical point of view, this gatha actually consists of several isolated sentences. First four of them are:
1) supatipanno bhagavato
savakasavgho
(The community of disciples of the Blessed One has well followed [the teaching]),
2) ujupatipanno bhagavato
savakasavgho
(The community of disciples of the Blessed One has followed the straight
[path]),
3) bayapatipanno
bhagavato savakasavgho
(The community of disciples of the Blessed One has followed the methodical
[path]),
4) samicipatipanno
bhagavato savakasavgho
(The community of disciples of the Blessed One has followed the correct
[conduct in life]),
As their structure is identical, we
will deal with them at the same time. The subject is savakasavgho
(The community of disciples). It is in nominative singular. The verb is
omitted (the verb to be is implied). The subject has two attributes: bhagavato
(of the Blessed One, genitive singular) is the main attribute and four
different secondary attributes are attached to this phrase. They are supatipanno,
supatipanno, bayapatipanno
and samicipatipanno
respectively. They are in nominative singular.
Next sentence is yadidaj
cattari purisayugani
attha purisapuggala.
The sentence is introduced by the compound adverb yadidaj
(namely). There are two subjects: purisayugani
(four pairs of people, nominative plural) and purisapuggala
(eight human characters, nominative plural). They both have a numeral cattari
(four) and attha (eight) as attributes
respectively.
Sixth sentence is esa bhagavato
savakasavgho.
The subject here is esa (this, nominative singular). It has as a
predicate the word savakasavgho
(The community of disciples, nominative singular), which has the word bhagavato
(of the Blessed One, genitive singular) as an attribute.
Next is a collection of four attributes
- ahuneyyo (worthy of offerings), pahuneyyo
(worthy of hospitality), dakkhineyyo
(worthy of gifts) and abjalikaraniyo
(worthy of salutation) - without a subject or a verb. They can be seen
as attributes to the word savakasavgho
(The community of disciples) from the previous sentence. They agree with
it (they are in nominative singular).
Last sentence is anuttaraj
pubbakkhettaj
lokassa. Here the subject is again the word savakasavgho
(The community of disciples) from the sixth sentence. The verb to be is
omitted. The predicate is pubbakkhettaj
(field of merit), in nominative singular. It has an attribute anuttaraj
(highest), which agrees with it in case, gender and number. The word lokassa
(of the world) then constitutes an attribute to this predicate. It is in
genitive singular.
The particle
ti marks the end of the list of attributes.
Word pronunciation:
supatipanno
bhagavato
savakasavgho
ujupatipanno
bayapatipanno
samicipatipanno
yadidaj
cattari
purisayugani
attha
purisapuggala
esa
ahuneyyo
pahuneyyo
dakkhineyyo
abjalikaraniyo
anuttaraj
pubbakkhettaj
lokassa
ti