List of Abbreviations
na taj
mata pita
kayira abbe va
pi ca bataka
sammapanihitaj
cittaj seyyaso naj
tato kare
(DhP 43)
Sentence
Translation:
What a
mother, father or even other relatives can not do,
a well
directed mind can do even far better than that.
Sentence
Structure:
List of Abbreviations
na
taj mata
pita kayira
abbe
va pi
ca bataka
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neg.
Pron.n. N.f. N.m.
V.act. Adj.m. conj. conj. conj. N.m.
|
Acc.Sg. Nom.Sg. Nom.Sg. 3.Sg.opt. Nom.Pl.
| | | Nom.Pl.
|
| | | | |
|____|____| |
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| | | |
|________|____________|
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| |________|_______|____________|
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|_______|_______________________|
|_____________|
|___| |
|________________________________________|
List of Abbreviations
samma+panihitaj
cittaj seyyaso naj
tato kare
|
| | | |
| |
Adv.
Adj.n. N.n. Adv.
Pron.m. Adv. V.act.
|
Nom.Sg. Nom.Sg. | Acc.Sg.
| 3.Sg.opt.
|__________|
| |______|______| |
|_____________| | |_____________|
| |_________|
|____________________|
_____________________|
Vocabulary
and Grammar:
List of Abbreviations
na,
neg.: not.
taj:
tad, Pron.: that. Acc.Sg.n.: taj.
mata:
matar, N.f.: mother. Nom.Sg. = mata.
pita:
pitar. N.m.: father. Nom.Sg. = pita.
kayira,
V.: would do. The verb root kar- (to do). 3.Sg.act.opt. = kayira.
List of Abbreviations
abbe:
abba-, Adj.: other. Nom.Pl.m.: abbe.
va,
conj.: or.
pi,
conj.: also.
ca,
conj.: and.
bataka:
bataka-, N.m.: relative. Nom.Pl. =
bataka.
List of Abbreviations
sammapanihitaj:
sammapanihita-,
Adj: well directed. A compound of:
samma, Adv.: well.
panihita-, Adj.: directed,
applied. It is a p.p. of the verb dha-
(to put) with prefixes
pa- (strengthening) and ni-
(down).
Nom.Sg.
= sammapanihitaj.
cittaj:
citta-, N.n.: mind. Acc.Sg. = cittaj.
seyyaso,
Adv: still better.
List of Abbreviations
naj:
ena-, Pron.: he. Acc.Sg. = enaj
or naj.
tato, Adv.: than that.
kare, V.: would do.
The verb root kar- (to do). 3.Sg.act.opt. = kare. Note, that
for 3.Sg.act.opt. both kayira
(see above) and kare are possible.
List of Abbreviations
The two lines form two sentences. In the first one, the subject is triple:
mata
(mother), pita (father) and bataka
(relatives). They are all in nominative singular, except for the last one
(bataka),
which is in nominative plural. This word has an attribute, the adjective
abbe (others, nominative plural). The
verb is kayira (can do, 3rd person,
singular, active, optative), negated by the negative particle na
(not). The object is the pronoun taj
(that, accusative singular). The three conjunctions (va,
or; pi, also; ca, and) connect the subjects together, but
mainly they serve metrical purposes.
In the second sentence, the subject is the word cittaj
(mind, nominative singular). It has an attribute, the compound sammapanihitaj
(well directed, nominative singular). The verb is kare (can do,
3rd person, singular, active, optative) with an attribute, the adverb seyyaso
(even better). The object is naj (him,
accusative singular). The adverb tato (than that) connects this
sentence to the first one.
Commentary:
In the city of Soreyya, there once lived
a son of rich man. His name was also Soreyya. Once he was going with friend
in a luxurious carriage to take a bath. They saw
Mahakaccayana
Thera adjusting his robe before he entered Soreyya to get his alms food.
Soreyya said: "I wish the monk was my wife, or my wife had a complexion
like he has!" With that he changed to a woman. He was ashamed and ran away
and began to travel to the city of Taxila. His friend was looking for him
everywhere, but did not find any trace.
Soreyya (now woman) offered her ring
to some people, going to Taxila, and they took her with them in a carriage.
When they got there, the people told one young rich man about the beautiful
girl who came with them to the city. The man married her. She gave birth
to two sons, but also had two sons from the previous marriage as a man.
Once a merchant from Soreyya came
to Taxila to do some business. She sent for him, because she recognized
an old friend in him. But of course, he did not know who she was. She asked
many questions about her old family and other friends. The man related
to her the story about the disappeared man. She revealed her identity and
told him all what happened. The man advised her to ask pardon from the
Thera.
Mahakaccayana
was invited to her house and she offered him alms food. The lady explained
what happened and asked for pardon. The Thera said: "Get up, I forgive
you." With that she became a man again.
But he kept thinking how during a
single life his body could undergo two changes of sex and have children
both as a man and as a woman. He felt these things were very repulsive
and decided to leave the lay life.
People often asked him if he loved
more the two sons he had as a man or the two sons he had as a woman. He
always answered that the sons whom he (as a woman) personally delivered
were closer to him. People asked him this question so often that he became
ashamed and annoyed. He stayed by himself, diligently meditating on the
decay of the body. Soon he attained arahantship. When people again asked
him the same question, he said he had no affection for any one in particular.
Others thought he does not speak the
truth, so they asked the Buddha about it. But he told them that Soreyya
does not lie. Now he is an arahant, his well directed mind brought him
a well being which neither the father nor the mother could bestow on him.
Sentence pronunciation:
Sentence
pronunciation
Word pronunciation:
sammapanihitaj
samma
panihitaj
cittaj
seyyaso
naj
tato
kare