Gatha | Sentence Translation | Sentence Structure |
Vocabulary&Grammar | Commentary | Pronunciation |
Those, who can restrain the mind, which is going far,
wandering alone, bodiless
and living in the cave, those will be freed from the
bond of Mara.
durav+gamaj
eka+caraj a+sariraj
guha+sayaj
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Adv. Adj.n. Adj. Adj.n.
neg. Adj.n. N.f. Adj.n.
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List of Abbreviations
ye
cittaj sajyamissanti
mokkhanti mara+bandhana
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Rel.Pron. N.n.
V.act. V.pas.
N.m. N.n.
Nom.Pl. Acc.Sg. 3.Pl.fut.
3.Pl.fut. |
Abl.Sg.
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duravgamaj:
duravgama-,
Adj.: going far. A compound of:
duraj,
Adv.: far. Derived from dura-, Adj.:
far, distant. The change of final -j
to -v
is due to the euphonic combination.
-gama-, Adj.suf.: going. Derived
from the verb gam- (to go).
Acc.Sg.n. = duravgamaj.
ekacaraj: ekacara-,
Adj.: wandering alone. A compound of:
eka-, Num.: one. Here as an
adj.: alone, solitary.
-cara-, Adj.suf.: wandering.
Derived from the verb car- (to walk, to roam).
Acc.Sg.n. = ekacaraj.
List of Abbreviations
asariraj: asarira-, Adj.: bodiless. The word sarira-, N.n.: body, negated by the negative prefix a-, thus becomes an adjective. Acc.Sg.n. = asariraj.
guhasayaj:
guhasaya-, Adj.: living in a cave.
A compound of:
guha-,
N.f.: cave, cavern. Derived from the verb guh- (to hide).
asaya-,
N.m.: abode, living place, shelter. Derived from the verb si- (to
lie) with
the prefix a-
(to, on).
Acc.Sg.n. = guhasayaj.
ye: yad-, Rel.Pron.: those, who. Nom.Pl.m. = ye.
cittaj: citta-, N.n.: mind. Acc.Sg. = cittaj.
List of Abbreviations
sajyamissanti, V.: will restrain. The verb yam- (to restrain) with the prefix saj- (together). 3.Pl.act.fut. = sajyamissanti.
mokkhanti, V.: will be released. The verb root
muc- (to be freed).
3.Pl.pas.fut. = mokkhanti.
marabandhana:
marabandhana-, N.n: the bond of Mara.
A compound of:
mara-,
N.m.: Mara, the Evil One, Death.
bandhana-, N.n,: bond, fetter.
Derived from the verb bandh- (to bind, to fasten).
Abl.Sg. = marabandhana.
List of Abbreviations
This verse contains two sentences.
First is duravgamaj
ekacaraj asariraj
guhasayaj ye
cittaj sajyamissanti
(Those, who can restrain the mind, which is going far, wandering alone,
bodiless and living in the cave). Here, the subject is the relative pronoun
ye (those, who; nominative plural). The verb is sajyamissanti
(will restrain, 3rd person, plural, active, future tense). The
object is the word cittaj (mind, accusative
singular) with its four attributes. They are: 1) duravgamaj
(going far), 2) ekacaraj (wandering
alone), 3) asariraj
(bodiless), 4) guhasayaj
(living in the cave). They all have to agree with the object and are therefore
in accusative singular.
The rest of the verse forms the second
sentence: mokkhanti marabandhana
([they] will be freed from the bond of Mara). The subject is missing here,
we have to supply a personal pronoun te (they, nominative plural),
that should form the second part of the paradigm relative pronoun - personal
pronoun (ye - te). The verb is mokkhanti (will be
freed, 3rd person, plural, passive, future tense). The object
is marabandhana
(from the bond of Mara, ablative singular).
Savgharakkhita
Thera was from the city of Savatthi. His sister
gave birth to a son. People called him "The nephew Savgharakkhita".
He also became a monk.
Once he was offered two sets of robes.
He wanted to give one set to his uncle. So at the end of the retreat he
went to see him, but his uncle did not want a robe, saying he had enough.
The young man felt bad, thinking the uncle does not want to share with
him. So he decided to leave the Order.
His mind began to wander and a train
of thoughts appeared. When he became a layman he would sell his robes and
buy a goat. The goat would breed quickly and soon he would have enough
money to marry. His wife would give birth to a son. He would take his wife
and son in a cart to see the uncle. On the way he would say he could carry
the child. She would tell him to drive that she could carry the baby. But
he will insist and grab the child. The child would fall down and the wheel
would pass over him. He would get furious and hit his wife with the goading
stick.
At that time he was fanning the Thera
and absentmindedly hit him with the fan. His uncle said: "You were unable
to beat your wife, why hit an old monk?" The young man was embarrassed
and frightened of his uncle, so he fled. The monks chased him and took
him to see the Buddha. He told him the verse and said that the mind has
ability to think of objects far away and that one should strive for liberation.
The young monk attained the first stage of awakenment.
Word pronunciation:
duravgamaj
durav
gamaj
ekacaraj
eka
caraj
asariraj
guhasayaj
guha
asayaj
ye
cittaj
sajyamissanti
mokkhanti
marabandhana
mara
bandhana