Gatha | Sentence Translation | Sentence Structure |
Vocabulary&Grammar | Commentary | Pronunciation |
If a wanderer should not find a companion better or similar
to oneself,
then he should resolutely wander alone. There is no companionship
with a fool.
caraj
ce na adhigaccheyya seyyaj
sadisam attano
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Adj.m. part. neg. V.act.
Adj.m. Adj.m. N.m.
Nom.Sg. | |
3.Sg.opt. Acc.Sg. Acc.Sg. Gen.Sg.
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List of Abbreviations
eka+cariyaj dalhaj
kayira na
atthi bale
sahayata
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Num. N.f. Adj.f.
V.act. neg. V.act.in. N.m.
N.f.
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3.Sg.opt. | 3.Sg.pres. Loc.Sg. Nom.Sg.
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caraj: carant-, Adj.: wanderer, wandering monk. It is an a.pr.p. of the verb root car- (to move, to wander about). Nom.Sg. = caraj.
ce, part.: if.
na, neg.: not.
adhigaccheyya, V.: to find, to acquire. The verb
root is gam- (to go) with the prefix adhi- (towards). 3.Sg.act.opt.
= adhigaccheyya.
Euphonic combination: na + adhigaccheyya
= nadhigaccheyya.
seyyaj: seyya-, Adj.: better. Acc.Sg.m. = seyyaj.
List of Abbreviations
sadisam: sadisa-, Adj.: similar, like, equal. Acc.Sg.m. = sadisam.
attano: attan-, N.m.: self, oneself. Here it is used rather as a reflexive pronoun. Gen.Sg. = attano.
ekacariyaj: ekacariya-,
N.f.: solitude, wandering alone. It is a compound of:
eka-, Num.: one.
cariya-,
N.f.: wandering. It is derived from the verb car- (to move, to wander
about).
Acc.Sg. = ekacariyaj.
dalhaj: dalha-, Adj.: strong, resolute, firm. Acc.Sg.f. = dalhaj.
List of Abbreviations
kayira, V.: should do. The verb root is kar- (to do). 3.Sg.act.opt. = kayira.
na: see above.
atthi, V.: is. The verb root is as- (to
be). 3.Sg.act.in.pres. = atthi.
Euphonic combination: na + atthi = n'atthi.
bale: bala-, Adj.: childish, young. As an N.m.: "like a child:, fool, ignorant person. Loc.Sg. = bale.
sahayata: sahayata-, N.f.: companionship. It is an abstract from the noun sahaya-, N.m.: companion, friend. Nom.Sg. = sahayata.
List of Abbreviations
There are two sentences in this verse:
1) caraj
ce nadhigaccheyya seyyaj
sadisam attano ekacariyaj dalhaj
kayira (if a wanderer should not find
a companion better or similar to oneself, then he should resolutely wander
alone). This sentence can be further divided into two sentences.
a) First is caraj
ce nadhigaccheyya seyyaj
sadisam attano (if a wanderer should not find a companion better or
similar to oneself). The subject of this sentence is the active present
participle caraj (wanderer, nominative
singular). The verb is adhigaccheyya (should find, 3rd
person, singular, active, optative) negated by the negative particle na
(not). There are two objects, seyyaj
(better, accusative singular) and sadisam (similar, accusative singular)
which share the same attribute, the noun/reflexive pronoun attano
(one self's, genitive singular). The particle ce (if) connects the
sentence to the following one.
b) The second sentence is ekacariyaj
dalhaj kayira
(he should resolutely wander alone). Here, the subject is omitted; the
active present participle caraj from
the first sentence is implied. The verb is kayira
(should do, 3rd person, singular, active, optative) with the
adjective dalhaj
(strong, accusative singular) as an attribute. The object of this sentence
is the noun ekacariyaj (wandering alone,
accusative singular).
2) n'atthi bale
sahayata
(there is no companionship with a fool). The subject of this sentence is
the noun sahayata
(companionship, nominative singular). The noun is atthi (is, 3rd
person, singular, active, indicative, present tense) negated by the negative
particle na (not). The object is the word bale
(with the fool, in the fool, locative singular).
Venerable Mahakassapa
was once staying near Rajagaha. At that time
he had two novices with him. One of them was very good, diligent, respectful
and obedient whereas the other one was lazy, disrespectful and naughty.
When Kassapa admonished the bad novice,
he became angry. One day he went to the village to get some food and lied
that Kassapa was sick. So the people gave him very good food for Venerable
Kassapa. But the novice ate all himself and came back to Kassapa empty-handed.
He was admonished once again, but instead of repenting he became even angrier.
The next day when Kassapa left for
his alms-round, the young novice broke all things and set fire to the monastery.
When the Buddha heard about this he
spoke this verse, remarking that it would be better for Kassapa to live
alone than to associate himself with such a fool.
Word pronunciation:
caraj
ce
na
adhigaccheyya
seyyaj
sadisam
attano
ekacariyaj
eka
cariyaj
dalhaj
kayira
n'atthi
atthi
bale
sahayata