Gatha | Sentence Translation | Sentence Structure |
Vocabulary&Grammar | Commentary | Pronunciation |
That deed is not well done, which one regrets when it
is accomplished,
whose consequences one faces with a tearful face and
crying.
na taj
kammaj kataj
sadhu yaj
katva anutappati
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neg. Pron.n. N.n.
Adj.n. Adv. Rel.Pron.n. V.ger. V.pas.in.
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List of Abbreviations
yassa
assu+mukho rodaj
vipakaj
patisevati
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Rel.Pron.n. N.n. Adj.m. Adj.m.
N.m. V.act.in.
Gen.Sg.
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na, neg.: not.
taj: tat-, Pron.: that. Nom.Sg.n.: taj.
kammaj: kamma-,
N.n.: deed, action. Derived from the verb kar- (to do).
Nom.Sg. = kammaj.
kataj-, kata-, Adj.: done. P.p. of the verb kar- (to do). Nom.Sg.n. = kataj.
sadhu, Adv.: good, well.
yaj: yat-, Rel.Pron.: that, which. Nom.Sg.n.: yaj.
List of Abbreviations
katva, V.ger.: having done. The verb root is kar- (to do).
anutappati, V.: to regret, to feel remorse. Pass. of tap- (to be hot, to burn) with the prefix anu- (following, after). 3.Sg.pas.in.pres. = anutappati.
yassa: yat-, Rel.Pron.: that, which. Gen.Sg.n. = yassa.
assumukho: assumukha-, Adj.: having a tearful
face. It is a compound of:
assu-, N.n.: tear.
mukha-, N.n.: face, mouth.
Nom.Sg.m. = assumukho.
List of Abbreviations
rodaj: rodant-, Adj.: crying, lamenting. It is an a.pr.p. of the verb root rud- (to cry, to lament). Nom.Sg.m. = rodaj.
vipakaj: vipaka-, N.m.: result, effect, consequence. Acc.Sg. = vipakaj.
patisevati, V.: to pursue, to follow. The verb root is sev- (to serve, to associate with) with the prefix pati- (after, with). 3.Sg.act.in.pres. = patisevati.
List of Abbreviations
This verse consists of one main sentence
and two subordinate clauses.
The main sentence is na taj
kammaj kataj
sadhu (that deed is not well done). The
subject of this sentence is the noun kammaj
(deed, nominative singular) with its attribute, the personal pronoun
taj (that, nominative singular). The
past participle kataj (done, nominative
singular), which is negated by the negative particle na (not), serves
as the verb. It has an attribute, the adverb sadhu
(well).
The first subordinate clause is yaj
katva anutappati (which one regrets when
it is accomplished). Here, the subject is the relative pronoun yaj
(that which, nominative singular). It also connects the clause to the main
sentence. The verbal phrase katva anutappati
(having done - regrets) serves as the verb here. The word katva
(having done) is in the gerundive, the verb anutappati (regrets)
is in the 3rd person, singular, passive, indicative, present
tense.
The second subordinate clause is yassa
assumukho rodaj vipakaj
patisevati (whose consequences one faces
with a tearful face and crying). The subject is missing; any personal pronoun
can be implied. This missing subject has two attributes, the adjective
assumukho (with a tearful face, nominative singular) and the active
present participle rodaj (crying, nominative
singular). The verb is patisevati (follows,
faces, 3rd person, singular, active, indicative, present tense).
The object is the word vipakaj
(consequence, accusative singular). The relative pronoun yassa (whose,
genitive singular) points to the subject of the main sentence (kammaj)
and it connects this clause to the main sentence.
Some thieves were once dividing the
stolen goods amongst themselves in the field. But accidentally, they left
one bag of money behind.
Then a farmer from a nearby village
started to plough that very field. The Buddha accompanied by Venerable
Ananda went by and the Buddha said: "Ananda,
look at that poisonous snake!" To which Ananda
replied: "Yes, Venerable Sir, it indeed is a very poisonous snake." The
farmer was very curious so he went to investigate. He found the bag with
money and took it with him.
Then the people who were robbed came
to that place, followed the footprints of the farmer and found their money.
They took the farmer to the king who ordered him executed. But on the way
to the cemetery the poor man was constantly repeating the Buddha and Ananda's
words. The executioners were surprised, so they took him back to see the
king. The king then brought the farmer to the presence of the Buddha. After
hearing what happened that morning, the king set the farmer free and remarked
that if the farmer were not able to call the Buddha as his witness, he
would have been killed.
To that the Buddha replied with this
verse, saying that a wise man should not do anything he could regret later.
Word pronunciation:
na
taj
kammaj
kataj
sadhu
yaj
katva
anutappati
yassa
assumukho
assu
mukho
rodaj
vipakaj
patisevati