Gatha | Sentence Translation | Sentence Structure |
Vocabulary&Grammar | Commentary | Pronunciation |
Conscientiousness is the state of deathlessness. Negligence
is the state of death.
The conscientious ones do not die. Those, who are negligent,
are as if dead.
a+ppamado
a+mata+padaj pamado
maccuno padaj
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neg. N.m. neg. N.n. N.n.
N.m. N.m.
N.n.
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Nom.Sg.
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List of Abbreviations
a+ppamatta
na miyanti
ye pamatta
yatha
mata
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neg. Adj.m. neg. V.med.in. Rel.Pron.
Adj.m. Rel.Adv. Adj.m.
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3.Pl.pres. Nom.Pl. Nom.Pl.
| Nom.Pl.
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appamado: appamada-, N.m.: conscientiousness, non-negligence. A negated (by the negative prefix a-) word pamada-, N.m.: negligence. Doubled p is due to the euphonic combination (a + pamada = appamada). Nom.Sg. = appamado.
amatapadaj: amatapada-,
N.n.: state of deathlessness. A compound of:
amata-, N.n.: deathlessness.
A negated (by the negative prefix a-) word mata-, Adj.: dead.
A p.p. of mar- (to die).
pada-, N.n.: state, place.
Nom.Sg. = amatapadaj.
pamado: pamada-, N.m.: negligence. Nom.Sg. = pamado.
List of Abbreviations
maccuno: maccu-, N.m.: death. Gen.Sg. = maccuno.
padaj: pada-, N.n.: state, place. Nom.Sg. = padaj.
appamatta: appamatta-,
Adj.: conscientious, non-negligent. A negated (by the negative prefix
a-) word pamatta-, Adj.: negligent. It is a p.p. of the verb
mad- (to be intoxicated) with the strengthening prefix pa-
(thus pamajjati = to be careless, to neglect).
Doubled p is due to the euphonic combination (a
+ pamatta = appamatta).
Nom.Pl. = appamatta.
List of Abbreviations
na, neg.: not.
miyanti, V.: die. The verb mar- (to die). 3.pl.in.med.pres. = miyanti.
ye: yat-, Rel.Pron.: those, who. Nom.Pl.m. = ye.
pamatta: pamatta-,
Adj.: negligent. It is a p.p. of the verb mad- (to be intoxicated)
with the strengthening prefix pa- (thus pamajjati = to be careless,
to neglect).
Nom.Pl. = pamatta.
yatha, Rel.Adv.: as if, like.
mata: mata-, Adj.: dead. A p.p. of the verb mar- (to die). Nom.Pl.m. = mata.
List of Abbreviations
This verse consists of four practically
separated sentences. First of them is appamado
amatapadaj (conscientiousness is the state
of deathlessness). The subject is the word appamado
(conscientiousness, nominative singular). The verb to be is omitted. The
object is the word amatapadaj (state
of deathlessness, nominative singular).
Second sentence is pamado
maccuno padaj (negligence is the state
of death). The subject is the word pamado
(negligence, nominative singular). Again, the verb to be is omitted.
The object is the word padaj (state,
nominative singular) with the attribute maccuno (death's, genitive
singular).
Third sentence is appamatta
na miyanti (the conscientious ones do
not die). Here the subject is appamatta
(the conscientious ones, nominative plural). The verb here is miyanti
(die, 3rd person, plural, medium, indicative, present tense)
and it is negated by the negative particle na (not).
Last sentence is ye pamatta
yatha mata
(those, who are negligent, are as if dead). This is actually a compound
sentence. The first half is ye pamatta (those,
who are negligent). The subject is ye (those, who, nominative plural).
The verb to be is omitted. The object is pamatta
(negligent, nominative plural). The second part is yatha
mata (as if dead). Here the subject should
be te (they) but it is omitted, as is the verb to be. The object
is the word mata (dead, nominative
plural). The relative adverb yatha (as,
like) connects the two halves of this sentence.
Conscientiousness is one of the most
important characteristics to be developed. Without it, we can not proceed
on our path towards awakenment. If we are negligent, how can we find energy
to purify our minds?
So, the conscientiousness is the path
to deathlessness. Only with it we can find our way to the final goal, Nirvana,
which is the deathless state. Negligence on the other hand is the way to
the repeated cycle of birth and death.
Conscientious people are able to reach
the Nirvana, thus escaping the cycle of rebirths, whereas those, who are
negligent, can not escape. They might as well be dead already.
Word pronunciation:
appamado
amatapadaj
pamado
maccuno
padaj
appamatta
na
miyanti
ye
pamatta
yatha
mata