Gatha | Sentence Translation | Sentence Structure |
Vocabulary&Grammar | Commentary | Pronunciation |
Even if he recites a little of scriptures, but lives in
truth according to the Dharma,
having abandoned lust, hatred and delusion, has the right
knowledge, with a well emancipated mind,
is not attached to anything, either in this world, nor
in the other one, he shares the [blessings of] monkshood.
appam pi ce
sajhitaj bhasamano
dhammassa hoti anu+dhamma+cari
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Adj.m. part. part. N.m.
Adj.m. N.m.
V.act.in. Pref. N.m. N.m.
Acc.Sg. |
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Gen.Sg. 3.Sg.pres. |_____|
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List of Abbreviations
ragab
ca dosab
ca pahaya mohaj
samma+ppajano
su+vimutta+citto
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N.m. conj. N.m. conj. V.ger.
N.m. Adv. N.m.
pref. Adj. N.m.
Acc.Sg. | Acc.Sg. |
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Nom.Sg. |_____| Nom.Sg.
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List of Abbreviations
an+upadiyano
idha va huraj
va sa
bhagava
samabbassa
hoti
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neg. Adj.m. Adv. conj. Adv. conj.
Pron.m. Adj.m. N.n.
V.act.in.
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Nom.Sg. Nom.Sg. Gen.Sg. 3.Sg.pres.
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appam: appa-, Adj.: little, few. Acc.Sg.m. = appam.
pi, part.: also, as well, even (often spelled api).
ce, part.: if.
sajhitaj: sajhita-, Adj.: connected, joined, settled. A p.p. of the verb dha- (put) with the prefix saj- (together). As a N.m. = the Buddhist texts. Acc.Sg. = sajhitaj.
bhasamano: bhasamana-, Adj.: speaking. It is a med.pr.p. of the verb bhas- (to speak). Nom.Sg.m. = bhasamano.
List of Abbreviations
dhammassa: dhamma-, N.m.: Buddha's Teaching. The Law. Derived from the verb dha-, to hold. Thus dhamma "holds the world together". Gen.Sg.: dhammassa.
hoti, V.: is. The verb bhu- (to be). 3.Sg.act.in.pres. = hoti.
anudhammacari:
anudhammacarin-, N.m.: living in truth.
A compound of:
anudhamma-, Adj.: according
to the Law, in truth. Can be further analyzed as:
anu-,
Prep.: according to, following.
dhamma-,
N.m.: Buddha's Teaching, The Law, truth.
carin-,
N.m.: living, acting. Derived by the suffix -in from the verb car-
(to walk, to act).
Nom.Sg. = anudhammacari.
ragab: raga-, N.m.: passion, lust. Derived from the verb raj- (to color). Acc.Sg. = ragaj. The form ragab is due to the euphonic combination (ragaj + ca = ragab ca).
List of Abbreviations
ca, conj.: and.
dosab: dosa-, N.m.: ill-will, hatred, anger. Acc.Sg. = dosaj. The form dosab is due to the euphonic combination (dosaj + ca = dosab ca).
pahaya, V.: Having abandoned or eliminated. A ger. of the verb ha- (to leave, to give up) with the strengthening prefix pa-.
mohaj: moha-, N.m.: delusion, bewilderment. Derived from the verb muh- (to get bevildered). Acc.Sg. = mohaj.
List of Abbreviations
sammappajano:
sammappajana-,
N.m.: having right knowledge. A compound of:
samma-,
Adv.: properly, rightly, as it should be, truly.
pajana-,
N.m.: knowledge, understanding. Derived from the verb ba-
(to know) with the strengthening prefix
pa-. More often seen as pajanana-,
N.f.
The duplication of the letter p is due to the
euphonic combination (samma + pajana
= sammappajana).
Nom.Sg. = sammappajano.
suvimuttacitto: suvimuttacitta-, N.m.: with
a well emancipated mind. A compound of:
su-, pref.: well.
vimutta-, Adj.: emancipated,
freed, released. A p.p. of the verb muc- (to release)
with the prefix vi- (meaning
separation).
citta-, N.n.: mind.
Nom.Sg. = suvimuttacitto.
List of Abbreviations
anupadiyano:
anupadiyana-,
Adj.: not clinging, not attached. A negated (by the negative prefix an-)
med.pr.p. of the verb upadiyati (to
cling, to be attached). This verb can be analyzed as the root da-
(to give) with the prefix a- (towards).
Thus adiyati means take up, seize,
grasp. Further, the prefix upa- (nearness, close touch) is also
added.
Nom.Sg.m. = anupadiyano.
idha, Adv.: here, in this world.
va, conj.: or.
huraj, Adv.: there, in the other world.
List of Abbreviations
sa: tad-, Pron.n.: it. Nom.Sg.m. = sa (the more usual form is so).
bhagava: bhagavant-, Adj.m.: partaking of, having a share. The word bhaga-, N.m.: share, with a possessive suffix vant-. Nom.Sg. = bhagava.
samabbassa: samabba-, N.n.: monkshood. An abstract from samana-, N.m.: monk, recluse. Gen.Sg. = samabbassa.
List of Abbreviations
The first segment of this sentence
is appam pi ce sajhitaj
bhasamano
(even if [he] recites a little of scriptures). The subject of this sentence
is omitted, implying a personal pronoun (which comes in the last clause).
The verb is bhasamano
(which is the medium present participle in nominative singular). The object
is the word sajhitaj
(scripture, accusative singular) with its attribute appam (a
little, accusative singular). There are two particles pi (even)
and ce (if).
The next segment is dhammassa hoti
anudhammacari
([he] lives in truth according to the Dharma). The subject here is again
an omitted personal pronoun. The verb is hoti (is, 3rd
person, singular, active, indicative, present tense). The object anudhammacari
(living in truth, nominative singular) has an attribute dhammassa
(of the Dharma, according to the Dharma, genitive singular).
Third segment is ragab
ca dosab ca pahaya
mohaj. Again, the subject (personal pronoun)
is omitted. As the verb serves the gerund pahaya.
There is a triple object ragab,
dosab, mohaj
(lust, hatred, delusion, respectively, all accusative singular). They are
connected by two conjunctions ca (and) in the common way of Pali
texts.
Next two segments are just attributes
to the main subject of the sentence, the personal pronoun sa (he)
in the last clause. They are sammappajano
(having the right knowledge, nominative singular) and suvimuttacitto
(with a well emancipated mind, nominative singular).
Next is the segment anupadiyano
idha va huraj
va (not attached to anything, either in
this world, nor in the other one). The subject is, as above the personal
pronoun coming in the final clause. The verb is anupadiyano
(not attached, active present participle, in nominative singular). The
object is double - idha (here) and huraj
(there), connected by two conjunctions va
(or) in the common way of Pali texts.
Last part is the sentence sa bhagava
samabbassa hoti
(he is a sharer of the monkshood). The subject is the pronoun sa (he, nominative
singular). The verb is hoti (is, 3rd person, singular,
active, indicative, present tense). The object is the word bhagava
(sharer, "shareholder", nominative singular) with its attribute samabbassa
(of monkshood, genitive singular).
So, who can be truly called a monk, who shares the blessings of monkshood? It must be a person, who is living in accordance with the Dharma, as proclaimed by the Buddha. He must abandon all three roots of evil (lust, hatred and delusion), must have the right knowledge of the Dharma and his mind must be liberated. He must not of course be attached to anything in this world, but neither to anything in his possible future rebirths. Such a person is sharing all the blessings of monkshood, even if he does not preach the Dharma a lot.
Word pronunciation:
appam
pi
ce
sajhitaj
bhasamano
dhammassa
hoti
anudhammacari
ragab
dosab
pahaya
mohaj
sammappajano
suvimuttacitto
anupadiyano
idha
va
huraj
sa
bhagava
samabbassa