Gatha | Sentence Translation | Sentence Structure |
Vocabulary&Grammar | Commentary | Pronunciation |
The stupid fools behave as if they themselves were their
enemies,
doing bad deeds, which have bitter fruit.
caranti bala
dummedha amitten' eva attana
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V.act.in. N.m.
Adj.m. Adj.m. part. N.m.
3.Pl.pres. Nom.Pl. Nom.Pl. Ins.Sg.
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List of Abbreviations
karonta papakaj
kammaj yaj
hoti katuka+pphalaj
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Adj.m. Adj.n.
N.n. Rel.Pron.n. V.act.in. Adj.
N.n.
Nom.Pl. Acc.Sg. Acc.Sg. Nom.Sg.
3.Sg.pres. | Nom.Sg.
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caranti, V.: behave, act. The verb root is car- (to behave, to act; the primary meaning is "to walk"). 3.Sg.act.in.pres. = caranti.
bala: bala-, Adj.: childish, young. As an N.m.: "like a child", fool, ignorant person. Nom.Pl. = bala.
dummedha: dummedha-, Adj.: stupid. Derived from the word medha-, N.f.: wisdom, intelligence, by adding the prefix du- (lacking something, away from). The double m is due to the euphonic combination (du + medha = dummedha). Nom.Pl.m. = dummedha.
amitten': amitta-, N.m.: enemy. It is the
word mitta-, N.m.: friend, negated by the negative prefix a-.
Ins.Sg. = amittena.
Euphonic combination: amittena + eva =
amitten'eva.
eva, part.: just, only.
List of Abbreviations
attana: attan-, N.m.: self. Ins.Sg. = attana.
karonta: karont-, Adj.: doing. It is an a.pr.p. of the verb root kar- (to do). Nom.Pl.m. = karonta.
papakaj: papaka-, Adj.: evil, bad. It is the word papa-, N.n.: evil, wrong doing with the adjective suffix -ka. Acc.Sg.n. = papakaj.
kammaj: kamma-,
N.n.: deed, action. Derived from the verb kar- (to do).
Acc.Sg. = kammaj.
List of Abbreviations
yaj: yat-, Rel.Pron.: that, which. Nom.Sg.n.: yaj.
hoti, V.: is. The verb bhu- (to be). 3.Sg.act.in.pres. = hoti.
katukapphalaj:
katukapphala-, Adj.: having bitter
fruit. It is a compound of:
katuka-,
Adj.: bitter, acid.
phala-, N.n.: fruit.
Euphonic combination: katuka-
+ phala- = katukapphala-.
Nom.Sg.n. = katukapphalaj.
List of Abbreviations
The subject of this sentence is the
noun bala
(fools, nominative plural). It has two attributes, the adjective dummedha
(stupid, nominative plural) and the active present participle karonta
(doing, nominative plural). This last word has itself an attribute, the
noun kammaj (deed, accusative singular)
and that in turn has the adjective papakaj
(bad, accusative singular) as an attribute. To this noun kammaj
there is a dependent clause, yaj hoti katukapphalaj
(which has bitter fruit). Here, the subject is the relative pronoun yaj
(that which, nominative singular). The object is the compound katukapphalaj
(having bitter fruit, nominative singular) and the verb is hoti
(is, 3rd person, singular, active, indicative, present tense).
In the main sentence, the verb is
caranti (behave, 3rd person, plural, active, indicative,
present tense). This verb has an attribute, the noun attana
(with oneself, instrumental singular). This noun has the noun amittena
(with enemy, instrumental singular), strengthened by the particle eva
(just), as an attribute.
There was a man named Suppabuddha.
In one of his previous existences he killed a courtesan and she vowed a
revenge on him. In yet another existence he spat on a holy man.
As a result of these actions he was
born as a leper. Once he listened to the Buddha's discourse. He very quickly
realized the Dharma and followed the Buddha to the monastery.
Sakka, the king of gods, wanted to
test him and so he appeared in front of him and told him: "You are only
a poor man. If you renounce the Buddha, I will give you all the wealth
of the world." But Suppabuddha replied, that he was actually an extremely
rich man - having the faith in the Buddha and his teaching.
Then Sakka related the story to the
Buddha, who said that a hundred Sakkas could not turn Suppabuddha of the
right path. Suppabuddha then went to see the Buddha and on the way back
from the monastery an evil spirit - the woman whom he killed in a previous
existence - killed him.
The monks asked the Buddha where was
Suppabuddha reborn and the Buddha told them, that he had been reborn in
Tavatimsa heaven. By doing bad deeds over
the period of several lives he accumulated a lot of defilements. These
caused him so much pain and suffering, but his realizing the Dharma has
cleared them away.
Word pronunciation:
caranti
bala
dummedha
amittena
eva
attana
karonta
papakaj
kammaj
yaj
hoti
katukapphalaj
katuka
phalaj