Gatha | Sentence Translation | Sentence Structure |
Vocabulary&Grammar | Commentary | Pronunciation |
The fools, the ignorant people give themselves up to negligence.
And the wise one protects conscientiousness as the greatest
treasure.
pamadaj
anuyubjanti bala
dummedhino jana
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N.m.
V.act.in. N.m. Adj.m.
N.m.
Acc.Sg. 3.Sg.pres. Nom.Sg. Nom.Sg.
Nom.Sg.
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List of Abbreviations
a+ppamadaj
ca medhavi
dhanaj setthaj
va rakkhati
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neg. N.m. conj.
N.m. N.n.
Adj.n. part. V.act.in.
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| Nom.Sg. Acc.Sg. Acc.Sg.
| 3.Sg.pres.
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pamadaj: pamada-, N.m.: negligence. Acc.Sg. = pamadaj.
anuyubjanti, V.: to practice, to give oneself up to, to pursue. The verb yubj- (to join, to unite) with the prefix anu- (along, at, to). 3.Pl.act.in.pres. = anuyubjanti.
bala: bala-, N.m.: fool. Nom.Pl. = bala.
dummedhino: dummedhin-, Adj.m.: foolish, ignorant. Derived from the word medha-, N.f.: wisdom, intelligence, by adding the possessive suffix -in and then the prefix du- (lacking something, away from). The double m is due to the euphonic combination (du + medhin = dummedhin). Nom.Pl. = dummedhino.
jana: jana-, N.m.: person, man. Nom.Pl. = jana.
List of Abbreviations
appamadaj: appamada-, N.m.: conscientiousness, non-negligence. A negated (by the negative prefix a-) word pamada-, N.m.: negligence. Doubled p is due to the euphonic combination (a + pamada = appamada). Acc.Sg. = appamadaj.
ca, conj.: and.
medhavi: medhavin-, N.m.: intelligent person, wise one. Nom.Sg. = medhavi.
dhanaj: dhana-, N.n.: wealth, riches. Acc.Sg. = dhanaj.
setthaj: settha-, Adj.: best. Acc.Sg.n. = setthaj.
va, part.: as, like.
rakkhati, V.: protects. The verb root rakkh-. 3.Sg.act.in.pres. = rakkhati.
List of Abbreviations
The subject of the first sentence is
bala (fools,
nominative plural). It has an attribute, the word jana
(people, nominative plural) which has its own attribute dummedhino
(ignorant, nominative singular). The verb is anuyubjanti
(pursue, 3rd person, plural, active, indicative, present tense).
The object is pamadaj
(negligence, accusative singular).
In the second sentence, the subject
is medhavi
(wise one, nominative singular). The verb is rakkhati (protects,
3rd person, singular, active, indicative, present tense). The
object is appamadaj
(conscientiousness, accusative singular). There is a subordinate clause
to the object, introduced by the particle va (like, as): dhanaj
setthaj.
The main object here is dhanaj (treasure,
accusative singular) and the adjective setthaj
(best, accusative singular) is its attribute.
The story associated with this verse
and the following one (DhP 27) speaks about a festival that was celebrated
in the city of Savatthi
while the Buddha was residing there.
Many young men were practicing some
sort of religious rituals, roaming about the city, shouting and begging
for money at every door in the city.
Buddha's lay disciples in that city
warned him not to enter the city and they themselves did not leave their
houses. After one week of the festival ended, the Buddha again entered
Savatthi and
then spoke these two verses (DhP 26 and 27).
Word pronunciation:
pamadaj
anuyubjanti
bala
dummedhino
jana
appamadaj
ca
medhavi
dhanaj
setthaj
va
rakkhati