‘ayaṁ kho bhikkhu akusalaṁ āpanno kañcideva desaṁ kāyena. ‘This mendicant has committed a certain unskillful offense with the body. Ahaṁ imaṁ bhikkhuṁ addasaṁ akusalaṁ āpajjamānaṁ kañcideva desaṁ kāyena. I saw them do that. No ce ayaṁ bhikkhu akusalaṁ āpajjeyya kañcideva desaṁ kāyena, nāhaṁ imaṁ bhikkhuṁ passeyyaṁ akusalaṁ āpajjamānaṁ kañcideva desaṁ kāyena. If they hadn’t committed that offense, I wouldn’t have seen them. Yasmā ca kho, ayaṁ bhikkhu akusalaṁ āpanno kañcideva desaṁ kāyena, tasmā ahaṁ imaṁ bhikkhuṁ addasaṁ akusalaṁ āpajjamānaṁ kañcideva desaṁ kāyena. But since they did commit that offense, I did see them. Disvā ca panāhaṁ imaṁ bhikkhuṁ akusalaṁ āpajjamānaṁ kañcideva desaṁ kāyena anattamano ahosiṁ. When I saw them, I was upset, Anattamano samāno anattamanavacanāhaṁ imaṁ bhikkhuṁ avacaṁ. and I voiced my unhappiness to them. Anattamanavacanāyaṁ bhikkhu mayā vutto samāno anattamano ahosi. Then they also got upset,
kataṁ kalyāṇaṁ, kataṁ kusalaṁ, kataṁ bhīruttāṇaṁ. And I have done good and skillful deeds that keep me safe. Yāvatā, bho, akatapāpānaṁ akataluddānaṁ akatakibbisānaṁ katakalyāṇānaṁ katakusalānaṁ katabhīruttāṇānaṁ gati taṁ gatiṁ pecca gacchāmī’ti. When I depart, I’ll go to the place where people who’ve done such things go.’ So na socati na kilamati na paridevati, na urattāḷiṁ kandati, na sammohaṁ āpajjati. They don’t sorrow and wail and lament, beating their breast and falling into confusion. Ayampi kho, brāhmaṇa, maraṇadhammo samāno na bhāyati, na santāsaṁ āpajjati maraṇassa. This, too, is someone who’s not frightened of death.
Ayaṁ kho, bhikkhave, aṭṭhamo puññābhisando kusalābhisando sukhassāhāro sovaggiko sukhavipāko saggasaṁvattaniko, iṭṭhāya kantāya manāpāya hitāya sukhāya saṁvattati. This is the eighth kind of overflowing merit … Ime kho, bhikkhave, aṭṭha puññābhisandā kusalābhisandā sukhassāhārā sovaggikā sukhavipākā saggasaṁvattanikā, iṭṭhāya kantāya manāpāya hitāya sukhāya saṁvattantī”ti. These are the eight kinds of overflowing merit, overflowing goodness. They nurture happiness and are conducive to heaven, ripening in happiness and leading to heaven. They lead to what is likable, desirable, agreeable, to welfare and happiness.” " Navamaṁ. "
Katamañca, bhikkhave, kusalaṁ? And what is the skillful? Sammādiṭṭhi …pe… sammāvimutti— Right view, right thought, right speech, right action, right livelihood, right effort, right mindfulness, right immersion, right knowledge, and right freedom. idaṁ vuccati, bhikkhave, kusalan”ti. This is called the skillful.” " Tatiyaṁ. "
Katamañca, bhikkhave, kusalaṁ? And what is the skillful? Pāṇātipātā veramaṇī …pe… Not killing living creatures … sammādiṭṭhi— right view. idaṁ vuccati, bhikkhave, kusalan”ti. This is called the skillful.” "
Yato kho, bho, ayaṁ attā vivicceva kāmehi vivicca akusalehi dhammehi savitakkaṁ savicāraṁ vivekajaṁ pītisukhaṁ paṭhamaṁ jhānaṁ upasampajja viharati, ettāvatā kho, bho, ayaṁ attā paramadiṭṭhadhammanibbānaṁ patto hotī’ti. Quite secluded from sensual pleasures, secluded from unskillful qualities, this self enters and remains in the first absorption, which has the rapture and bliss born of seclusion, while placing the mind and keeping it connected. That’s how this self attains ultimate extinguishment in the present life.’ Ittheke sato sattassa paramadiṭṭhadhammanibbānaṁ paññapenti. That is how some assert ultimate extinguishment for an existing being in the present life. Tamañño evamāha: But someone else says to them: ‘atthi kho, bho, eso attā, yaṁ tvaṁ vadesi, neso natthīti vadāmi; ‘That self of which you speak does exist, I don’t deny it.
Katamaṁ panāvuso, akusalaṁ, katamaṁ akusalamūlaṁ, katamaṁ kusalaṁ, katamaṁ kusalamūlaṁ? But what is the unskillful and what is its root? And what is the skillful and what is its root? Pāṇātipāto kho, āvuso, akusalaṁ, adinnādānaṁ akusalaṁ, kāmesumicchācāro akusalaṁ, musāvādo akusalaṁ, pisuṇā vācā akusalaṁ, pharusā vācā akusalaṁ, samphappalāpo akusalaṁ, abhijjhā akusalaṁ, byāpādo akusalaṁ, micchādiṭṭhi akusalaṁ— Killing living creatures, stealing, and sexual misconduct; speech that’s false, divisive, harsh, or nonsensical; and covetousness, ill will, and wrong view.pharusā vācā → pharusavācā (mr) | pisuṇā vācā → pisuṇavācā (mr) idaṁ vuccatāvuso akusalaṁ. This is called the unskillful. Katamañcāvuso, akusalamūlaṁ? And what is the root of the unskillful? Katamañcāvuso, kusalaṁ? And what is the skillful? Pāṇātipātā veramaṇī kusalaṁ, adinnādānā veramaṇī kusalaṁ, kāmesumicchācārā veramaṇī kusalaṁ, musāvādā veramaṇī kusalaṁ, pisuṇāya vācāya veramaṇī kusalaṁ, pharusāya vācāya veramaṇī kusalaṁ, samphappalāpā veramaṇī kusalaṁ, anabhijjhā kusalaṁ, abyāpādo kusalaṁ, sammādiṭṭhi kusalaṁ— Avoiding killing living creatures, stealing, and sexual misconduct; avoiding speech that’s false, divisive, harsh, or nonsensical; contentment, good will, and right view. idaṁ vuccatāvuso, kusalaṁ. This is called the skillful. Katamañcāvuso, kusalamūlaṁ? And what is the root of the skillful? Alobho kusalamūlaṁ, adoso kusalamūlaṁ, amoho kusalamūlaṁ— Contentment, love, and understanding. idaṁ vuccatāvuso, kusalamūlaṁ. This is called the root of the skillful. Yato kho, āvuso, ariyasāvako evaṁ akusalaṁ pajānāti, evaṁ akusalamūlaṁ pajānāti, evaṁ kusalaṁ pajānāti, evaṁ kusalamūlaṁ pajānāti, so sabbaso rāgānusayaṁ pahāya, paṭighānusayaṁ paṭivinodetvā, ‘asmī’ti diṭṭhimānānusayaṁ samūhanitvā, avijjaṁ pahāya vijjaṁ uppādetvā, diṭṭheva dhamme dukkhassantakaro hoti— A noble disciple understands in this way the unskillful and its root, and the skillful and its root. They’ve completely given up the underlying tendency to greed, got rid of the underlying tendency to repulsion, and eradicated the underlying tendency to the view and conceit ‘I am’. They’ve given up ignorance and given rise to knowledge, and make an end of suffering in this very life.
Katame ca, thapati, kusalā sīlā? And what are skillful behaviors? Kusalaṁ kāyakammaṁ, kusalaṁ vacīkammaṁ, ājīvaparisuddhampi kho ahaṁ, thapati, sīlasmiṁ vadāmi. Skillful deeds by way of body and speech, and purified livelihood are included in behavior, I say. Ime vuccanti, thapati, kusalā sīlā. These are called skillful behaviors. Ime ca, thapati, kusalā sīlā kiṁsamuṭṭhānā? And where do these skillful behaviors stem from?
kataṁ kalyāṇaṁ, kataṁ kusalaṁ, kataṁ bhīruttāṇaṁ. And I have done good and skillful deeds that keep me safe. Yāvatā, bho, akatapāpānaṁ akataluddānaṁ akatakibbisānaṁ katakalyāṇānaṁ katakusalānaṁ katabhīruttāṇānaṁ gati taṁ gatiṁ pecca gacchāmī’ti. When I pass away, I’ll go to the place where people who’ve done such things go.’ So na socati, na kilamati, na paridevati, na urattāḷiṁ kandati, na sammohaṁ āpajjati. So they don’t sorrow and wail and lament, beating their breast and falling into confusion. Idampi, bhikkhave, paṇḍito tatiyaṁ diṭṭheva dhamme sukhaṁ somanassaṁ paṭisaṁvedeti. This is the third kind of pleasure and happiness that an astute person experiences in this very life.
Katame ca, bhikkhave, kusalā dhammā? And what are skillful qualities? Seyyathidaṁ—sammādiṭṭhi …pe… sammāsamādhi. They are right view, right thought, right speech, right action, right livelihood, right effort, right mindfulness, and right immersion. Ime vuccanti, bhikkhave, kusalā dhammā”ti. These are called skillful qualities.” " Dutiyaṁ. "
Ko cādi kusalānaṁ dhammānaṁ? What is the starting point of skillful qualities? Sīlañca suvisuddhaṁ, diṭṭhi ca ujukā. Well purified ethics and correct view. Yato kho te, bhikkhu, sīlañca suvisuddhaṁ bhavissati diṭṭhi ca ujukā, tato tvaṁ, bhikkhu, sīlaṁ nissāya sīle patiṭṭhāya cattāro satipaṭṭhāne tividhena bhāveyyāsi. When your ethics are well purified and your view is correct, you should develop the four kinds of mindfulness meditation in three ways, depending on and grounded on ethics. Katame cattāro? What four?
Ko cādi kusalānaṁ dhammānaṁ? What is the starting point of skillful qualities? Sīlañca suvisuddhaṁ, diṭṭhi ca ujukā. Well purified ethics and correct view. Yato ca kho te, bāhiya, sīlañca suvisuddhaṁ bhavissati, diṭṭhi ca ujukā, tato tvaṁ, bāhiya, sīlaṁ nissāya sīle patiṭṭhāya cattāro satipaṭṭhāne bhāveyyāsi. When your ethics are well purified and your view is correct, you should develop the four kinds of mindfulness meditation, depending on and grounded on ethics. Katame cattāro? What four?
Ko cādi kusalānaṁ dhammānaṁ? What is the starting point of skillful qualities? Sīlañca suvisuddhaṁ, diṭṭhi ca ujukā. Well purified ethics and correct view. Yato ca kho te, uttiya, sīlañca suvisuddhaṁ bhavissati, diṭṭhi ca ujukā, tato tvaṁ, uttiya, sīlaṁ nissāya sīle patiṭṭhāya cattāro satipaṭṭhāne bhāveyyāsi. When your ethics are well purified and your view is correct, you should develop the four kinds of mindfulness meditation, depending on and grounded on ethics. Katame cattāro? What four?
Ko cādi kusalānaṁ dhammānaṁ? What is the starting point of skillful qualities? Idha tvaṁ, bhikkhu, pātimokkhasaṁvarasaṁvuto viharāhi ācāragocarasampanno aṇumattesu vajjesu bhayadassāvī, samādāya sikkhassu sikkhāpadesu. Live restrained in the monastic code, conducting yourself well and seeking alms in suitable places. Seeing danger in the slightest fault, keep the rules you’ve undertaken. Yato kho tvaṁ, bhikkhu, pātimokkhasaṁvarasaṁvuto viharissasi ācāragocarasampanno aṇumattesu vajjesu bhayadassāvī samādāya sikkhassu sikkhāpadesu; tato tvaṁ, bhikkhu, sīlaṁ nissāya sīle patiṭṭhāya cattāro satipaṭṭhāne bhāveyyāsi. When you’ve done this, you should develop the four kinds of mindfulness meditation, depending on and grounded on ethics. Katame cattāro? What four?
Ko cādi kusalānaṁ dhammānaṁ? What is the beginning of skillful qualities? Idha tvaṁ, bhikkhu, kāyaduccaritaṁ pahāya kāyasucaritaṁ bhāvessasi. Give up bad conduct by way of body, speech, and mind and develop good conduct by way of body, speech, and mind. Vacīduccaritaṁ pahāya vacīsucaritaṁ bhāvessasi. sn47.47 Manoduccaritaṁ pahāya manosucaritaṁ bhāvessasi. sn47.47
Ayaṁ paṭhamo puññābhisando kusalābhisando sukhassāhāro. This is the first kind of overflowing merit, overflowing goodness that nurtures happiness. Puna caparaṁ, bhikkhave, ariyasāvako dhamme aveccappasādena samannāgato hoti— Furthermore, a noble disciple has experiential confidence in the teaching … svākkhāto bhagavatā dhammo …pe… paccattaṁ veditabbo viññūhīti. sn55.31 Ayaṁ dutiyo puññābhisando kusalābhisando sukhassāhāro. This is the second kind of overflowing merit, overflowing goodness that nurtures happiness. Puna caparaṁ, bhikkhave, ariyasāvako saṅghe aveccappasādena samannāgato hoti— Furthermore, a noble disciple has experiential confidence in the Saṅgha … suppaṭipanno bhagavato sāvakasaṅgho …pe… anuttaraṁ puññakkhettaṁ lokassāti. sn55.31 Ayaṁ tatiyo puññābhisando kusalābhisando sukhassāhāro. This is the third kind of overflowing merit, overflowing goodness that nurtures happiness. Puna caparaṁ, bhikkhave, ariyasāvako ariyakantehi sīlehi samannāgato hoti akhaṇḍehi …pe… samādhisaṁvattanikehi. Furthermore, a noble disciple’s ethical conduct is loved by the noble ones, unbroken, impeccable, spotless, and unmarred, liberating, praised by sensible people, not mistaken, and leading to immersion. Ayaṁ catuttho puññābhisando kusalābhisando sukhassāhāro. This is the fourth kind of overflowing merit, overflowing goodness that nurtures happiness. Ime kho, bhikkhave, cattāro puññābhisandā kusalābhisandā sukhassāhārā”ti. These are the four kinds of overflowing merit, overflowing goodness that nurture happiness.” " Paṭhamaṁ. "
Ayaṁ paṭhamo puññābhisando kusalābhisando sukhassāhāro. sn55.32 Puna caparaṁ, bhikkhave, ariyasāvako dhamme …pe… the teaching … saṅghe …pe…. the Saṅgha … Puna caparaṁ, bhikkhave, ariyasāvako vigatamalamaccherena cetasā agāraṁ ajjhāvasati muttacāgo payatapāṇi vossaggarato yācayogo dānasaṁvibhāgarato. Furthermore, a noble disciple lives at home rid of the stain of stinginess, freely generous, open-handed, loving to let go, committed to charity, loving to give and to share. Ayaṁ catuttho puññābhisando kusalābhisando sukhassāhāro. This is the fourth kind of overflowing merit, overflowing goodness that nurtures happiness. Ime kho, bhikkhave, cattāro puññābhisandā kusalābhisandā sukhassāhārā”ti. These are the four kinds of overflowing merit, overflowing goodness that nurture happiness.” " Dutiyaṁ. "
Ayaṁ paṭhamo puññābhisando kusalābhisando sukhassāhāro. sn55.33 Puna caparaṁ, bhikkhave, ariyasāvako dhamme …pe… the teaching … saṅghe …pe…. the Saṅgha … Puna caparaṁ, bhikkhave, ariyasāvako paññavā hoti udayatthagāminiyā paññāya samannāgato ariyāya nibbedhikāya sammā dukkhakkhayagāminiyā. Furthermore, a noble disciple is wise. They have the wisdom of arising and passing away which is noble, penetrative, and leads to the complete ending of suffering. Ayaṁ catuttho puññābhisando kusalābhisando sukhassāhāro. This is the fourth kind of overflowing merit, overflowing goodness that nurtures happiness. Ime kho, bhikkhave, cattāro puññābhisandā kusalābhisandā sukhassāhārā”ti. These are the four kinds of overflowing merit, overflowing goodness that nurture happiness.” " Tatiyaṁ. "
Ayaṁ paṭhamo puññābhisando, kusalābhisando, sukhassāhāro. sn55.41 Puna caparaṁ, bhikkhave, ariyasāvako dhamme …pe… the teaching … saṅghe …pe…. the Saṅgha … Puna caparaṁ, bhikkhave, ariyasāvako ariyakantehi sīlehi samannāgato hoti akhaṇḍehi …pe… samādhisaṁvattanikehi. Furthermore, they have the ethical conduct loved by the noble ones … leading to immersion. … Ayaṁ catuttho puññābhisando, kusalābhisando, sukhassāhāro. sn55.41 Ime kho, bhikkhave, cattāro puññābhisandā, kusalābhisandā, sukhassāhārā. These are the four kinds of overflowing merit, overflowing goodness that nurture happiness. Imehi kho, bhikkhave, catūhi puññābhisandehi kusalābhisandehi samannāgatassa ariyasāvakassa na sukaraṁ puññassa pamāṇaṁ gaṇetuṁ: When a noble disciple has these four kinds of overflowing merit and goodness, it’s not easy to measure how much merit they have by saying that ‘ettako puññābhisando, kusalābhisando, sukhassāhāro’ti. this is the extent of their overflowing merit, overflowing goodness that nurtures happiness.
Ayaṁ paṭhamo puññābhisando kusalābhisando sukhassāhāro. sn55.42 Puna caparaṁ, bhikkhave, ariyasāvako dhamme …pe… the teaching … saṅghe …pe…. the Saṅgha … Puna caparaṁ, bhikkhave, ariyasāvako vigatamalamaccherena cetasā agāraṁ ajjhāvasati muttacāgo payatapāṇi vossaggarato yācayogo dānasaṁvibhāgarato. Furthermore, a noble disciple lives at home rid of the stain of stinginess, freely generous, open-handed, loving to let go, committed to charity, loving to give and to share. Ayaṁ catuttho puññābhisando kusalābhisando sukhassāhāro. This is the fourth kind of overflowing merit, overflowing goodness that nurtures happiness. Ime kho, bhikkhave, cattāro puññābhisandā, kusalābhisandā, sukhassāhārā. These are the four kinds of overflowing merit, overflowing goodness that nurture happiness. Imehi kho, bhikkhave, catūhi puññābhisandehi kusalābhisandehi samannāgatassa ariyasāvakassa na sukaraṁ puññassa pamāṇaṁ gaṇetuṁ: When a noble disciple has these four kinds of overflowing merit and goodness, it’s not easy to measure how much merit they have by saying that ‘ettako puññābhisando, kusalābhisando, sukhassāhāro’ti. this is the extent of their overflowing merit, overflowing goodness that nurtures happiness.
Ayaṁ paṭhamo puññābhisando, kusalābhisando, sukhassāhāro. sn55.43 Puna caparaṁ, bhikkhave, ariyasāvako dhamme …pe… the teaching … saṅghe …pe…. the Saṅgha … Puna caparaṁ, bhikkhave, ariyasāvako paññavā hoti udayatthagāminiyā paññāya samannāgato ariyāya nibbedhikāya sammā dukkhakkhayagāminiyā. Furthermore, a noble disciple is wise. They have the wisdom of arising and passing away which is noble, penetrative, and leads to the complete ending of suffering. Ayaṁ catuttho puññābhisando kusalābhisando sukhassāhāro. This is the fourth kind of overflowing merit, overflowing goodness that nurtures happiness. Ime kho, bhikkhave, cattāro puññābhisandā kusalābhisandā sukhassāhārā. These are the four kinds of overflowing merit, overflowing goodness that nurture happiness. Imehi kho, bhikkhave, catūhi puññābhisandehi kusalābhisandehi samannāgatassa ariyasāvakassa na sukaraṁ puññassa pamāṇaṁ gaṇetuṁ: When a noble disciple has these four kinds of overflowing merit and goodness, it’s not easy to measure how much merit they have by saying that ‘ettako puññābhisando, kusalābhisando, sukhassāhāro’ti. this is the extent of their overflowing merit, overflowing goodness that nurtures happiness.
