“Ye keci, bhikkhave, dhammā akusalā akusalabhāgiyā akusalapakkhikā, sabbe te manopubbaṅgamā.  “Mendicants, intention shapes all phenomena whatsoever that are unskillful, part of the unskillful, on the side of the unskillful. 
Mano tesaṁ dhammānaṁ paṭhamaṁ uppajjati, anvadeva akusalā dhammā”ti. 
Intention is the first of those phenomena to arise, and unskillful phenomena follow right behind.” 
“Ye keci, bhikkhave, dhammā kusalā kusalabhāgiyā kusalapakkhikā, sabbe te manopubbaṅgamā. 
“Mendicants, intention shapes all phenomena whatsoever that are skillful, part of the skillful, on the side of the skillful. 
Mano tesaṁ dhammānaṁ paṭhamaṁ uppajjati, anvadeva kusalā dhammā”ti. 
Intention is the first of those phenomena to arise, and skillful phenomena follow right behind.” 
“Nāhaṁ, bhikkhave, aññaṁ ekadhammampi samanupassāmi yena anuppannā vā akusalā dhammā uppajjanti uppannā vā kusalā dhammā parihāyanti yathayidaṁ, bhikkhave, pamādo. 
“Mendicants, I do not see a single thing that gives rise to unskillful qualities, or makes skillful qualities decline like negligence. 
Pamattassa, bhikkhave, anuppannā ceva akusalā dhammā uppajjanti uppannā ca kusalā dhammā parihāyantī”ti. 
When you’re negligent, unskillful qualities arise and skillful qualities decline.” 
“Nāhaṁ, bhikkhave, aññaṁ ekadhammampi samanupassāmi yena anuppannā vā kusalā dhammā uppajjanti uppannā vā akusalā dhammā parihāyanti yathayidaṁ, bhikkhave, appamādo. 
“Mendicants, I do not see a single thing that gives rise to skillful qualities, or makes unskillful qualities decline like diligence. 
Appamattassa, bhikkhave, anuppannā ceva kusalā dhammā uppajjanti uppannā ca akusalā dhammā parihāyantī”ti. 
When you’re diligent, skillful qualities arise and unskillful qualities decline.” 
“Nāhaṁ, bhikkhave, aññaṁ ekadhammampi samanupassāmi yena anuppannā vā akusalā dhammā uppajjanti uppannā vā kusalā dhammā parihāyanti yathayidaṁ, bhikkhave, kosajjaṁ. 
“Mendicants, I do not see a single thing that gives rise to unskillful qualities, or makes skillful qualities decline like laziness. 
Kusītassa, bhikkhave, anuppannā ceva akusalā dhammā uppajjanti uppannā ca kusalā dhammā parihāyantī”ti. 
When you’re lazy, unskillful qualities arise and skillful qualities decline.” 

“Nāhaṁ, bhikkhave, aññaṁ ekadhammampi samanupassāmi yena anuppannā vā kusalā dhammā uppajjanti uppannā vā akusalā dhammā parihāyanti yathayidaṁ, bhikkhave, vīriyārambho.  “Mendicants, I do not see a single thing that gives rise to skillful qualities, or makes unskillful qualities decline like arousing energy. 
Āraddhavīriyassa, bhikkhave, anuppannā ceva kusalā dhammā uppajjanti uppannā ca akusalā dhammā parihāyantī”ti. 
When you’re energetic, skillful qualities arise and unskillful qualities decline.” 
“Nāhaṁ, bhikkhave, aññaṁ ekadhammampi samanupassāmi yena anuppannā vā akusalā dhammā uppajjanti uppannā vā kusalā dhammā parihāyanti yathayidaṁ, bhikkhave, mahicchatā. 
“Mendicants, I do not see a single thing that gives rise to unskillful qualities, or makes skillful qualities decline like having many wishes. 
Mahicchassa, bhikkhave, anuppannā ceva akusalā dhammā uppajjanti uppannā ca kusalā dhammā parihāyantī”ti. 
When you have many wishes, unskillful qualities arise and skillful qualities decline.” 
“Nāhaṁ, bhikkhave, aññaṁ ekadhammampi samanupassāmi yena anuppannā vā kusalā dhammā uppajjanti uppannā vā akusalā dhammā parihāyanti yathayidaṁ, bhikkhave, appicchatā. 
“Mendicants, I do not see a single thing that gives rise to skillful qualities, or makes unskillful qualities decline like having few wishes. 
Appicchassa, bhikkhave, anuppannā ceva kusalā dhammā uppajjanti uppannā ca akusalā dhammā parihāyantī”ti. 
When you have few wishes, skillful qualities arise and unskillful qualities decline.” 
“Nāhaṁ, bhikkhave, aññaṁ ekadhammampi samanupassāmi yena anuppannā vā akusalā dhammā uppajjanti uppannā vā kusalā dhammā parihāyanti yathayidaṁ, bhikkhave, asantuṭṭhitā. 
“Mendicants, I do not see a single thing that gives rise to unskillful qualities, or makes skillful qualities decline like lack of contentment. 
Asantuṭṭhassa, bhikkhave, anuppannā ceva akusalā dhammā uppajjanti uppannā ca kusalā dhammā parihāyantī”ti. 
When you lack contentment, unskillful qualities arise and skillful qualities decline.” 
“Nāhaṁ, bhikkhave, aññaṁ ekadhammampi samanupassāmi yena anuppannā vā kusalā dhammā uppajjanti uppannā vā akusalā dhammā parihāyanti yathayidaṁ, bhikkhave, santuṭṭhitā. 
“Mendicants, I do not see a single thing that gives rise to skillful qualities, or makes unskillful qualities decline like contentment. 
Santuṭṭhassa, bhikkhave, anuppannā ceva kusalā dhammā uppajjanti uppannā ca akusalā dhammā parihāyantī”ti. 
When you’re contented, skillful qualities arise and unskillful qualities decline.” 
“Nāhaṁ, bhikkhave, aññaṁ ekadhammampi samanupassāmi yena anuppannā vā akusalā dhammā uppajjanti uppannā vā kusalā dhammā parihāyanti yathayidaṁ, bhikkhave, ayonisomanasikāro. 
“Mendicants, I do not see a single thing that gives rise to unskillful qualities, or makes skillful qualities decline like irrational application of mind. 
Ayoniso, bhikkhave, manasi karoto anuppannā ceva akusalā dhammā uppajjanti uppannā ca kusalā dhammā parihāyantī”ti. 
When you apply the mind irrationally, unskillful qualities arise and skillful qualities decline.” 
“Nāhaṁ, bhikkhave, aññaṁ ekadhammampi samanupassāmi yena anuppannā vā kusalā dhammā uppajjanti uppannā vā akusalā dhammā parihāyanti yathayidaṁ, bhikkhave, yonisomanasikāro. 
“Mendicants, I do not see a single thing that gives rise to skillful qualities, or makes unskillful qualities decline like rational application of mind. 
Yoniso, bhikkhave, manasi karoto anuppannā ceva kusalā dhammā uppajjanti uppannā ca akusalā dhammā parihāyantī”ti. 
When you apply the mind rationally, skillful qualities arise and unskillful qualities decline.” 
“Nāhaṁ, bhikkhave, aññaṁ ekadhammampi samanupassāmi yena anuppannā vā akusalā dhammā uppajjanti uppannā vā kusalā dhammā parihāyanti yathayidaṁ, bhikkhave, asampajaññaṁ. 
“Mendicants, I do not see a single thing that gives rise to unskillful qualities, or makes skillful qualities decline like lack of situational awareness. 
Asampajānassa, bhikkhave, anuppannā ceva akusalā dhammā uppajjanti uppannā ca kusalā dhammā parihāyantī”ti. 
When you lack situational awareness, unskillful qualities arise and skillful qualities decline.” 
“Nāhaṁ, bhikkhave, aññaṁ ekadhammampi samanupassāmi yena anuppannā vā kusalā dhammā uppajjanti uppannā vā akusalā dhammā parihāyanti yathayidaṁ, bhikkhave, sampajaññaṁ. 
“Mendicants, I do not see a single thing that gives rise to skillful qualities, or makes unskillful qualities decline like situational awareness. 
Sampajānassa, bhikkhave, anuppannā ceva kusalā dhammā uppajjanti uppannā ca akusalā dhammā parihāyantī”ti. 
When you have situational awareness, skillful qualities arise and unskillful qualities decline.” 
“Nāhaṁ, bhikkhave, aññaṁ ekadhammampi samanupassāmi yena anuppannā vā akusalā dhammā uppajjanti uppannā vā kusalā dhammā parihāyanti yathayidaṁ, bhikkhave, pāpamittatā. 
“Mendicants, I do not see a single thing that gives rise to unskillful qualities, or makes skillful qualities decline like bad friends. 
Pāpamittassa, bhikkhave, anuppannā ceva akusalā dhammā uppajjanti uppannā ca kusalā dhammā parihāyantī”ti. 
When you have bad friends, unskillful qualities arise and skillful qualities decline.” 

“Nāhaṁ, bhikkhave, aññaṁ ekadhammampi samanupassāmi yena anuppannā vā kusalā dhammā uppajjanti uppannā vā akusalā dhammā parihāyanti yathayidaṁ, bhikkhave, kalyāṇamittatā.  “Mendicants, I do not see a single thing that gives rise to skillful qualities, or makes unskillful qualities decline like good friends. 
Kalyāṇamittassa, bhikkhave, anuppannā ceva kusalā dhammā uppajjanti uppannā ca akusalā dhammā parihāyantī”ti. 
When you have good friends, skillful qualities arise and unskillful qualities decline.” 
“Nāhaṁ, bhikkhave, aññaṁ ekadhammampi samanupassāmi yena anuppannā vā akusalā dhammā uppajjanti uppannā vā kusalā dhammā parihāyanti yathayidaṁ, bhikkhave, anuyogo akusalānaṁ dhammānaṁ, ananuyogo kusalānaṁ dhammānaṁ. 
“Mendicants, I do not see a single thing that gives rise to unskillful qualities, or makes skillful qualities decline like pursuing bad habits and not good habits. 
Anuyogā, bhikkhave, akusalānaṁ dhammānaṁ, ananuyogā kusalānaṁ dhammānaṁ anuppannā ceva akusalā dhammā uppajjanti uppannā ca kusalā dhammā parihāyantī”ti. 
When you pursue bad habits and not good habits, unskillful qualities arise and skillful qualities decline.” 
“Nāhaṁ, bhikkhave, aññaṁ ekadhammampi samanupassāmi yena anuppannā vā kusalā dhammā uppajjanti uppannā vā akusalā dhammā parihāyanti yathayidaṁ, bhikkhave, anuyogo kusalānaṁ dhammānaṁ, ananuyogo akusalānaṁ dhammānaṁ. 
“Mendicants, I do not see a single thing that gives rise to skillful qualities, or makes unskillful qualities decline like pursuing good habits and not bad habits. 
Anuyogā, bhikkhave, kusalānaṁ dhammānaṁ, ananuyogā akusalānaṁ dhammānaṁ anuppannā ceva kusalā dhammā uppajjanti uppannā ca akusalā dhammā parihāyantī”ti. 
When you pursue good habits and not bad habits, skillful qualities arise and unskillful qualities decline.” 

“Nāhaṁ, bhikkhave, aññaṁ ekadhammampi samanupassāmi yo evaṁ mahato anatthāya saṁvattati yathayidaṁ, bhikkhave, anuyogo akusalānaṁ dhammānaṁ, ananuyogo kusalānaṁ dhammānaṁ.  “Mendicants, I do not see a single thing that is so very harmful as pursuing bad habits and not good habits. 
Anuyogo, bhikkhave, akusalānaṁ dhammānaṁ, ananuyogo kusalānaṁ dhammānaṁ mahato anatthāya saṁvattatī”ti. 
Pursuing bad habits and not good habits is very harmful.” 
“Nāhaṁ, bhikkhave, aññaṁ ekadhammampi samanupassāmi yo evaṁ mahato atthāya saṁvattati yathayidaṁ, bhikkhave, anuyogo kusalānaṁ dhammānaṁ, ananuyogo akusalānaṁ dhammānaṁ. 
“Mendicants, I do not see a single thing that is so very beneficial as pursuing good habits and not bad habits. 
Anuyogo, bhikkhave, kusalānaṁ dhammānaṁ, ananuyogo akusalānaṁ dhammānaṁ mahato atthāya saṁvattatī”ti. 
Pursuing good habits and not bad habits is very beneficial.” 

“Ajjhattikaṁ, bhikkhave, aṅganti karitvā nāññaṁ ekaṅgampi samanupassāmi yaṁ evaṁ mahato anatthāya saṁvattati yathayidaṁ, bhikkhave, anuyogo akusalānaṁ dhammānaṁ, ananuyogo kusalānaṁ dhammānaṁ.  “Taking into account interior factors, mendicants, I do not see a single one that is so very harmful as pursuing bad habits and not good habits. 
Anuyogo, bhikkhave, akusalānaṁ dhammānaṁ, ananuyogo kusalānaṁ dhammānaṁ mahato anatthāya saṁvattatī”ti. 
Pursuing bad habits and not good habits is very harmful.” 
“Ajjhattikaṁ, bhikkhave, aṅganti karitvā nāññaṁ ekaṅgampi samanupassāmi yaṁ evaṁ mahato atthāya saṁvattati yathayidaṁ, bhikkhave, anuyogo kusalānaṁ dhammānaṁ, ananuyogo akusalānaṁ dhammānaṁ. 
“Taking into account interior factors, mendicants, I do not see a single one that is so very beneficial as pursuing good habits and not bad habits. 
Anuyogo, bhikkhave, kusalānaṁ dhammānaṁ, ananuyogo akusalānaṁ dhammānaṁ mahato atthāya saṁvattatī”ti. 
Pursuing good habits and not bad habits is very beneficial.” 
“Nāhaṁ, bhikkhave, aññaṁ ekadhammampi samanupassāmi yo evaṁ saddhammassa sammosāya antaradhānāya saṁvattati yathayidaṁ, bhikkhave, mahicchatā …pe… appicchatā … asantuṭṭhitā … santuṭṭhitā … ayonisomanasikāro … yonisomanasikāro … asampajaññaṁ … sampajaññaṁ … pāpamittatā … kalyāṇamittatā … anuyogo akusalānaṁ dhammānaṁ, ananuyogo kusalānaṁ dhammānaṁ. 
“Mendicants, I do not see a single thing that leads to the decline and disappearance of the true teaching like having many wishes … having few wishes … lack of contentment … contentment … irrational application of mind … rational application of mind … lack of situational awareness … situational awareness … bad friends … good friends … pursuing bad habits and not good habits. 
Anuyogo, bhikkhave, akusalānaṁ dhammānaṁ, ananuyogo kusalānaṁ dhammānaṁ saddhammassa sammosāya antaradhānāya saṁvattatī”ti. 
Pursuing bad habits and not good habits leads to the decline and disappearance of the true teaching.” 
“Nāhaṁ, bhikkhave, aññaṁ ekadhammampi samanupassāmi yo evaṁ saddhammassa ṭhitiyā asammosāya anantaradhānāya saṁvattati yathayidaṁ, bhikkhave, anuyogo kusalānaṁ dhammānaṁ, ananuyogo akusalānaṁ dhammānaṁ. 
“Mendicants, I do not see a single thing that leads to the continuation, persistence, and enduring of the true teaching like pursuing good habits and not bad habits. 
Anuyogo, bhikkhave, kusalānaṁ dhammānaṁ, ananuyogo akusalānaṁ dhammānaṁ saddhammassa ṭhitiyā asammosāya anantaradhānāya saṁvattatī”ti. 
Pursuing good habits and not bad habits leads to the continuation, persistence, and enduring of the true teaching” 

… Cetovivaṭṭakusalānaṁ yadidaṁ cūḷapanthako.  … who are skilled in the evolution of consciousness is Cūḷapanthaka. 
… Saññāvivaṭṭakusalānaṁ yadidaṁ mahāpanthako. 
… who are skilled in the evolution of perception is Mahāpanthaka. 

… Tejodhātukusalānaṁ yadidaṁ sāgato.  … who are skilled in the fire element is Sāgata. 

“Nāhaṁ, bhikkhave, aññaṁ ekadhammampi samanupassāmi yena anuppannā vā akusalā dhammā uppajjanti uppannā vā akusalā dhammā bhiyyobhāvāya vepullāya saṁvattanti yathayidaṁ, bhikkhave, micchādiṭṭhi.  “Mendicants, I do not see a single thing that gives rise to unskillful qualities, or, when they have arisen, makes them increase and grow like wrong view. 
Micchādiṭṭhikassa, bhikkhave, anuppannā ceva akusalā dhammā uppajjanti uppannā ca akusalā dhammā bhiyyobhāvāya vepullāya saṁvattantī”ti. 
When you have wrong view, unskillful qualities arise or, when they have arisen, they increase and grow.” 
“Nāhaṁ, bhikkhave, aññaṁ ekadhammampi samanupassāmi yena anuppannā vā kusalā dhammā uppajjanti uppannā vā kusalā dhammā bhiyyobhāvāya vepullāya saṁvattanti yathayidaṁ, bhikkhave, sammādiṭṭhi. 
“Mendicants, I do not see a single thing that gives rise to skillful qualities, or, when they have arisen, makes them increase and grow like right view. 
Sammādiṭṭhikassa, bhikkhave, anuppannā ceva kusalā dhammā uppajjanti uppannā ca kusalā dhammā bhiyyobhāvāya vepullāya saṁvattantī”ti. 
When you have right view, unarisen skillful qualities arise or, when they have arisen, they increase and grow.” 
“Nāhaṁ, bhikkhave, aññaṁ ekadhammampi samanupassāmi yena anuppannā vā kusalā dhammā nuppajjanti uppannā vā kusalā dhammā parihāyanti yathayidaṁ, bhikkhave, micchādiṭṭhi. 
“Mendicants, I do not see a single thing that gives rise to unskillful qualities, or makes skillful qualities decline like wrong view. 
Micchādiṭṭhikassa, bhikkhave, anuppannā ceva kusalā dhammā nuppajjanti uppannā ca kusalā dhammā parihāyantī”ti. 
When you have wrong view, unskillful qualities arise and skillful qualities decline.” 
“Nāhaṁ, bhikkhave, aññaṁ ekadhammampi samanupassāmi yena anuppannā vā akusalā dhammā nuppajjanti uppannā vā akusalā dhammā parihāyanti yathayidaṁ, bhikkhave, sammādiṭṭhi. 
“Mendicants, I do not see a single thing that gives rise to skillful qualities, or makes unskillful qualities decline like right view. 
Sammādiṭṭhikassa, bhikkhave, anuppannā ceva akusalā dhammā nuppajjanti uppannā ca akusalā dhammā parihāyantī”ti. 
When you have right view, skillful qualities arise and unskillful qualities decline.” 

Anuppannānaṁ pāpakānaṁ akusalānaṁ dhammānaṁ anuppādāya chandaṁ janeti vāyamati vīriyaṁ ārabhati cittaṁ paggaṇhāti padahati;  If they generate enthusiasm, try, make an effort, exert the mind, and strive so that bad, unskillful qualities don’t arise, even for the time of a finger-snap … 
uppannānaṁ pāpakānaṁ akusalānaṁ dhammānaṁ pahānāya chandaṁ janeti vāyamati vīriyaṁ ārabhati cittaṁ paggaṇhāti padahati. 
If they generate enthusiasm, try, make an effort, exert the mind, and strive so that bad, unskillful qualities that have arisen are given up, even for the time of a finger-snap … 
Anuppannānaṁ kusalānaṁ dhammānaṁ uppādāya chandaṁ janeti vāyamati vīriyaṁ ārabhati cittaṁ paggaṇhāti padahati; 
If they generate enthusiasm, try, make an effort, exert the mind, and strive so that skillful qualities that have not arisen do arise, even for the time of a finger-snap … 
uppannānaṁ kusalānaṁ dhammānaṁ ṭhitiyā asammosāya bhiyyobhāvāya vepullāya bhāvanāya pāripūriyā chandaṁ janeti vāyamati vīriyaṁ ārabhati cittaṁ paggaṇhāti padahati. 
If they generate enthusiasm, try, make an effort, exert the mind, and strive so that skillful qualities that have arisen remain, are not lost, but increase, mature, and are fulfilled by development, even for the time of a finger-snap … 

evamevaṁ, bhikkhave, yassa kassaci kāyagatā sati bhāvitā bahulīkatā antogadhā tassa kusalā dhammā ye keci vijjābhāgiyā”ti.  In the same way, anyone who has developed and cultivated mindfulness of the body includes all of the skillful qualities that play a part in realization.” 
“Ekadhamme, bhikkhave, bhāvite bahulīkate anuppannā ceva akusalā dhammā nuppajjanti, uppannā ca akusalā dhammā pahīyanti. 
“When one thing, mendicants, is developed and cultivated, unskillful qualities do not arise, and, if they’ve already arisen, they are given up. 
Imasmiṁ kho, bhikkhave, ekadhamme bhāvite bahulīkate anuppannā ceva akusalā dhammā nuppajjanti, uppannā ca akusalā dhammā pahīyantī”ti. 
When this one thing is developed and cultivated, unskillful qualities do not arise, and, if they’ve already arisen, they are given up.” 
“Ekadhamme, bhikkhave, bhāvite bahulīkate anuppannā ceva kusalā dhammā uppajjanti, uppannā ca kusalā dhammā bhiyyobhāvāya vepullāya saṁvattanti. 
“When one thing, mendicants, is developed and cultivated, skillful qualities arise, and, once they’ve arisen, they increase and grow. 
Imasmiṁ kho, bhikkhave, ekadhamme bhāvite bahulīkate anuppannā ceva kusalā dhammā uppajjanti, uppannā ca kusalā dhammā bhiyyobhāvāya vepullāya saṁvattantī”ti. 
When this one thing is developed and cultivated, skillful qualities arise, and, once they’ve arisen, they increase and grow.” 

yā ca asantuṭṭhitā kusalesu dhammesu, yā ca appaṭivānitā padhānasmiṁ.  to never be content with skillful qualities, and to never stop trying. 

Rāgaṁ pahāya, dosaṁ pahāya, mohaṁ pahāya yaṁ akusalaṁ na taṁ karoti, yaṁ pāpaṁ na taṁ sevati.  Then you don’t do anything unskillful, or practice anything bad. 
Idha, bhikkhave, bhikkhu vivicceva kāmehi, vivicca akusalehi dhammehi savitakkaṁ savicāraṁ vivekajaṁ pītisukhaṁ paṭhamaṁ jhānaṁ upasampajja viharati. 
It’s when a mendicant, quite secluded from sensual pleasures, secluded from unskillful qualities, enters and remains in the first absorption, which has the rapture and bliss born of seclusion, while placing the mind and keeping it connected. 
‘ahaṁ kho akusalaṁ āpanno kañcideva desaṁ kāyena. 
‘I have committed a certain unskillful offense with the body. 
Maṁ so bhikkhu addasa akusalaṁ āpajjamānaṁ kañcideva desaṁ kāyena. 
That mendicant saw me do this. 
No ce ahaṁ akusalaṁ āpajjeyyaṁ kañcideva desaṁ kāyena, na maṁ so bhikkhu passeyya akusalaṁ āpajjamānaṁ kañcideva desaṁ kāyena. 
If I hadn’t committed that offense, they wouldn’t have seen me. 
Yasmā ca kho, ahaṁ akusalaṁ āpanno kañcideva desaṁ kāyena, tasmā maṁ so bhikkhu addasa akusalaṁ āpajjamānaṁ kañcideva desaṁ kāyena. 
But since I did commit that offense, they did see me. 
Disvā ca pana maṁ so bhikkhu akusalaṁ āpajjamānaṁ kañcideva desaṁ kāyena anattamano ahosi. 
When they saw me, they were upset, 
‘ayaṁ kho bhikkhu akusalaṁ āpanno kañcideva desaṁ kāyena. 
‘This mendicant has committed a certain unskillful offense with the body. 
Ahaṁ imaṁ bhikkhuṁ addasaṁ akusalaṁ āpajjamānaṁ kañcideva desaṁ kāyena. 
I saw them do that. 
No ce ayaṁ bhikkhu akusalaṁ āpajjeyya kañcideva desaṁ kāyena, nāhaṁ imaṁ bhikkhuṁ passeyyaṁ akusalaṁ āpajjamānaṁ kañcideva desaṁ kāyena. 
If they hadn’t committed that offense, I wouldn’t have seen them. 
Yasmā ca kho, ayaṁ bhikkhu akusalaṁ āpanno kañcideva desaṁ kāyena, tasmā ahaṁ imaṁ bhikkhuṁ addasaṁ akusalaṁ āpajjamānaṁ kañcideva desaṁ kāyena. 
But since they did commit that offense, I did see them. 
Disvā ca panāhaṁ imaṁ bhikkhuṁ akusalaṁ āpajjamānaṁ kañcideva desaṁ kāyena anattamano ahosiṁ. 
When I saw them, I was upset, 
“Akusalaṁ, bhikkhave, pajahatha. 
“Mendicants, give up the unskillful. 
Sakkā, bhikkhave, akusalaṁ pajahituṁ. 
It is possible to give up the unskillful. 
No cedaṁ, bhikkhave, sakkā abhavissa akusalaṁ pajahituṁ, nāhaṁ evaṁ vadeyyaṁ: 
If it wasn’t possible, I wouldn’t say: 
‘akusalaṁ, bhikkhave, pajahathā’ti. 
‘Give up the unskillful.’ 
Yasmā ca kho, bhikkhave, sakkā akusalaṁ pajahituṁ tasmāhaṁ evaṁ vadāmi: 
But it is possible, and so I say: 
‘akusalaṁ, bhikkhave, pajahathā’ti. 
‘Give up the unskillful.’ 
Akusalañca hidaṁ, bhikkhave, pahīnaṁ ahitāya dukkhāya saṁvatteyya nāhaṁ evaṁ vadeyyaṁ: 
And if giving up the unskillful led to harm and suffering, I would not say: 
Akusalañca hidaṁ, bhikkhave → akusalaṁ bhikkhave (mr) 
‘akusalaṁ, bhikkhave, pajahathā’ti. 
‘Give up the unskillful.’ 
Yasmā ca kho, bhikkhave, akusalaṁ pahīnaṁ hitāya sukhāya saṁvattati tasmāhaṁ evaṁ vadāmi: 
But giving up the unskillful leads to welfare and happiness, so I say: 
‘akusalaṁ, bhikkhave, pajahathā’”ti. 
‘Give up the unskillful.’ 
“Kusalaṁ, bhikkhave, bhāvetha. 
Mendicants, develop the skillful. 
Sakkā, bhikkhave, kusalaṁ bhāvetuṁ. 
It is possible to develop the skillful. 
No cedaṁ, bhikkhave, sakkā abhavissa kusalaṁ bhāvetuṁ, nāhaṁ evaṁ vadeyyaṁ: 
If it wasn’t possible, I wouldn’t say: 
‘kusalaṁ, bhikkhave, bhāvethā’ti. 
‘Develop the skillful.’ 
Yasmā ca kho, bhikkhave, sakkā kusalaṁ bhāvetuṁ tasmāhaṁ evaṁ vadāmi: 
But it is possible, and so I say: 
‘kusalaṁ, bhikkhave, bhāvethā’ti. 
‘Develop the skillful.’ 
Kusalañca hidaṁ, bhikkhave, bhāvitaṁ ahitāya dukkhāya saṁvatteyya, nāhaṁ evaṁ vadeyyaṁ: 
If developing the skillful led to harm and suffering I wouldn’t say: 
‘kusalaṁ, bhikkhave, bhāvethā’ti. 
‘Develop the skillful.’ 
Yasmā ca kho, bhikkhave, kusalaṁ bhāvitaṁ hitāya sukhāya saṁvattati tasmāhaṁ evaṁ vadāmi: 
But developing the skillful leads to welfare and happiness, so I say: 
‘kusalaṁ, bhikkhave, bhāvethā’”ti. 
‘Develop the skillful.’” 

“Akiriyaṁ kho ahaṁ, brāhmaṇa, vadāmi kāyaduccaritassa vacīduccaritassa manoduccaritassa, anekavihitānaṁ pāpakānaṁ akusalānaṁ dhammānaṁ akiriyaṁ vadāmi.  “I teach inaction regarding bad bodily, verbal, and mental conduct, and the many kinds of unskillful things. 
Kiriyañca kho ahaṁ, brāhmaṇa, vadāmi kāyasucaritassa vacīsucaritassa manosucaritassa, anekavihitānaṁ kusalānaṁ dhammānaṁ kiriyaṁ vadāmi. 
I teach action regarding good bodily, verbal, and mental conduct, and the many kinds of skillful things. 
Gihī vā, bhikkhave, pabbajito vā micchāpaṭipanno micchāpaṭipattādhikaraṇahetu na ārādhako hoti ñāyaṁ dhammaṁ kusalaṁ. 
Because of wrong practice, neither laypeople nor renunciates succeed in completing the system of the skillful teaching. 
Gihī vā, bhikkhave, pabbajito vā sammāpaṭipanno sammāpaṭipattādhikaraṇahetu ārādhako hoti ñāyaṁ dhammaṁ kusalan”ti. 
Because of right practice, both laypeople and renunciates succeed in completing the system of the skillful teaching.” 

“Sanimittā, bhikkhave, uppajjanti pāpakā akusalā dhammā, no animittā.  “Bad, unskillful qualities, mendicants, arise with a basis, not without a basis. 
Tasseva nimittassa pahānā evaṁ te pāpakā akusalā dhammā na hontī”ti. 
By giving up that basis, those bad, unskillful qualities do not occur.” 
“Sanidānā, bhikkhave, uppajjanti pāpakā akusalā dhammā, no anidānā. 
“Bad, unskillful qualities, mendicants, arise with a source, not without a source. 
Tasseva nidānassa pahānā evaṁ te pāpakā akusalā dhammā na hontī”ti. 
By giving up that source, those bad, unskillful qualities do not occur.” 
“Sahetukā, bhikkhave, uppajjanti pāpakā akusalā dhammā, no ahetukā. 
“Bad, unskillful qualities, mendicants, arise with a cause, not without a cause. 
Tasseva hetussa pahānā evaṁ te pāpakā akusalā dhammā na hontī”ti. 
By giving up that cause, those bad, unskillful qualities do not occur.” 
“Sasaṅkhārā, bhikkhave, uppajjanti pāpakā akusalā dhammā, no asaṅkhārā. 
“Bad, unskillful qualities, mendicants, arise with conditions, not without conditions. 
Tesaṁyeva saṅkhārānaṁ pahānā evaṁ te pāpakā akusalā dhammā na hontī”ti. 
By giving up those conditions, those bad, unskillful qualities do not occur.” 
“Sappaccayā, bhikkhave, uppajjanti pāpakā akusalā dhammā, no appaccayā. 
“Bad, unskillful qualities, mendicants, arise with a reason, not without a reason. 
Tasseva paccayassa pahānā evaṁ te pāpakā akusalā dhammā na hontī”ti. 
By giving up that reason, those bad, unskillful qualities do not occur.” 
“Sarūpā, bhikkhave, uppajjanti pāpakā akusalā dhammā, no arūpā. 
“Bad, unskillful qualities, mendicants, arise with form, not without form. 
Tasseva rūpassa pahānā evaṁ te pāpakā akusalā dhammā na hontī”ti. 
By giving up that form, those bad, unskillful qualities do not occur.” 
“Savedanā, bhikkhave, uppajjanti pāpakā akusalā dhammā, no avedanā. 
“Bad, unskillful qualities, mendicants, arise with feeling, not without feeling. 
Tassāyeva vedanāya pahānā evaṁ te pāpakā akusalā dhammā na hontī”ti. 
By giving up that feeling, those bad, unskillful qualities do not occur.” 
“Sasaññā, bhikkhave, uppajjanti pāpakā akusalā dhammā, no asaññā. 
“Bad, unskillful qualities, mendicants, arise with perception, not without perception. 
Tassāyeva saññāya pahānā evaṁ te pāpakā akusalā dhammā na hontī”ti. 
By giving up that perception, those bad, unskillful qualities do not occur.” 
“Saviññāṇā, bhikkhave, uppajjanti pāpakā akusalā dhammā, no aviññāṇā. 
“Bad, unskillful qualities, mendicants, arise with consciousness, not without consciousness. 
Tasseva viññāṇassa pahānā evaṁ te pāpakā akusalā dhammā na hontī”ti. 
By giving up that consciousness, those bad, unskillful qualities do not occur.” 
“Saṅkhatārammaṇā, bhikkhave, uppajjanti pāpakā akusalā dhammā, no asaṅkhatārammaṇā. 
“Bad, unskillful qualities, mendicants, arise with a conditioned basis, not without a conditioned basis. 
Tasseva saṅkhatassa pahānā evaṁ te pāpakā akusalā dhammā na hontī”ti. 
By giving up that conditioned basis, those bad, unskillful qualities do not occur.” 

Dhātukusalatā ca manasikārakusalatā ca.  Skill in the elements and skill in application of mind. 
Āpattikusalatā ca āpattivuṭṭhānakusalatā ca. 
Skill in offenses and skill in resolving offenses. 

Samāpattikusalatā ca samāpattivuṭṭhānakusalatā ca.  Skill in meditative attainments and skill in emerging from those attainments. 
Asantuṭṭhitā ca kusalesu dhammesu, appaṭivānitā ca padhānasmiṁ. 
To never be content with skillful qualities, and to never stop trying. 

17. Akusalapeyyāla  The Chapter of Abbreviated Texts Beginning With the Unskillful 
“Dveme, bhikkhave, dhammā akusalā … dveme, bhikkhave, dhammā kusalā … dveme, bhikkhave, dhammā sāvajjā … dveme, bhikkhave, dhammā anavajjā … dveme, bhikkhave, dhammā dukkhudrayā … dveme, bhikkhave, dhammā sukhudrayā … dveme, bhikkhave, dhammā dukkhavipākā … dveme, bhikkhave, dhammā sukhavipākā … dveme, bhikkhave, dhammā sabyābajjhā … dveme, bhikkhave, dhammā abyābajjhā. 
“These two things are unskillful … are skillful … are blameworthy … are blameless … have suffering as outcome … have happiness as outcome … result in suffering … result in happiness … are hurtful … are not hurtful. 
Akusalapeyyālaṁ niṭṭhitaṁ. 

Saṅghasuṭṭhutāya saṅghaphāsutāya … dummaṅkūnaṁ puggalānaṁ niggahāya, pesalānaṁ bhikkhūnaṁ phāsuvihārāya … diṭṭhadhammikānaṁ āsavānaṁ saṁvarāya, samparāyikānaṁ āsavānaṁ paṭighātāya … diṭṭhadhammikānaṁ verānaṁ saṁvarāya, samparāyikānaṁ verānaṁ paṭighātāya … diṭṭhadhammikānaṁ vajjānaṁ saṁvarāya, samparāyikānaṁ vajjānaṁ paṭighātāya … diṭṭhadhammikānaṁ bhayānaṁ saṁvarāya, samparāyikānaṁ bhayānaṁ paṭighātāya … diṭṭhadhammikānaṁ akusalānaṁ dhammānaṁ saṁvarāya, samparāyikānaṁ akusalānaṁ dhammānaṁ paṭighātāya … gihīnaṁ anukampāya, pāpicchānaṁ bhikkhūnaṁ pakkhupacchedāya … appasannānaṁ pasādāya, pasannānaṁ bhiyyobhāvāya … saddhammaṭṭhitiyā vinayānuggahāya.  For the well-being and comfort of the Saṅgha … For keeping difficult persons in check and for the comfort of good-hearted mendicants … For restraining defilements that affect the present life and protecting against defilements that affect lives to come … For restraining threats to the present life and protecting against threats to lives to come … For restraining faults that affect the present life and protecting against faults that affect lives to come … For restraining hazards that affect the present life and protecting against hazards that affect lives to come … For restraining unskillful qualities that affect the present life and protecting against unskillful qualities that affect lives to come … Out of sympathy for laypeople and for breaking up factions of mendicants with corrupt wishes … For inspiring confidence in those without it, and increasing confidence in those who have it … For the continuation of the true teaching and the support of the training. 
Saṅghasuṭṭhutāya, saṅghaphāsutāya … dummaṅkūnaṁ puggalānaṁ niggahāya, pesalānaṁ bhikkhūnaṁ phāsuvihārāya … diṭṭhadhammikānaṁ āsavānaṁ saṁvarāya, samparāyikānaṁ āsavānaṁ paṭighātāya … diṭṭhadhammikānaṁ verānaṁ saṁvarāya, samparāyikānaṁ verānaṁ paṭighātāya … diṭṭhadhammikānaṁ vajjānaṁ saṁvarāya, samparāyikānaṁ vajjānaṁ paṭighātāya … diṭṭhadhammikānaṁ bhayānaṁ saṁvarāya, samparāyikānaṁ bhayānaṁ paṭighātāya … diṭṭhadhammikānaṁ akusalānaṁ dhammānaṁ saṁvarāya, samparāyikānaṁ akusalānaṁ dhammānaṁ paṭighātāya … gihīnaṁ anukampāya, pāpicchānaṁ bhikkhūnaṁ pakkhupacchedāya … appasannānaṁ pasādāya, pasannānaṁ bhiyyobhāvāya … saddhammaṭṭhitiyā, vinayānuggahāya. 
For the well-being and comfort of the Saṅgha … For keeping difficult persons in check and for the comfort of good-hearted mendicants … For restraining defilements that affect the present life and protecting against defilements that affect lives to come … For restraining threats to the present life and protecting against threats to lives to come … For restraining faults that affect the present life and protecting against faults that affect lives to come … For restraining hazards that affect the present life and protecting against hazards that affect lives to come … For restraining unskillful qualities that affect the present life and protecting against unskillful qualities that affect lives to come … Out of sympathy for laypeople and for breaking up factions of mendicants with corrupt wishes … For inspiring confidence in those without it, and increasing confidence in those who have it … For the continuation of the true teaching and the support of the training. 

Akusalasutta  Unskillful 
Akusalena kāyakammena, akusalena vacīkammena, akusalena manokammena. 
Unskillful deeds by way of body, speech, and mind. 
Kusalena kāyakammena, kusalena vacīkammena, kusalena manokammena. 
Skillful deeds by way of body, speech, and mind. 

Akusalañca sāvajjaṁ,  " 

Tadāhaṁ, bhikkhave, kusalo dāruvaṅkānaṁ dārudosānaṁ dārukasāvānaṁ.  Then I was skilled in the crooks, flaws, and defects of wood. 
Etarahi kho panāhaṁ, bhikkhave, arahaṁ sammāsambuddho kusalo kāyavaṅkānaṁ kāyadosānaṁ kāyakasāvānaṁ, kusalo vacīvaṅkānaṁ vacīdosānaṁ vacīkasāvānaṁ, kusalo manovaṅkānaṁ manodosānaṁ manokasāvānaṁ. 
Now that I am a perfected one, a fully awakened Buddha, I am skilled in the crooks, flaws, and defects of actions by body, speech, and mind. 

Yatvādhikaraṇamenaṁ cakkhundriyaṁ asaṁvutaṁ viharantaṁ abhijjhādomanassā pāpakā akusalā dhammā anvāssaveyyuṁ tassa saṁvarāya paṭipajjati, rakkhati cakkhundriyaṁ, cakkhundriye saṁvaraṁ āpajjati.  If the faculty of sight were left unrestrained, bad unskillful qualities of covetousness and displeasure would become overwhelming. For this reason, they practice restraint, protecting the faculty of sight, and achieving its restraint. 
Yatvādhikaraṇamenaṁ manindriyaṁ asaṁvutaṁ viharantaṁ abhijjhādomanassā pāpakā akusalā dhammā anvāssaveyyuṁ tassa saṁvarāya paṭipajjati, rakkhati manindriyaṁ, manindriye saṁvaraṁ āpajjati. 
If the faculty of mind were left unrestrained, bad unskillful qualities of covetousness and displeasure would become overwhelming. For this reason, they practice restraint, protecting the faculty of mind, and achieving its restraint. 

Evamevaṁ kho, bhikkhave, tīhi dhammehi samannāgato bhikkhu abhabbo anadhigataṁ vā kusalaṁ dhammaṁ adhigantuṁ, adhigataṁ vā kusalaṁ dhammaṁ phātiṁ kātuṁ.  In the same way, a mendicant who has three qualities is unable to acquire more skillful qualities or to increase the skillful qualities they’ve already acquired. 
Imehi kho, bhikkhave, tīhi dhammehi samannāgato bhikkhu abhabbo anadhigataṁ vā kusalaṁ dhammaṁ adhigantuṁ, adhigataṁ vā kusalaṁ dhammaṁ phātiṁ kātuṁ. 
A mendicant who has these three qualities is unable to acquire more skillful qualities or to increase the skillful qualities they’ve already acquired. 
Evamevaṁ kho, bhikkhave, tīhi dhammehi samannāgato bhikkhu bhabbo anadhigataṁ vā kusalaṁ dhammaṁ adhigantuṁ, adhigataṁ vā kusalaṁ dhammaṁ phātiṁ kātuṁ. 
In the same way, a mendicant who has three qualities is able to acquire more skillful qualities or to increase the skillful qualities they’ve already acquired. 
Imehi kho, bhikkhave, tīhi dhammehi samannāgato bhikkhu bhabbo anadhigataṁ vā kusalaṁ dhammaṁ adhigantuṁ, adhigataṁ vā kusalaṁ dhammaṁ phātiṁ kātun”ti. 
A mendicant who has these three qualities is able to acquire more skillful qualities or to increase the skillful qualities they’ve already acquired.” 

Idha, bhikkhave, pāpaṇiko kusalo hoti paṇiyaṁ ketuñca vikketuñca.  It’s when a shopkeeper is skilled in buying and selling products. 
Evamevaṁ kho, bhikkhave, tīhi dhammehi samannāgato bhikkhu nacirasseva mahattaṁ vepullattaṁ pāpuṇāti kusalesu dhammesu. 
In the same way, a mendicant who has three qualities soon acquires great and abundant skillful qualities. 
Idha, bhikkhave, bhikkhu āraddhavīriyo viharati akusalānaṁ dhammānaṁ pahānāya, kusalānaṁ dhammānaṁ upasampadāya, thāmavā daḷhaparakkamo anikkhittadhuro kusalesu dhammesu. 
It’s when a mendicant lives with energy roused up for giving up unskillful qualities and embracing skillful qualities. They are strong, staunchly vigorous, not slacking off when it comes to developing skillful qualities. 
Imehi kho, bhikkhave, tīhi dhammehi samannāgato bhikkhu nacirasseva mahattaṁ vepullattaṁ pāpuṇāti kusalesu dhammesū”ti. 
A mendicant who has these three qualities soon acquires great and abundant skillful qualities.” 

Idha, bhikkhave, ekacco puggalo labhanto vā tathāgataṁ dassanāya alabhanto vā tathāgataṁ dassanāya, labhanto vā tathāgatappaveditaṁ dhammavinayaṁ savanāya alabhanto vā tathāgatappaveditaṁ dhammavinayaṁ savanāya neva okkamati niyāmaṁ kusalesu dhammesu sammattaṁ.  Some people don’t enter the sure path with regards to skillful qualities, regardless of whether or not they get to see a Realized One, and to hear the teaching and training that he proclaims. 
Idha, pana, bhikkhave, ekacco puggalo labhanto vā tathāgataṁ dassanāya alabhanto vā tathāgataṁ dassanāya, labhanto vā tathāgatappaveditaṁ dhammavinayaṁ savanāya alabhanto vā tathāgatappaveditaṁ dhammavinayaṁ savanāya okkamati niyāmaṁ kusalesu dhammesu sammattaṁ. 
Some people do enter the sure path with regards to skillful qualities, regardless of whether or not they get to see a Realized One, and to hear the teaching and training that he proclaims. 
Idha pana, bhikkhave, ekacco puggalo labhantova tathāgataṁ dassanāya no alabhanto, labhantova tathāgatappaveditaṁ dhammavinayaṁ savanāya no alabhanto okkamati niyāmaṁ kusalesu dhammesu sammattaṁ. 
Some people can enter the sure path with regards to skillful qualities, but only if they get to see a Realized One, and to hear the teaching and training that he proclaims, and not when they don’t get those things. 
Tatra, bhikkhave, yvāyaṁ puggalo labhantova tathāgataṁ dassanāya no alabhanto, labhantova tathāgatappaveditaṁ dhammavinayaṁ savanāya no alabhanto okkamati niyāmaṁ kusalesu dhammesu sammattaṁ, imaṁ kho, bhikkhave, puggalaṁ paṭicca dhammadesanā anuññātā. 
Now, it’s for the sake of this last person that teaching the Dhamma is prescribed, that is, the one who can enter the sure path with regards to skillful qualities, but only if they get to see a Realized One, and to hear the teaching and training that he proclaims. 

tathārūpampissa cakkhu na hoti yathārūpena cakkhunā kusalākusale dhamme jāneyya, sāvajjānavajje dhamme jāneyya, hīnappaṇīte dhamme jāneyya, kaṇhasukkasappaṭibhāge dhamme jāneyya.  Nor do they have the kind of vision that’s needed to know the difference between qualities that are skillful and unskillful, blameworthy and blameless, inferior and superior, and those on the side of dark and bright. 
tathārūpaṁ panassa cakkhu na hoti yathārūpena cakkhunā kusalākusale dhamme jāneyya, sāvajjānavajje dhamme jāneyya, hīnappaṇīte dhamme jāneyya, kaṇhasukkasappaṭibhāge dhamme jāneyya. 
But they don’t have the kind of vision that’s needed to know the difference between qualities that are skillful and unskillful, blameworthy and blameless, inferior and superior, and those on the side of dark and bright. 
tathārūpampissa cakkhu hoti yathārūpena cakkhunā kusalākusale dhamme jāneyya; 
And they have the kind of vision that’s needed to know the difference between skillful and unskillful, blameworthy and blameless, inferior and superior, or qualities on the side of dark and bright. 
Kusalo hoti saṅghātuṁ, 
the young man’s skilled at piling up money, 

So attānaṁyeva adhipatiṁ karitvā akusalaṁ pajahati, kusalaṁ bhāveti, sāvajjaṁ pajahati, anavajjaṁ bhāveti, suddhaṁ attānaṁ pariharati.  Putting themselves in charge, they give up the unskillful and develop the skillful, they give up the blameworthy and develop the blameless, and they keep themselves pure. 
‘passatha, bho, imaṁ kulaputtaṁ saddhā agārasmā anagāriyaṁ pabbajito samāno vokiṇṇo viharati pāpakehi akusalehi dhammehī’ti. 
“Look at this gentleman; he’s gone forth out of faith from the lay life to homelessness, but he’s living mixed up with bad, unskillful qualities.” 
‘passatha, bho, imaṁ kulaputtaṁ saddhā agārasmā anagāriyaṁ pabbajito samāno vokiṇṇo viharati pāpakehi akusalehi dhammehī’ti. 
“Look at this gentleman; he’s gone forth out of faith from the lay life to homelessness, but he’s living mixed up with bad, unskillful qualities.”’ 
So lokaṁyeva adhipatiṁ karitvā akusalaṁ pajahati, kusalaṁ bhāveti, sāvajjaṁ pajahati, anavajjaṁ bhāveti, suddhaṁ attānaṁ pariharati. 
Putting the world in charge, they give up the unskillful and develop the skillful, they give up the blameworthy and develop the blameless, and they keep themselves pure. 
So dhammaṁyeva adhipatiṁ karitvā akusalaṁ pajahati, kusalaṁ bhāveti, sāvajjaṁ pajahati, anavajjaṁ bhāveti, suddhaṁ attānaṁ pariharati. 
Putting the teaching in charge, they give up the unskillful and develop the skillful, they give up the blameworthy and develop the blameless, and they keep themselves pure. 

Anuppannānaṁ pāpakānaṁ akusalānaṁ dhammānaṁ anuppādāya ātappaṁ karaṇīyaṁ, anuppannānaṁ kusalānaṁ dhammānaṁ uppādāya ātappaṁ karaṇīyaṁ, uppannānaṁ sārīrikānaṁ vedanānaṁ dukkhānaṁ tibbānaṁ kharānaṁ kaṭukānaṁ asātānaṁ amanāpānaṁ pāṇaharānaṁ adhivāsanāya ātappaṁ karaṇīyaṁ.  You should be keen to prevent bad, unskillful qualities from arising. You should be keen to give rise to skillful qualities. And you should be keen to endure physical pain—sharp, severe, acute, unpleasant, disagreeable, life-threatening. 
Yato kho, bhikkhave, bhikkhu anuppannānaṁ pāpakānaṁ akusalānaṁ dhammānaṁ anuppādāya ātappaṁ karoti, anuppannānaṁ kusalānaṁ dhammānaṁ uppādāya ātappaṁ karoti, uppannānaṁ sārīrikānaṁ vedanānaṁ dukkhānaṁ tibbānaṁ kharānaṁ kaṭukānaṁ asātānaṁ amanāpānaṁ pāṇaharānaṁ adhivāsanāya ātappaṁ karoti. 
It’s a mendicant who is keen to prevent bad, unskillful qualities from arising. They’re keen to give rise to skillful qualities. And they’re keen to endure physical pain—sharp, severe, acute, unpleasant, disagreeable, life-threatening. 

te camhā akatakalyāṇā akatakusalā akatabhīruttāṇā.  And we haven’t done what is good and skillful, nor have we made a shelter from fear. 
te cattha akatakalyāṇā akatakusalā akatabhīruttāṇā. 
And you haven’t done what is good and skillful, nor have you made a shelter from fear. 

te camhā akatakalyāṇā akatakusalā akatabhīruttāṇā.  And we haven’t done what is good and skillful, nor have we made a shelter from fear. 
te cattha akatakalyāṇā akatakusalā akatabhīruttāṇā. 
And you haven’t done what is good and skillful, nor have you made a shelter from fear. 

“Idha, brāhmaṇa, bhikkhu vivicceva kāmehi vivicca akusalehi dhammehi savitakkaṁ savicāraṁ vivekajaṁ pītisukhaṁ paṭhamaṁ jhānaṁ upasampajja viharati.  “Brahmin, it’s when a mendicant, quite secluded from sensual pleasures, secluded from unskillful qualities, enters and remains in the first absorption, which has the rapture and bliss born of seclusion, while placing the mind and keeping it connected. 

Seyyathāpi, bho gotama, nekkhaṁ jambonadaṁ dakkhakammāraputtasuparikammakataṁ ukkāmukhe sukusalasampahaṭṭhaṁ paṇḍukambale nikkhittaṁ bhāsate ca tapate ca virocati ca;  or a pendant of Black Plum River gold, fashioned by a deft smith, well-wrought in the forge, and placed on a cream rug where it shines and glows and radiates. 
So vivicceva kāmehi vivicca akusalehi dhammehi savitakkaṁ savicāraṁ vivekajaṁ pītisukhaṁ paṭhamaṁ jhānaṁ upasampajja viharāmi; 
Quite secluded from sensual pleasures, secluded from unskillful qualities, I enter and remain in the first absorption, which has the rapture and bliss born of seclusion, while placing the mind and keeping it connected. 

‘ime dhammā akusalā, ime dhammā sāvajjā, ime dhammā viññugarahitā, ime dhammā samattā samādinnā ahitāya dukkhāya saṁvattantī’ti, atha tumhe, kālāmā, pajaheyyātha.  ‘These things are unskillful, blameworthy, criticized by sensible people, and when you undertake them, they lead to harm and suffering’, then you should give them up. 
“Taṁ kiṁ maññatha, kālāmā, ime dhammā kusalā vā akusalā vā”ti? 
“What do you think, Kālāmas, are these things skillful or unskillful?” 
“Akusalā, bhante”. 
“Unskillful, sir.” 
“ime dhammā akusalā, ime dhammā sāvajjā, ime dhammā viññugarahitā, ime dhammā samattā samādinnā ahitāya dukkhāya saṁvattantīti, atha tumhe, kālāmā, pajaheyyāthā”’ti, 
“These things are unskillful, blameworthy, criticized by sensible people, and when you undertake them, they lead to harm and suffering”, then you should give them up.’ 
‘ime dhammā kusalā, ime dhammā anavajjā, ime dhammā viññuppasatthā, ime dhammā samattā samādinnā hitāya sukhāya saṁvattantī’ti, atha tumhe, kālāmā, upasampajja vihareyyātha. 
‘These things are skillful, blameless, praised by sensible people, and when you undertake them, they lead to welfare and happiness’, then you should acquire them and keep them. 
“Taṁ kiṁ maññatha, kālāmā, ime dhammā kusalā vā akusalā vā”ti? 
“What do you think, Kālāmas, are these things skillful or unskillful?” 
“Kusalā, bhante”. 
“Skillful, sir.” 
ime dhammā kusalā, ime dhammā anavajjā, ime dhammā viññuppasatthā, ime dhammā samattā samādinnā hitāya sukhāya saṁvattantīti, atha tumhe, kālāmā, upasampajja vihareyyāthā’ti, 
“These things are skillful, blameless, praised by sensible people, and when you undertake them, they lead to welfare and happiness”, then you should acquire them and keep them.’ 

Yadā tumhe, sāḷhā, attanāva jāneyyātha ‘ime dhammā akusalā, ime dhammā sāvajjā, ime dhammā viññugarahitā, ime dhammā samattā samādinnā ahitāya dukkhāya saṁvattantī’ti, atha tumhe, sāḷhā, pajaheyyātha.  But when you know for yourselves: ‘These things are unskillful, blameworthy, criticized by sensible people, and when you undertake them, they lead to harm and suffering’, then you should give them up. 
“Taṁ kiṁ maññatha, sāḷhā, ime dhammā kusalā vā akusalā vā”ti? 
“What do you think, Sāḷha, are these things skillful or unskillful?” 
“Akusalā, bhante”. 
“Unskillful, sir.” 
ime dhammā akusalā, ime dhammā sāvajjā, ime dhammā viññugarahitā, ime dhammā samattā samādinnā ahitāya dukkhāya saṁvattantīti, atha tumhe, sāḷhā, pajaheyyāthā’ti, 
“These things are unskillful, blameworthy, criticized by sensible people, and when you undertake them, they lead to harm and suffering”, then you should give them up.’ 
‘ime dhammā kusalā, ime dhammā anavajjā, ime dhammā viññuppasatthā, ime dhammā samattā samādinnā hitāya sukhāya saṁvattantī’ti, atha tumhe, sāḷhā, upasampajja vihareyyātha. 
‘These things are skillful, blameless, praised by sensible people, and when you undertake them, they lead to welfare and happiness’, then you should acquire them and keep them. 
“Taṁ kiṁ maññatha, sāḷhā, ime dhammā kusalā vā akusalā vā”ti? 
“What do you think, Sāḷha, are these things skillful or unskillful?” 
“Kusalā, bhante”. 
“Skillful, sir.” 
ime dhammā kusalā, ime dhammā anavajjā, ime dhammā viññuppasatthā, ime dhammā samattā samādinnā dīgharattaṁ hitāya sukhāya saṁvattantīti, atha tumhe, sāḷhā, upasampajja vihareyyāthā’ti, 
“These things are skillful, blameless, praised by sensible people, and when you undertake them, they lead to welfare and happiness”, then you should acquire them and keep them.’ 
‘ahu pubbe lobho, tadahu akusalaṁ, so etarahi natthi, iccetaṁ kusalaṁ; 
‘Formerly there was greed, which was unskillful. Now there is none, so that’s skillful. 
ahu pubbe moho, tadahu akusalaṁ, so etarahi natthi, iccetaṁ kusalan’ti. 
Formerly there was delusion, which was unskillful. Now there is none, so that’s skillful.’ 

Akusalamūlasutta  Unskillful Roots 
“Tīṇimāni, bhikkhave, akusalamūlāni. 
“Mendicants, there are these three unskillful roots. 
Lobho akusalamūlaṁ, doso akusalamūlaṁ, moho akusalamūlaṁ. 
Greed, hate, and delusion. 
Yadapi, bhikkhave, lobho tadapi akusalamūlaṁ; 
Greed is a root of the unskillful. 
akusalamūlaṁ → akusalaṁ (bj, sya-all, km, pts1ed) 
yadapi luddho abhisaṅkharoti kāyena vācāya manasā tadapi akusalaṁ; 
When a greedy person chooses to act by way of body, speech, or mind, that too is unskillful. 
vācāya → vācā (bj) | akusalaṁ → akusalamūlaṁ (mr) 
yadapi luddho lobhena abhibhūto pariyādinnacitto parassa asatā dukkhaṁ uppādayati vadhena vā bandhanena vā jāniyā vā garahāya vā pabbājanāya vā balavamhi balattho itipi tadapi akusalaṁ. 
When a greedy person, overcome by greed, causes another to suffer under a false pretext—by execution or imprisonment or confiscation or condemnation or banishment—thinking ‘I’m powerful, I want power’, that too is unskillful. 
uppādayati → upadahati (bj, sya-all, km, pts1ed) | akusalaṁ → idaṁ pana sabbatthapi evameva 
Itissame lobhajā lobhanidānā lobhasamudayā lobhapaccayā aneke pāpakā akusalā dhammā sambhavanti. 
And so these many bad, unskillful things are produced in them, born, sourced, originated, and conditioned by greed. 
Yadapi, bhikkhave, doso tadapi akusalamūlaṁ; 
Hate is a root of the unskillful. 
yadapi duṭṭho abhisaṅkharoti kāyena vācāya manasā tadapi akusalaṁ; 
When a hateful person chooses to act by way of body, speech, or mind, that too is unskillful. 
yadapi duṭṭho dosena abhibhūto pariyādinnacitto parassa asatā dukkhaṁ uppādayati vadhena vā bandhanena vā jāniyā vā garahāya vā pabbājanāya vā balavamhi balattho itipi tadapi akusalaṁ. 
When a hateful person, overcome by hate, causes another to suffer under a false pretext—by execution or imprisonment or confiscation or condemnation or banishment—thinking ‘I’m powerful, I want power’, that too is unskillful. 
Itissame dosajā dosanidānā dosasamudayā dosapaccayā aneke pāpakā akusalā dhammā sambhavanti. 
And so these many bad, unskillful things are produced in them, born, sourced, originated, and conditioned by hate. 
Yadapi, bhikkhave, moho tadapi akusalamūlaṁ; 
Delusion is a root of the unskillful. 
yadapi mūḷho abhisaṅkharoti kāyena vācāya manasā tadapi akusalaṁ; 
When a deluded person chooses to act by way of body, speech, or mind, that too is unskillful. 
yadapi mūḷho mohena abhibhūto pariyādinnacitto parassa asatā dukkhaṁ uppādayati vadhena vā bandhanena vā jāniyā vā garahāya vā pabbājanāya vā balavamhi balattho itipi tadapi akusalaṁ. 
When a deluded person, overcome by delusion, causes another to suffer under a false pretext—by execution or imprisonment or confiscation or condemnation or banishment—thinking ‘I’m powerful, I want power’, that too is unskillful. 
Itissame mohajā mohanidānā mohasamudayā mohapaccayā aneke pāpakā akusalā dhammā sambhavanti. 
And so these many bad, unskillful things are produced in them, born, sourced, originated, and conditioned by delusion. 
Evarūpo, bhikkhave, puggalo lobhajehi pāpakehi akusalehi dhammehi abhibhūto pariyādinnacitto diṭṭhe ceva dhamme dukkhaṁ viharati, savighātaṁ saupāyāsaṁ sapariḷāhaṁ. 
Such a person—overcome with bad, unskillful qualities born of greed, hate, and delusion—suffers in the present life, with distress, anguish, and fever. 
mohajehi pāpakehi akusalehi dhammehi abhibhūto pariyādinnacitto diṭṭhe ceva dhamme dukkhaṁ viharati, savighātaṁ saupāyāsaṁ sapariḷāhaṁ. 
 
evamevaṁ kho, bhikkhave, evarūpo puggalo lobhajehi pāpakehi akusalehi dhammehi abhibhūto pariyādinnacitto diṭṭhe ceva dhamme dukkhaṁ viharati, savighātaṁ saupāyāsaṁ sapariḷāhaṁ. 
In the same way, such a person—overcome with bad, unskillful qualities born of greed, hate, and delusion—suffers in the present life, with distress, anguish, and fever. 
mohajehi pāpakehi akusalehi dhammehi abhibhūto pariyādinnacitto diṭṭhe ceva dhamme dukkhaṁ viharati savighātaṁ saupāyāsaṁ sapariḷāhaṁ. 
 
Imāni kho, bhikkhave, tīṇi akusalamūlānīti. 
These are the three unskillful roots. 
Tīṇimāni, bhikkhave, kusalamūlāni. 
There are these three skillful roots. 
Alobho kusalamūlaṁ, adoso kusalamūlaṁ, amoho kusalamūlaṁ. 
Contentment, love, and understanding. 
Yadapi, bhikkhave, alobho tadapi kusalamūlaṁ; 
Contentment is a root of the skillful. 
kusalamūlaṁ → kusalaṁ (bj, sya-all, km, pts1ed) 
yadapi aluddho abhisaṅkharoti kāyena vācāya manasā tadapi kusalaṁ; 
When a contented person chooses to act by way of body, speech, or mind, that too is skillful. 
kusalaṁ → kusalamūlaṁ (mr) 
yadapi aluddho lobhena anabhibhūto apariyādinnacitto na parassa asatā dukkhaṁ uppādayati vadhena vā bandhanena vā jāniyā vā garahāya vā pabbājanāya vā balavamhi balattho itipi tadapi kusalaṁ. 
When a contented person, not overcome by greed, doesn’t cause another to suffer under a false pretext—by execution or imprisonment or confiscation or condemnation or banishment—thinking ‘I’m powerful, I want power’, that too is skillful. 
Itissame alobhajā alobhanidānā alobhasamudayā alobhapaccayā aneke kusalā dhammā sambhavanti. 
And so these many skillful things are produced in them, born, sourced, originated, and conditioned by contentment. 
Yadapi, bhikkhave, adoso tadapi kusalamūlaṁ; 
Love is a root of the skillful. 
yadapi aduṭṭho abhisaṅkharoti kāyena vācāya manasā tadapi kusalaṁ; 
When a loving person chooses to act by way of body, speech, or mind, that too is skillful. 
yadapi aduṭṭho dosena anabhibhūto apariyādinnacitto na parassa asatā dukkhaṁ uppādayati vadhena vā bandhanena vā jāniyā vā garahāya vā pabbājanāya vā balavamhi balattho itipi tadapi kusalaṁ. 
When a loving person, not overcome by hate, doesn’t cause another to suffer under a false pretext—by execution or imprisonment or confiscation or condemnation or banishment—thinking ‘I’m powerful, I want power’, that too is skillful. 
Itissame adosajā adosanidānā adosasamudayā adosapaccayā aneke kusalā dhammā sambhavanti. 
And so these many skillful things are produced in them, born, sourced, originated, and conditioned by love. 
Yadapi, bhikkhave, amoho tadapi kusalamūlaṁ; 
Understanding is a root of the skillful. 
yadapi amūḷho abhisaṅkharoti kāyena vācāya manasā tadapi kusalaṁ; 
When an understanding person chooses to act by way of body, speech, or mind, that too is skillful. 
yadapi amūḷho mohena anabhibhūto apariyādinnacitto na parassa asatā dukkhaṁ uppādayati vadhena vā bandhanena vā jāniyā vā garahāya vā pabbājanāya vā balavamhi balattho itipi tadapi kusalaṁ. 
When an understanding person, not overcome by delusion, doesn’t cause another to suffer under a false pretext—by execution or imprisonment or confiscation or condemnation or banishment—thinking ‘I’m powerful, I want power’, that too is skillful. 
Itissame amohajā amohanidānā amohasamudayā amohapaccayā aneke kusalā dhammā sambhavanti. 
And so these many skillful things are produced in them, born, sourced, originated, and conditioned by understanding. 
Evarūpassa, bhikkhave, puggalassa lobhajā pāpakā akusalā dhammā pahīnā ucchinnamūlā tālāvatthukatā anabhāvaṅkatā āyatiṁ anuppādadhammā. 
For such a person, bad unskillful qualities born of greed, hate, and delusion are cut off at the root, made like a palm stump, obliterated, and unable to arise in the future. 
Evamevaṁ kho, bhikkhave, evarūpassa puggalassa lobhajā pāpakā akusalā dhammā pahīnā ucchinnamūlā tālāvatthukatā anabhāvaṅkatā āyatiṁ anuppādadhammā. 
In the same way, for such a person, bad unskillful qualities born of greed, hate, and delusion are cut off at the root, made like a palm stump, obliterated, and unable to arise in the future. 
mohajā pāpakā akusalā dhammā pahīnā ucchinnamūlā tālāvatthukatā anabhāvaṅkatā āyatiṁ anuppādadhammā. 
 
Imāni kho, bhikkhave, tīṇi kusalamūlānī”ti. 
These are the three skillful roots.” 

“Yañhissa, bhante, sīlabbataṁ jīvitaṁ brahmacariyaṁ upaṭṭhānasāraṁ sevato akusalā dhammā abhivaḍḍhanti kusalā dhammā parihāyanti, evarūpaṁ sīlabbataṁ jīvitaṁ brahmacariyaṁ upaṭṭhānasāraṁ aphalaṁ.  “Take the case of someone who cultivates precepts and observances, a lifestyle, and a spiritual path, taking this as the essence. If unskillful qualities grow while skillful qualities decline, that’s not fruitful. 
Yañca khvāssa, bhante, sīlabbataṁ jīvitaṁ brahmacariyaṁ upaṭṭhānasāraṁ sevato akusalā dhammā parihāyanti, kusalā dhammā abhivaḍḍhanti, evarūpaṁ sīlabbataṁ jīvitaṁ brahmacariyaṁ upaṭṭhānasāraṁ saphalan”ti. 
However, if unskillful qualities decline while skillful qualities grow, that is fruitful.” 

So tvaṁ rāgassa pahānā dosassa pahānā mohassa pahānā yaṁ akusalaṁ na taṁ karissasi, yaṁ pāpaṁ na taṁ sevissasī”ti.  Then you won’t do anything unskillful, or practice anything bad.” 
So rāgassa pahānā dosassa pahānā mohassa pahānā yaṁ akusalaṁ taṁ nākāsi, yaṁ pāpaṁ taṁ na sevīti. 
Then he didn’t do anything unskillful, or practice anything bad. 

Accayo maṁ, bhante, accagamā yathābālaṁ yathāmūḷhaṁ yathāakusalaṁ yassa me bhagavati sikkhāpadapaṭisaṁyuttāya dhammiyā kathāya bhikkhū sandassente samādapente samuttejente sampahaṁsente ahudeva akkhanti ahu appaccayo:  “I have made a mistake, sir. It was foolish, stupid, and unskillful of me to become impatient and bitter when the Buddha was educating, encouraging, firing up, and inspiring the mendicants with a Dhamma talk about the training rules, and to think, 
“Taggha taṁ, kassapa, accayo accagamā yathābālaṁ yathāmūḷhaṁ yathāakusalaṁ, yassa te mayi sikkhāpadapaṭisaṁyuttāya dhammiyā kathāya bhikkhū sandassente samādapente samuttejente sampahaṁsente ahudeva akkhanti ahu appaccayo: 
“Indeed, Kassapa, you made a mistake. 

So vivicceva kāmehi vivicca akusalehi dhammehi savitakkaṁ savicāraṁ vivekajaṁ pītisukhaṁ paṭhamaṁ jhānaṁ upasampajja viharati.  Quite secluded from sensual pleasures, secluded from unskillful qualities, they enter and remain in the first absorption, which has the rapture and bliss born of seclusion, while placing the mind and keeping it connected. 

Idha, bhikkhave, bhikkhu āraddhavīriyo viharati akusalānaṁ dhammānaṁ pahānāya kusalānaṁ dhammānaṁ upasampadāya thāmavā daḷhaparakkamo anikkhittadhuro kusalesu dhammesu.  It’s when a mendicant lives with energy roused up for giving up unskillful qualities and embracing skillful qualities. They are strong, staunchly vigorous, not slacking off when it comes to developing skillful qualities. 

Idha, bhikkhave, bhikkhu āraddhavīriyo viharati akusalānaṁ dhammānaṁ pahānāya kusalānaṁ dhammānaṁ upasampadāya thāmavā daḷhaparakkamo anikkhittadhuro kusalesu dhammesu.  It’s when a mendicant lives with energy roused up for giving up unskillful qualities and embracing skillful qualities. They are strong, staunchly vigorous, not slacking off when it comes to developing skillful qualities. 

Idha, bhikkhave, bhikkhu āraddhavīriyo viharati akusalānaṁ dhammānaṁ pahānāya kusalānaṁ dhammānaṁ upasampadāya thāmavā daḷhaparakkamo anikkhittadhuro kusalesu dhammesu.  It’s when a mendicant lives with energy roused up for giving up unskillful qualities and embracing skillful qualities. They are strong, staunchly vigorous, not slacking off when it comes to developing skillful qualities. 

Yaṁ, bhikkhave, lobhapakataṁ kammaṁ lobhajaṁ lobhanidānaṁ lobhasamudayaṁ, taṁ kammaṁ akusalaṁ taṁ kammaṁ sāvajjaṁ taṁ kammaṁ dukkhavipākaṁ, taṁ kammaṁ kammasamudayāya saṁvattati, na taṁ kammaṁ kammanirodhāya saṁvattati.  Any deed that emerges from greed, hate, or delusion—born, sourced, and originated from greed, hate, or delusion—is unskillful, blameworthy, results in suffering, and leads to the creation of more deeds, not their cessation. 
Yaṁ, bhikkhave, dosapakataṁ kammaṁ dosajaṁ dosanidānaṁ dosasamudayaṁ, taṁ kammaṁ akusalaṁ taṁ kammaṁ sāvajjaṁ taṁ kammaṁ dukkhavipākaṁ, taṁ kammaṁ kammasamudayāya saṁvattati, na taṁ kammaṁ kammanirodhāya saṁvattati. 
 
Yaṁ, bhikkhave, mohapakataṁ kammaṁ mohajaṁ mohanidānaṁ mohasamudayaṁ, taṁ kammaṁ akusalaṁ taṁ kammaṁ sāvajjaṁ taṁ kammaṁ dukkhavipākaṁ, taṁ kammaṁ kammasamudayāya saṁvattati, na taṁ kammaṁ kammanirodhāya saṁvattati. 
 
Yaṁ, bhikkhave, alobhapakataṁ kammaṁ alobhajaṁ alobhanidānaṁ alobhasamudayaṁ, taṁ kammaṁ kusalaṁ taṁ kammaṁ anavajjaṁ taṁ kammaṁ sukhavipākaṁ, taṁ kammaṁ kammanirodhāya saṁvattati, na taṁ kammaṁ kammasamudayāya saṁvattati. 
Any deed that emerges from contentment, love, or understanding—born, sourced, and originated from contentment, love, or understanding—is skillful, blameless, results in happiness, and leads to the cessation of more deeds, not their creation. 
Yaṁ, bhikkhave, adosapakataṁ kammaṁ adosajaṁ adosanidānaṁ adosasamudayaṁ, taṁ kammaṁ kusalaṁ taṁ kammaṁ anavajjaṁ taṁ kammaṁ sukhavipākaṁ, taṁ kammaṁ kammanirodhāya saṁvattati, na taṁ kammaṁ kammasamudayāya saṁvattati. 
 
Yaṁ, bhikkhave, amohapakataṁ kammaṁ amohajaṁ amohanidānaṁ amohasamudayaṁ, taṁ kammaṁ kusalaṁ taṁ kammaṁ anavajjaṁ taṁ kammaṁ sukhavipākaṁ, taṁ kammaṁ kammanirodhāya saṁvattati, na taṁ kammaṁ kammasamudayāya saṁvattati. 
 

pāpakā akusalā vitakkā makkhikā.  and bad, unskillful thoughts are the flies. 

Akusalasutta  Unskillful 
Akusalena kāyakammena, akusalena vacīkammena, akusalena manokammena— 
Unskillful deeds by way of body, speech, and mind. 
Kusalena kāyakammena, kusalena vacīkammena, kusalena manokammena— 
Skillful deeds by way of body, speech, and mind. 

Akusalena kāyakammena, akusalena vacīkammena, akusalena manokammena—  Unskillful deeds by way of body, speech, and mind. … 
Kusalena kāyakammena, kusalena vacīkammena, kusalena manokammena …pe…. 
Skillful deeds by way of body, speech, and mind. …” 

Akusalañca sāvajjaṁ,   

Idha, bhikkhave, bhikkhu anuppannānaṁ pāpakānaṁ akusalānaṁ dhammānaṁ anuppādāya chandaṁ janeti vāyamati vīriyaṁ ārabhati cittaṁ paggaṇhāti padahati;  It’s when a mendicant generates enthusiasm, tries, makes an effort, exerts the mind, and strives so that bad, unskillful qualities don’t arise. 
uppannānaṁ pāpakānaṁ akusalānaṁ dhammānaṁ pahānāya chandaṁ janeti vāyamati vīriyaṁ ārabhati cittaṁ paggaṇhāti padahati; 
They generate enthusiasm, try, make an effort, exert the mind, and strive so that bad, unskillful qualities that have arisen are given up. 
anuppannānaṁ kusalānaṁ dhammānaṁ uppādāya chandaṁ janeti vāyamati vīriyaṁ ārabhati cittaṁ paggaṇhāti padahati; 
They generate enthusiasm, try, make an effort, exert the mind, and strive so that skillful qualities arise. 
uppannānaṁ kusalānaṁ dhammānaṁ ṭhitiyā asammosāya bhiyyobhāvāya vepullāya bhāvanāya pāripūriyā chandaṁ janeti vāyamati vīriyaṁ ārabhati cittaṁ paggaṇhāti padahati …. 
They generate enthusiasm, try, make an effort, exert the mind, and strive so that skillful qualities that have arisen remain, are not lost, but increase, mature, and are completed by development. … 

saṁyutto pāpakehi akusalehi dhammehi saṅkilesikehi ponobhavikehi sadarehi dukkhavipākehi āyatiṁ jātijarāmaraṇikehi. Tasmā ayogakkhemīti vuccati.  These are bad, unskillful qualities that are corrupting, leading to future lives, hurtful, resulting in suffering and future rebirth, old age, and death. That’s why someone yoked to them is called: ‘one who has not found sanctuary from the yoke’. 
visaṁyutto pāpakehi akusalehi dhammehi saṅkilesikehi ponobhavikehi sadarehi dukkhavipākehi āyatiṁ jātijarāmaraṇikehi. Tasmā yogakkhemīti vuccati. 
These are bad, unskillful qualities that are corrupting, leading to future lives, hurtful, resulting in suffering and future rebirth, old age, and death. That’s why someone unyoked from them is called: ‘one who has found sanctuary from the yoke’. 

Idha, bhikkhave, bhikkhu anuppannānaṁ pāpakānaṁ akusalānaṁ dhammānaṁ anuppādāya chandaṁ janeti vāyamati vīriyaṁ ārabhati cittaṁ paggaṇhāti padahati;  A mendicant generates enthusiasm, tries, makes an effort, exerts the mind, and strives so that bad, unskillful qualities don’t arise. 
uppannānaṁ pāpakānaṁ akusalānaṁ dhammānaṁ pahānāya chandaṁ janeti vāyamati vīriyaṁ ārabhati cittaṁ paggaṇhāti padahati; 
They generate enthusiasm, try, make an effort, exert the mind, and strive so that bad, unskillful qualities that have arisen are given up. 
anuppannānaṁ kusalānaṁ dhammānaṁ uppādāya chandaṁ janeti vāyamati vīriyaṁ ārabhati cittaṁ paggaṇhāti padahati; 
They generate enthusiasm, try, make an effort, exert the mind, and strive so that skillful qualities arise. 
uppannānaṁ kusalānaṁ dhammānaṁ ṭhitiyā asammosāya bhiyyobhāvāya vepullāya bhāvanāya pāripūriyā chandaṁ janeti vāyamati vīriyaṁ ārabhati cittaṁ paggaṇhāti padahati. 
They generate enthusiasm, try, make an effort, exert the mind, and strive so that skillful qualities that have arisen remain, are not lost, but increase, mature, and are fulfilled by development. 

Yatvādhikaraṇamenaṁ cakkhundriyaṁ asaṁvutaṁ viharantaṁ abhijjhādomanassā pāpakā akusalā dhammā anvāssaveyyuṁ, tassa saṁvarāya paṭipajjati, rakkhati cakkhundriyaṁ, cakkhundriye saṁvaraṁ āpajjati.  If the faculty of sight were left unrestrained, bad unskillful qualities of covetousness and displeasure would become overwhelming. For this reason, they practice restraint, protecting the faculty of sight, and achieving its restraint. 
yatvādhikaraṇamenaṁ manindriyaṁ asaṁvutaṁ viharantaṁ abhijjhādomanassā pāpakā akusalā dhammā anvāssaveyyuṁ, tassa saṁvarāya paṭipajjati, rakkhati manindriyaṁ, manindriye saṁvaraṁ āpajjati. 
If the faculty of mind were left unrestrained, bad unskillful qualities of covetousness and displeasure would become overwhelming. For this reason, they practice restraint, protecting the faculty of mind, and achieving its restraint. 
uppannuppanne pāpake akusale dhamme nādhivāseti pajahati vinodeti byantīkaroti anabhāvaṁ gameti. 
They don’t tolerate any bad, unskillful qualities that have arisen, but give them up, get rid of them, eliminate them, and obliterate them. 

bahu’ssa janatā ariye ñāye patiṭṭhāpitā, yadidaṁ kalyāṇadhammatā kusaladhammatā.  They’ve established many people in the noble system, that is, the principles of goodness and skillfulness. 
bahu te janatā ariye ñāye patiṭṭhāpitā, yadidaṁ kalyāṇadhammatā kusaladhammatā. 
 
bahu me janatā ariye ñāye patiṭṭhāpitā, yadidaṁ kalyāṇadhammatā kusaladhammatā. 
 
Maggāmaggassa kusalo, 
He is skilled in what is the path and what is not the path, 

Yatvādhikaraṇamenaṁ cakkhundriyaṁ asaṁvutaṁ viharantaṁ abhijjhādomanassā pāpakā akusalā dhammā anvāssaveyyuṁ, tassa saṁvarāya paṭipajjati; rakkhati cakkhundriyaṁ; cakkhundriye saṁvaraṁ āpajjati.  If the faculty of sight were left unrestrained, bad unskillful qualities of covetousness and displeasure would become overwhelming. For this reason, they practice restraint, protecting the faculty of sight, and achieving restraint over it. 
Yatvādhikaraṇamenaṁ manindriyaṁ asaṁvutaṁ viharantaṁ abhijjhādomanassā pāpakā akusalā dhammā anvāssaveyyuṁ, tassa saṁvarāya paṭipajjati; rakkhati manindriyaṁ; manindriye saṁvaraṁ āpajjati. 
If the faculty of mind were left unrestrained, bad unskillful qualities of covetousness and displeasure would become overwhelming. For this reason, they practice restraint, protecting the faculty of mind, and achieving restraint over it. 
Bhāvayaṁ kusalaṁ dhammaṁ, 
developing skillful qualities, 

Catupañhassa kusalo,  is said to be skilled 

“Cattārome, bhikkhave, puññābhisandā kusalābhisandā sukhassāhārā sovaggikā sukhavipākā saggasaṁvattanikā iṭṭhāya kantāya manāpāya hitāya sukhāya saṁvattanti.  “Mendicants, there are these four kinds of overflowing merit, overflowing goodness. They nurture happiness and are conducive to heaven, ripening in happiness and leading to heaven. They lead to what is likable, desirable, agreeable, to welfare and happiness. 
Yassa, bhikkhave, bhikkhu cīvaraṁ paribhuñjamāno appamāṇaṁ cetosamādhiṁ upasampajja viharati, appamāṇo tassa puññābhisando kusalābhisando sukhassāhāro sovaggiko sukhavipāko saggasaṁvattaniko iṭṭhāya kantāya manāpāya hitāya sukhāya saṁvattati. 
When a mendicant enters and remains in a limitless immersion of heart while using a robe, the overflowing of merit for the donor is limitless … 
Yassa, bhikkhave, bhikkhu piṇḍapātaṁ paribhuñjamāno appamāṇaṁ cetosamādhiṁ upasampajja viharati, appamāṇo tassa puññābhisando kusalābhisando sukhassāhāro sovaggiko sukhavipāko saggasaṁvattaniko iṭṭhāya kantāya manāpāya hitāya sukhāya saṁvattati. 
When a mendicant enters and remains in a limitless immersion of heart while eating almsfood, the overflowing of merit for the donor is limitless … 
Yassa, bhikkhave, bhikkhu senāsanaṁ paribhuñjamāno appamāṇaṁ cetosamādhiṁ upasampajja viharati, appamāṇo tassa puññābhisando kusalābhisando sukhassāhāro sovaggiko sukhavipāko saggasaṁvattaniko iṭṭhāya kantāya manāpāya hitāya sukhāya saṁvattati. 
When a mendicant enters and remains in a limitless immersion of heart while using lodgings, the overflowing of merit for the donor is limitless … 
Yassa, bhikkhave, bhikkhu gilānappaccayabhesajjaparikkhāraṁ paribhuñjamāno appamāṇaṁ cetosamādhiṁ upasampajja viharati, appamāṇo tassa puññābhisando kusalābhisando sukhassāhāro sovaggiko sukhavipāko saggasaṁvattaniko iṭṭhāya kantāya manāpāya hitāya sukhāya saṁvattati. 
When a mendicant enters and remains in a limitless immersion of heart while using medicines and supplies for the sick, the overflowing of merit for the donor is limitless … 
Ime kho, bhikkhave, cattāro puññābhisandā kusalābhisandā sukhassāhārā sovaggikā sukhavipākā saggasaṁvattanikā iṭṭhāya kantāya manāpāya hitāya sukhāya saṁvattanti. 
These are the four kinds of overflowing merit, overflowing goodness. They nurture happiness and are conducive to heaven, ripening in happiness and leading to heaven. They lead to what is likable, desirable, agreeable, to welfare and happiness. 
Imehi ca pana, bhikkhave, catūhi puññābhisandehi kusalābhisandehi samannāgatassa ariyasāvakassa na sukaraṁ puññassa pamāṇaṁ gahetuṁ: ‘ettako puññābhisando kusalābhisando sukhassāhāro sovaggiko sukhavipāko saggasaṁvattaniko iṭṭhāya kantāya manāpāya hitāya sukhāya saṁvattatī’ti. Atha kho asaṅkhyeyyo appameyyo mahāpuññakkhandhotveva saṅkhyaṁ gacchati. 
When a noble disciple has these four kinds of overflowing merit and goodness, it’s not easy to grasp how much merit they have by saying that this is the extent of their overflowing merit … that leads to happiness. It’s simply reckoned as an incalculable, immeasurable, great mass of merit. 
evamevaṁ kho, bhikkhave, imehi catūhi puññābhisandehi kusalābhisandehi samannāgatassa ariyasāvakassa na sukaraṁ puññassa pamāṇaṁ gahetuṁ: ‘ettako puññābhisando kusalābhisando sukhassāhāro sovaggiko sukhavipāko saggasaṁvattaniko iṭṭhāya kantāya manāpāya hitāya sukhāya saṁvattatī’ti. Atha kho asaṅkhyeyyo appameyyo mahāpuññakkhandhotveva saṅkhyaṁ gacchatīti. 
In the same way, when a noble disciple has these four kinds of overflowing merit it’s simply reckoned as an incalculable, immeasurable, great mass of merit. 

“Cattārome, bhikkhave, puññābhisandā kusalābhisandā sukhassāhārā sovaggikā sukhavipākā saggasaṁvattanikā iṭṭhāya kantāya manāpāya hitāya sukhāya saṁvattanti.  “Mendicants, there are these four kinds of overflowing merit, overflowing goodness. They nurture happiness and are conducive to heaven, ripening in happiness and leading to heaven. They lead to what is likable, desirable, agreeable, to welfare and happiness. 
Ayaṁ, bhikkhave, paṭhamo puññābhisando kusalābhisando sukhassāhāro sovaggiko sukhavipāko saggasaṁvattaniko iṭṭhāya kantāya manāpāya hitāya sukhāya saṁvattati. 
This is the first kind of overflowing merit … 
Ayaṁ, bhikkhave, dutiyo puññābhisando kusalābhisando sukhassāhāro sovaggiko sukhavipāko saggasaṁvattaniko iṭṭhāya kantāya manāpāya hitāya sukhāya saṁvattati. 
This is the second kind of overflowing merit … 
Ayaṁ, bhikkhave, tatiyo puññābhisando kusalābhisando sukhassāhāro sovaggiko sukhavipāko saggasaṁvattaniko iṭṭhāya kantāya manāpāya hitāya sukhāya saṁvattati. 
This is the third kind of overflowing merit … 
Ayaṁ, bhikkhave, catuttho puññābhisando kusalābhisando sukhassāhāro sovaggiko sukhavipāko saggasaṁvattaniko iṭṭhāya kantāya manāpāya hitāya sukhāya saṁvattati. 
This is the fourth kind of overflowing merit … 
Ime kho, bhikkhave, cattāro puññābhisandā kusalābhisandā sukhassāhārā sovaggikā sukhavipākā saggasaṁvattanikā iṭṭhāya kantāya manāpāya hitāya sukhāya saṁvattantīti. 
These are the four kinds of overflowing merit, overflowing goodness. They nurture happiness and are conducive to heaven, ripening in happiness and leading to heaven. They lead to what is likable, desirable, agreeable, to welfare and happiness. 

Karontākusalaṁ kammaṁ,  do unskillful deeds 

Idha, bhikkhave, bhikkhu anuppannānaṁ pāpakānaṁ akusalānaṁ dhammānaṁ anuppādāya chandaṁ janeti vāyamati vīriyaṁ ārabhati cittaṁ paggaṇhāti padahati.  It’s when you generate enthusiasm, try, make an effort, exert the mind, and strive so that bad, unskillful qualities don’t arise. 
Idha, bhikkhave, bhikkhu uppannānaṁ pāpakānaṁ akusalānaṁ dhammānaṁ pahānāya chandaṁ janeti vāyamati vīriyaṁ ārabhati cittaṁ paggaṇhāti padahati. 
It’s when you generate enthusiasm, try, make an effort, exert the mind, and strive so that bad, unskillful qualities are given up. 
Idha, bhikkhave, bhikkhu anuppannānaṁ kusalānaṁ dhammānaṁ uppādāya chandaṁ janeti vāyamati vīriyaṁ ārabhati cittaṁ paggaṇhāti padahati. 
It’s when you generate enthusiasm, try, make an effort, exert the mind, and strive so that skillful qualities arise. 
Idha, bhikkhave, bhikkhu uppannānaṁ kusalānaṁ dhammānaṁ ṭhitiyā asammosāya bhiyyobhāvāya vepullāya bhāvanāya pāripūriyā chandaṁ janeti vāyamati vīriyaṁ ārabhati cittaṁ paggaṇhāti padahati. 
It’s when you generate enthusiasm, try, make an effort, exert the mind, and strive so that skillful qualities that have arisen remain, are not lost, but increase, mature, and are fulfilled by development. 

Tatra, bhikkhave, yvāyaṁ puggalo na ceva lābhī ajjhattaṁ cetosamathassa na ca lābhī adhipaññādhammavipassanāya, tena, bhikkhave, puggalena tesaṁyeva kusalānaṁ dhammānaṁ paṭilābhāya adhimatto chando ca vāyāmo ca ussāho ca ussoḷhī ca appaṭivānī ca sati ca sampajaññañca karaṇīyaṁ.  As for the person who has neither serenity nor discernment: in order to get those skillful qualities, they should apply intense enthusiasm, effort, zeal, vigor, perseverance, mindfulness, and situational awareness. 
evamevaṁ kho, bhikkhave, tena puggalena tesaṁyeva kusalānaṁ dhammānaṁ paṭilābhāya adhimatto chando ca vāyāmo ca ussāho ca ussoḷhī ca appaṭivānī ca sati ca sampajaññañca karaṇīyaṁ. 
In the same way, in order to get those skillful qualities, that mendicant should apply intense enthusiasm … 
Tatra, bhikkhave, yvāyaṁ puggalo lābhī ceva hoti ajjhattaṁ cetosamathassa lābhī ca adhipaññādhammavipassanāya, tena, bhikkhave, puggalena tesuyeva kusalesu dhammesu patiṭṭhāya uttari āsavānaṁ khayāya yogo karaṇīyo. 
As for the person who has both serenity and discernment: grounded on those skillful qualities, they should practice meditation further to end the defilements. 

Tatra, bhikkhave, yvāyaṁ puggalo lābhī ceva hoti ajjhattaṁ cetosamathassa lābhī ca adhipaññādhammavipassanāya, tena, bhikkhave, puggalena tesu ceva kusalesu dhammesu patiṭṭhāya uttari āsavānaṁ khayāya yogo karaṇīyo.  As for the person who has both serenity and discernment: grounded on those skillful qualities, they should practice meditation further to end the defilements. 

Idha, bhikkhave, ekacco puggalo khippanisantī ca hoti kusalesu dhammesu, sutānañca dhammānaṁ dhārakajātiko hoti, dhātānañca dhammānaṁ atthūpaparikkhī hoti atthamaññāya dhammamaññāya, dhammānudhammappaṭipanno hoti;  It’s when a person is quick-witted when it comes to skillful teachings. They readily memorize the teachings they’ve heard. They examine the meaning of teachings they’ve memorized. Understanding the meaning and the teaching, they practice accordingly. 
Idha, bhikkhave, ekacco puggalo na heva kho khippanisantī hoti kusalesu dhammesu, no ca sutānaṁ dhammānaṁ dhārakajātiko hoti, no ca dhātānaṁ dhammānaṁ atthūpaparikkhī hoti, no ca atthamaññāya dhammamaññāya dhammānudhammappaṭipanno hoti; 
It’s when a person is not quick-witted when it comes to skillful teachings. … 
Idha, bhikkhave, ekacco puggalo na heva kho khippanisantī hoti kusalesu dhammesu, no ca sutānaṁ dhammānaṁ dhārakajātiko hoti, no ca dhātānaṁ dhammānaṁ atthūpaparikkhī hoti, no ca atthamaññāya dhammamaññāya dhammānudhammappaṭipanno hoti; 
It’s when a person is not quick-witted when it comes to skillful teachings. … 
Idha, bhikkhave, ekacco puggalo khippanisantī ca hoti kusalesu dhammesu, sutānañca dhammānaṁ dhārakajātiko hoti, dhātānañca dhammānaṁ atthūpaparikkhī hoti atthamaññāya dhammamaññāya, dhammānudhammappaṭipanno hoti; 
It’s when a person is quick-witted when it comes to skillful teachings. … 

Idha, bhikkhave, bhikkhu uppannaṁ kāmavitakkaṁ nādhivāseti pajahati vinodeti hanati byantīkaroti anabhāvaṁ gameti, uppannaṁ byāpādavitakkaṁ …pe… uppannaṁ vihiṁsāvitakkaṁ …pe… uppannuppanne pāpake akusale dhamme nādhivāseti pajahati vinodeti hanati byantīkaroti anabhāvaṁ gameti.  It’s when a mendicant doesn’t tolerate a sensual, malicious, or cruel thought. They don’t tolerate any bad, unskillful qualities that have arisen, but give them up, get rid of them, eliminate them, and obliterate them. 

Idha, bhikkhave, ekacco puggalo vivicceva kāmehi vivicca akusalehi dhammehi savitakkaṁ savicāraṁ vivekajaṁ pītisukhaṁ paṭhamaṁ jhānaṁ upasampajja viharati.  Take a person who, quite secluded from sensual pleasures, secluded from unskillful qualities, enters and remains in the first absorption, which has the rapture and bliss born of seclusion, while placing the mind and keeping it connected. 

parisā cassa na kusalā hoti sahitāsahitassa.  And their assembly can’t tell what’s on topic and what’s off topic. 
parisā cassa kusalā hoti sahitāsahitassa. 
And their assembly can tell what’s on topic and what’s off topic. 
parisā cassa na kusalā hoti sahitāsahitassa. 
And their assembly can’t tell what’s on topic and what’s off topic. 
parisā cassa kusalā hoti sahitāsahitassa. 
And their assembly can tell what’s on topic and what’s off topic. 

‘parihāyāmi kusalehi dhammehi’.  ‘My skillful qualities are declining. 
‘parihāyāmi kusalehi dhammehi’. 
‘My skillful qualities are declining. 
‘na parihāyāmi kusalehi dhammehi’. 
‘My skillful qualities are not declining. 
‘na parihāyāmi kusalehi dhammehi’. 
‘My skillful qualities are not declining. 

“accayo maṁ, bhante, accagamā, yathābālaṁ yathāmūḷhaṁ yathāakusalaṁ, yāhaṁ evamakāsiṁ.  “I have made a mistake, sir. It was foolish, stupid, and unskillful of me to act in that way. 
“Taggha taṁ, bhagini, accayo accagamā, yathābālaṁ yathāmūḷhaṁ yathāakusalaṁ, yā tvaṁ evamakāsi. 
“Indeed, sister, you made a mistake. It was foolish, stupid, and unskillful of you to act in that way. 

Idha bhikkhave, bhikkhu vivicceva kāmehi vivicca akusalehi dhammehi savitakkaṁ savicāraṁ vivekajaṁ pītisukhaṁ paṭhamaṁ jhānaṁ upasampajja viharati;  It’s when a mendicant, quite secluded from sensual pleasures, secluded from unskillful qualities, enters and remains in the first absorption, which has the rapture and bliss born of seclusion, while placing the mind and keeping it connected. 
Idha, bhikkhave, bhikkhu vivicceva kāmehi vivicca akusalehi dhammehi savitakkaṁ savicāraṁ vivekajaṁ pītisukhaṁ paṭhamaṁ jhānaṁ upasampajja viharati …pe… dutiyaṁ jhānaṁ …pe… tatiyaṁ jhānaṁ …pe… catutthaṁ jhānaṁ upasampajja viharati. 
It’s when a mendicant … enters and remains in the first absorption … second absorption … third absorption … fourth absorption … 

yatvādhikaraṇamenaṁ cakkhundriyaṁ asaṁvutaṁ viharantaṁ abhijjhādomanassā pāpakā akusalā dhammā anvāssaveyyuṁ, tassa saṁvarāya paṭipajjati; rakkhati cakkhundriyaṁ; cakkhundriye saṁvaraṁ āpajjati.  If the faculty of sight were left unrestrained, bad unskillful qualities of covetousness and displeasure would become overwhelming. For this reason, they practice restraint, protecting the faculty of sight, and achieving restraint over it. 
yatvādhikaraṇamenaṁ manindriyaṁ asaṁvutaṁ viharantaṁ abhijjhādomanassā pāpakā akusalā dhammā anvāssaveyyuṁ, tassa saṁvarāya paṭipajjati; rakkhati manindriyaṁ; manindriye saṁvaraṁ āpajjati. 
If the faculty of mind were left unrestrained, bad unskillful qualities of covetousness and displeasure would become overwhelming. For this reason, they practice restraint, protecting the faculty of mind, and achieving restraint over it. 
Idha, bhikkhave, bhikkhu uppannaṁ kāmavitakkaṁ nādhivāseti pajahati vinodeti sameti byantīkaroti anabhāvaṁ gameti; uppannaṁ byāpādavitakkaṁ …pe… uppannaṁ vihiṁsāvitakkaṁ … uppannuppanne pāpake akusale dhamme nādhivāseti pajahati vinodeti sameti byantīkaroti anabhāvaṁ gameti. 
It’s when a mendicant doesn’t tolerate a sensual, malicious, or cruel thought. They don’t tolerate any bad, unskillful qualities that have arisen, but give them up, get rid of them, calm them, eliminate them, and obliterate them. 

yatvādhikaraṇamenaṁ manindriyaṁ asaṁvutaṁ viharantaṁ abhijjhādomanassā pāpakā akusalā dhammā anvāssaveyyuṁ, tassa saṁvarāya paṭipajjati; rakkhati manindriyaṁ; manindriye saṁvaraṁ āpajjati.  If the faculty of mind were left unrestrained, bad unskillful qualities of covetousness and displeasure would become overwhelming. For this reason, they practice restraint, protecting the faculty of mind, and achieving restraint over it. 
Idha, bhikkhave, bhikkhu uppannaṁ kāmavitakkaṁ nādhivāseti pajahati vinodeti sameti byantīkaroti anabhāvaṁ gameti, uppannaṁ byāpādavitakkaṁ …pe… uppannaṁ vihiṁsāvitakkaṁ … uppannuppanne pāpake akusale dhamme nādhivāseti pajahati vinodeti sameti byantīkaroti anabhāvaṁ gameti. 
It’s when a mendicant doesn’t tolerate a sensual, malicious, or cruel thought. They don’t tolerate any bad, unskillful qualities that have arisen, but give them up, get rid of them, calm them, eliminate them, and obliterate them. 

Ahaṁ veyyākaraṇena sammukhībhūto no satthā yo no dhammānaṁ sukusalo.  I will answer. Our teacher is present, he who is so very skilled in our teachings. 
Ahaṁ veyyākaraṇena sammukhībhūto no satthā yo no dhammānaṁ sukusalo. 
 
Ahaṁ veyyākaraṇena sammukhībhūto no satthā yo no dhammānaṁ sukusalo. 
 
Ahaṁ veyyākaraṇena sammukhībhūto no satthā yo no dhammānaṁ sukusalo”ti. 
I will answer. Our teacher is present, he who is so very skilled in our teachings.” 

Idha, bhikkhave, yodhājīvo ṭhānakusalo ca hoti, dūrepātī ca, akkhaṇavedhī ca, mahato ca kāyassa padāletā.  He’s skilled in the basics, a long-distance shooter, a marksman, one who shatters large objects. 
Idha, bhikkhave, bhikkhu ṭhānakusalo ca hoti, dūrepātī ca, akkhaṇavedhī ca, mahato ca kāyassa padāletā. 
He’s skilled in the basics, a long-distance shooter, a marksman, one who shatters large objects. 
Kathañca, bhikkhave, bhikkhu ṭhānakusalo hoti? 
And how is a mendicant skilled in the basics? 
Evaṁ kho, bhikkhave, bhikkhu ṭhānakusalo hoti. 
That’s how a mendicant is skilled in the basics. 

Yañhi, brāhmaṇa, diṭṭhaṁ bhāsato akusalā dhammā abhivaḍḍhanti, kusalā dhammā parihāyanti, evarūpaṁ diṭṭhaṁ na bhāsitabbanti vadāmi.  When talking about certain things you’ve seen, heard, thought, or known, unskillful qualities grow while skillful qualities decline. I say that you shouldn’t talk about those things. 
Yañca khvassa, brāhmaṇa, diṭṭhaṁ abhāsato kusalā dhammā parihāyanti, akusalā dhammā abhivaḍḍhanti, evarūpaṁ diṭṭhaṁ bhāsitabbanti vadāmi. 
When talking about other things you’ve seen, heard, thought, or known, unskillful qualities decline while skillful qualities grow. I say that you should talk about those things.” 
Yañhi, brāhmaṇa, sutaṁ bhāsato akusalā dhammā abhivaḍḍhanti, kusalā dhammā parihāyanti, evarūpaṁ sutaṁ na bhāsitabbanti vadāmi. 
 
Yañca khvassa, brāhmaṇa, sutaṁ abhāsato kusalā dhammā parihāyanti, akusalā dhammā abhivaḍḍhanti, evarūpaṁ sutaṁ bhāsitabbanti vadāmi. 
 
Yañhi, brāhmaṇa, mutaṁ bhāsato akusalā dhammā abhivaḍḍhanti, kusalā dhammā parihāyanti, evarūpaṁ mutaṁ na bhāsitabbanti vadāmi. 
 
Yañca khvassa, brāhmaṇa, mutaṁ abhāsato kusalā dhammā parihāyanti, akusalā dhammā abhivaḍḍhanti, evarūpaṁ mutaṁ bhāsitabbanti vadāmi. 
 
Yañhi, brāhmaṇa, viññātaṁ bhāsato akusalā dhammā abhivaḍḍhanti, kusalā dhammā parihāyanti, evarūpaṁ viññātaṁ na bhāsitabbanti vadāmi. 
 
Yañca khvassa, brāhmaṇa, viññātaṁ abhāsato kusalā dhammā parihāyanti, akusalā dhammā abhivaḍḍhanti, evarūpaṁ viññātaṁ bhāsitabbanti vadāmī”ti. 
 

Puna caparaṁ, brāhmaṇa, idhekacco akatakalyāṇo hoti akatakusalo akatabhīruttāṇo katapāpo kataluddo katakibbiso.  Furthermore, it’s someone who hasn’t done good and skillful things that keep them safe, but has done bad, violent, and depraved things. 
‘akataṁ vata me kalyāṇaṁ, akataṁ kusalaṁ, akataṁ bhīruttāṇaṁ; 
‘Well, I haven’t done good and skillful things that keep me safe. 
Yāvatā, bho, akatakalyāṇānaṁ akatakusalānaṁ akatabhīruttāṇānaṁ katapāpānaṁ kataluddānaṁ katakibbisānaṁ gati taṁ gatiṁ pecca gacchāmī’ti. 
When I depart, I’ll go to the place where people who’ve done such things go.’ 
Puna caparaṁ, brāhmaṇa, idhekacco akatapāpo hoti akataluddo akatakibbiso katakalyāṇo katakusalo katabhīruttāṇo. 
Furthermore, it’s someone who hasn’t done bad, violent, and corrupt deeds, but has done good and skillful deeds that keep them safe. 
kataṁ kalyāṇaṁ, kataṁ kusalaṁ, kataṁ bhīruttāṇaṁ. 
And I have done good and skillful deeds that keep me safe. 
Yāvatā, bho, akatapāpānaṁ akataluddānaṁ akatakibbisānaṁ katakalyāṇānaṁ katakusalānaṁ katabhīruttāṇānaṁ gati taṁ gatiṁ pecca gacchāmī’ti. 
When I depart, I’ll go to the place where people who’ve done such things go.’ 

“Idaṁ akusalanti kho, upaka, mayā paññattaṁ.  “Upaka, I’ve declared: ‘This is unskillful.’ 
itipidaṁ akusalanti. 
‘This is another way of saying that this is unskillful.’ 
Taṁ kho panidaṁ akusalaṁ pahātabbanti kho, upaka, mayā paññattaṁ. 
I’ve declared: ‘The unskillful should be given up.’ 
itipidaṁ akusalaṁ pahātabbanti. 
‘This is another way of saying that the unskillful should be given up.’ 
Idaṁ kusalanti kho, upaka, mayā paññattaṁ. 
I’ve declared that: ‘This is skillful.’ 
itipidaṁ kusalanti. 
‘This is another way of saying that this is skillful.’ 
Taṁ kho panidaṁ kusalaṁ bhāvetabbanti kho, upaka, mayā paññattaṁ. 
I’ve declared: ‘The skillful should be developed.’ 
itipidaṁ kusalaṁ bhāvetabban”ti. 
‘This is another way of saying that the skillful should be developed.’” 

Seyyathāpi, bhikkhave, puriso kusalo bherisaddassa.  Suppose a person was skilled in the sound of drums. 
Seyyathāpi, bhikkhave, puriso kusalo saṅkhasaddassa. 
Suppose a person was skilled in the sound of horns. 

‘ime dhammā akusalā, ime dhammā sāvajjā, ime dhammā viññugarahitā, ime dhammā samattā samādinnā ahitāya dukkhāya saṁvattantī’ti, atha tumhe, bhaddiya, pajaheyyātha.  ‘These things are unskillful, blameworthy, criticized by sensible people, and when you undertake them, they lead to harm and suffering’, then you should give them up. 
“Taṁ kiṁ maññatha, bhaddiya, ime dhammā kusalā vā akusalā vā”ti? 
“What do you think, Bhaddiya, are these things skillful or unskillful?” 
“Akusalā, bhante”. 
“Unskillful, sir.” 
‘ime dhammā akusalā, ime dhammā sāvajjā, ime dhammā viññugarahitā, ime dhammā samattā samādinnā ahitāya dukkhāya saṁvattantīti, atha tumhe, bhaddiya, pajaheyyāthā’ti, 
“These things are unskillful, blameworthy, criticized by sensible people, and when you undertake them, they lead to harm and suffering”, then you should give them up.’ 
‘ime dhammā kusalā, ime dhammā anavajjā, ime dhammā viññuppasatthā, ime dhammā samattā samādinnā hitāya sukhāya saṁvattantī’ti, atha tumhe, bhaddiya, upasampajja vihareyyāthāti. 
‘These things are skillful, blameless, praised by sensible people, and when you undertake them, they lead to welfare and happiness’, then you should acquire them and keep them. 
“Taṁ kiṁ maññatha, bhaddiya, ime dhammā kusalā vā akusalā vā”ti? 
“What do you think, Bhaddiya, are these things skillful or unskillful?” 
“Kusalā, bhante”. 
“Skillful, sir.” 
‘ime dhammā kusalā, ime dhammā anavajjā, ime dhammā viññuppasatthā, ime dhammā samattā samādinnā hitāya sukhāya saṁvattantīti, atha tumhe, bhaddiya, upasampajja vihareyyāthā’ti, 
“These things are skillful, blameless, praised by sensible people, and when you undertake them, they lead to welfare and happiness”, then you should acquire them and keep them.’ 
Sabbe cepi, bhaddiya, khattiyā imāya āvaṭṭaniyā āvaṭṭeyyuṁ akusaladhammappahānāya kusaladhammūpasampadāya, sabbesampissa khattiyānaṁ dīgharattaṁ hitāya sukhāya. 
If all the aristocrats, brahmins, peasants, and menials were to be converted by this, it would be for their lasting welfare and happiness. 
Sabbe cepi, bhaddiya, brāhmaṇā … vessā … suddā āvaṭṭeyyuṁ akusaladhammappahānāya kusaladhammūpasampadāya, sabbesampissa suddānaṁ dīgharattaṁ hitāya sukhāya. 
 
Sadevako cepi, bhaddiya, loko samārako sabrahmako sassamaṇabrāhmaṇī pajā sadevamanussā imāya āvaṭṭaniyā āvaṭṭeyyuṁ akusaladhammappahānāya kusaladhammūpasampadāya, sadevakassapissa lokassa samārakassa sabrahmakassa sassamaṇabrāhmaṇiyā pajāya sadevamanussāya dīgharattaṁ hitāya sukhāya. 
If the whole world—with its gods, Māras, and divinities, this population with its ascetics and brahmins, gods and humans—were to be converted by this, for giving up unskillful qualities and embracing skillful qualities, it would be for their lasting welfare and happiness. 
Ime cepi, bhaddiya, mahāsālā imāya āvaṭṭaniyā āvaṭṭeyyuṁ akusaladhammappahānāya kusaladhammūpasampadāya, imesampissa mahāsālānaṁ dīgharattaṁ hitāya sukhāya (…). 
If these great sal trees were to be converted by this, for giving up unskillful qualities and embracing skillful qualities, it would be for their lasting welfare and happiness—if they were sentient. 

Yatvādhikaraṇamenaṁ cakkhundriyaṁ asaṁvutaṁ viharantaṁ abhijjhādomanassā pāpakā akusalā dhammā anvāssaveyyuṁ, tassa saṁvarāya paṭipajjati; rakkhati cakkhundriyaṁ; cakkhundriye saṁvaraṁ āpajjati.  If the faculty of sight were left unrestrained, bad unskillful qualities of covetousness and displeasure would become overwhelming. For this reason, they practice restraint, protecting the faculty of sight, and achieving restraint over it. 
Yatvādhikaraṇamenaṁ manindriyaṁ asaṁvutaṁ viharantaṁ abhijjhādomanassā pāpakā akusalā dhammā anvāssaveyyuṁ, tassa saṁvarāya paṭipajjati; rakkhati manindriyaṁ; manindriye saṁvaraṁ āpajjati. 
If the faculty of mind were left unrestrained, bad unskillful qualities of covetousness and displeasure would become overwhelming. For this reason, they practice restraint, protecting the faculty of mind, and achieving restraint over it. 
Vicikicchaṁ pahāya tiṇṇavicikiccho viharati akathaṅkathī kusalesu dhammesu, vicikicchāya cittaṁ parisodheti. 
Giving up doubt, they meditate having gone beyond doubt, not undecided about skillful qualities, cleansing the mind of doubt. 

Idha, bhikkhave, bhikkhu āraddhavīriyo viharati akusalānaṁ dhammānaṁ pahānāya, kusalānaṁ dhammānaṁ upasampadāya, thāmavā daḷhaparakkamo anikkhittadhuro kusalesu dhammesu.  It’s when a mendicant lives with energy roused up for giving up unskillful qualities and embracing skillful qualities. They are strong, staunchly vigorous, not slacking off when it comes to developing skillful qualities. 

Idha, bhikkhave, bhikkhu āraddhavīriyo viharati akusalānaṁ dhammānaṁ pahānāya, kusalānaṁ dhammānaṁ upasampadāya, thāmavā daḷhaparakkamo anikkhittadhuro kusalesu dhammesu.  It’s when a mendicant lives with energy roused up for giving up unskillful qualities and embracing skillful qualities. They are strong, staunchly vigorous, not slacking off when it comes to developing skillful qualities. 

Idha, bhikkhave, bhikkhu anuppannānaṁ pāpakānaṁ akusalānaṁ dhammānaṁ anuppādāya chandaṁ janeti vāyamati vīriyaṁ ārabhati cittaṁ paggaṇhāti padahati;  Firstly, a mendicant generates enthusiasm, tries, makes an effort, exerts the mind, and strives so that bad, unskillful qualities don’t arise. 
uppannānaṁ pāpakānaṁ akusalānaṁ dhammānaṁ pahānāya …pe… anuppannānaṁ kusalānaṁ dhammānaṁ uppādāya …pe… uppannānaṁ kusalānaṁ dhammānaṁ ṭhitiyā asammosāya bhiyyobhāvāya vepullāya bhāvanāya pāripūriyā chandaṁ janeti vāyamati vīriyaṁ ārabhati cittaṁ paggaṇhāti padahati. 
…so that unskillful qualities that have arisen are given up … so that skillful qualities arise … so that skillful qualities that have arisen remain, are not lost, but increase, mature, and are fulfilled by development. 

Idha, bhikkhave, ariyasāvako hirīmā hoti, hirīyati kāyaduccaritena vacīduccaritena manoduccaritena, hirīyati pāpakānaṁ akusalānaṁ dhammānaṁ samāpattiyā.  It’s when a noble disciple has a conscience. They’re conscientious about bad conduct by way of body, speech, and mind, and conscientious about having any bad, unskillful qualities. 
Idha, bhikkhave, ariyasāvako ottappī hoti, ottappati kāyaduccaritena vacīduccaritena manoduccaritena, ottappati pāpakānaṁ akusalānaṁ dhammānaṁ samāpattiyā. 
It’s when a noble disciple is prudent. They’re prudent when it comes to bad conduct by way of body, speech, and mind, and prudent when it comes to acquiring any bad, unskillful qualities. 
Idha, bhikkhave, ariyasāvako āraddhavīriyo viharati akusalānaṁ dhammānaṁ pahānāya, kusalānaṁ dhammānaṁ upasampadāya, thāmavā daḷhaparakkamo anikkhittadhuro kusalesu dhammesu. 
It’s when a noble disciple lives with energy roused up for giving up unskillful qualities and embracing skillful qualities. They’re strong, staunchly vigorous, not slacking off when it comes to developing skillful qualities. 

Saddhāpi nāma te nāhosi kusalesu dhammesu, hirīpi nāma te nāhosi kusalesu dhammesu, ottappampi nāma te nāhosi kusalesu dhammesu, vīriyampi nāma te nāhosi kusalesu dhammesu, paññāpi nāma te nāhosi kusalesu dhammesu.  ‘You had no faith, conscience, prudence, energy, or wisdom regarding skillful qualities.’ 
Saddhāpi nāma te ahosi kusalesu dhammesu, hirīpi nāma te ahosi kusalesu dhammesu, ottappampi nāma te ahosi kusalesu dhammesu, vīriyampi nāma te ahosi kusalesu dhammesu, paññāpi nāma te ahosi kusalesu dhammesu. 
‘You had faith, conscience, prudence, energy, and wisdom regarding skillful qualities.’ 

Samāpattisutta  Becoming 
Samāpattisutta → akusalasamāpattisuttaṁ (bj) 
“Na tāva, bhikkhave, akusalassa samāpatti hoti yāva saddhā paccupaṭṭhitā hoti kusalesu dhammesu. 
“Mendicants, you don’t become unskillful as long as faith is established in skillful qualities. 
atha akusalassa samāpatti hoti. 
you become unskillful. 
Na tāva, bhikkhave, akusalassa samāpatti hoti yāva hirī paccupaṭṭhitā hoti kusalesu dhammesu. 
You don’t become unskillful as long as conscience … prudence … energy … wisdom is established in skillful qualities. 
atha akusalassa samāpatti hoti. 
 
Na tāva, bhikkhave, akusalassa samāpatti hoti yāva ottappaṁ paccupaṭṭhitaṁ hoti kusalesu dhammesu. 
 
atha akusalassa samāpatti hoti. 
 
Na tāva, bhikkhave, akusalassa samāpatti hoti yāva vīriyaṁ paccupaṭṭhitaṁ hoti kusalesu dhammesu. 
 
atha akusalassa samāpatti hoti. 
 
Na tāva, bhikkhave, akusalassa samāpatti hoti yāva paññā paccupaṭṭhitā hoti kusalesu dhammesu. 
 
atha akusalassa samāpatti hotī”ti. 
you become unskillful.” 

Evamevaṁ kho, bhikkhave, yāvakīvañca bhikkhuno saddhāya akataṁ hoti kusalesu dhammesu, hiriyā akataṁ hoti kusalesu dhammesu, ottappena akataṁ hoti kusalesu dhammesu, vīriyena akataṁ hoti kusalesu dhammesu, paññāya akataṁ hoti kusalesu dhammesu, anurakkhitabbo tāva me so, bhikkhave, bhikkhu hoti.  In the same way, I still need to look after a mendicant who hasn’t finished developing faith, conscience, prudence, energy, and wisdom regarding skillful qualities. 
Yato ca kho, bhikkhave, bhikkhuno saddhāya kataṁ hoti kusalesu dhammesu, hiriyā kataṁ hoti kusalesu dhammesu, ottappena kataṁ hoti kusalesu dhammesu, vīriyena kataṁ hoti kusalesu dhammesu, paññāya kataṁ hoti kusalesu dhammesu, anapekkho dānāhaṁ, bhikkhave, tasmiṁ bhikkhusmiṁ homi: 
But when a mendicant has finished developing faith, conscience, prudence, energy, and wisdom regarding skillful qualities, I need not be concerned, thinking: 

Idha, bhikkhave, ariyasāvako āraddhavīriyo viharati akusalānaṁ dhammānaṁ pahānāya, kusalānaṁ dhammānaṁ upasampadāya thāmavā daḷhaparakkamo anikkhittadhuro kusalesu dhammesu.  It’s when a noble disciple lives with energy roused up for giving up unskillful qualities and embracing skillful qualities. They’re strong, staunchly vigorous, not slacking off when it comes to developing skillful qualities. 
Idha, bhikkhave, ariyasāvako vivicceva kāmehi vivicca akusalehi dhammehi savitakkaṁ savicāraṁ vivekajaṁ pītisukhaṁ paṭhamaṁ jhānaṁ upasampajja viharati; 
It’s when a noble disciple, quite secluded from sensual pleasures, secluded from unskillful qualities, enters and remains in the first absorption, which has the rapture and bliss born of seclusion, while placing the mind and keeping it connected. 

Katāvakāsā katakusalā ito cutā,  Having taken the opportunity to do good, when they pass from here 

“Pañcime, bhikkhave, puññābhisandā kusalābhisandā sukhassāhārā sovaggikā sukhavipākā saggasaṁvattanikā iṭṭhāya kantāya manāpāya hitāya sukhāya saṁvattanti.  “Mendicants, there are these five kinds of overflowing merit, overflowing goodness. They nurture happiness and are conducive to heaven, ripening in happiness and leading to heaven. They lead to what is likable, desirable, agreeable, to welfare and happiness. 
Yassa, bhikkhave, bhikkhu cīvaraṁ paribhuñjamāno appamāṇaṁ cetosamādhiṁ upasampajja viharati, appamāṇo tassa puññābhisando kusalābhisando sukhassāhāro sovaggiko sukhavipāko saggasaṁvattaniko iṭṭhāya kantāya manāpāya hitāya sukhāya saṁvattati. 
When a mendicant enters and remains in a limitless immersion of heart while using a robe … 
Yassa, bhikkhave, bhikkhu gilānappaccayabhesajjaparikkhāraṁ paribhuñjamāno appamāṇaṁ cetosamādhiṁ upasampajja viharati, appamāṇo tassa puññābhisando kusalābhisando sukhassāhāro sovaggiko sukhavipāko saggasaṁvattaniko iṭṭhāya kantāya manāpāya hitāya sukhāya saṁvattati. 
medicines and supplies for the sick, the overflowing of merit for the donor is limitless … 
Ime kho, bhikkhave, pañca puññābhisandā kusalābhisandā sukhassāhārā sovaggikā sukhavipākā saggasaṁvattanikā iṭṭhāya kantāya manāpāya hitāya sukhāya saṁvattanti. 
These are the five kinds of overflowing merit, overflowing goodness. They nurture happiness, and are conducive to heaven, ripening in happiness, and leading to heaven. They lead to what is likable, desirable, agreeable, to welfare and happiness. 
Imehi ca pana, bhikkhave, pañcahi puññābhisandehi kusalābhisandehi samannāgatassa ariyasāvakassa na sukaraṁ puññassa pamāṇaṁ gahetuṁ: 
When a noble disciple has these five kinds of overflowing merit and goodness, it’s not easy to grasp how much merit they have by saying that 
‘ettako puññābhisando kusalābhisando sukhassāhāro sovaggiko sukhavipāko saggasaṁvattaniko iṭṭhāya kantāya manāpāya hitāya sukhāya saṁvattatī’ti. 
this is the extent of their overflowing merit … that leads to happiness. 
Evamevaṁ kho, bhikkhave, imehi pañcahi puññābhisandehi kusalābhisandehi samannāgatassa ariyasāvakassa na sukaraṁ puññassa pamāṇaṁ gahetuṁ: 
In the same way, when a noble disciple has these five kinds of overflowing merit and goodness, it’s not easy to grasp how much merit they have: 
‘ettako puññābhisando kusalābhisando sukhassāhāro sovaggiko sukhavipāko saggasaṁvattaniko iṭṭhāya kantāya manāpāya hitāya sukhāya saṁvattatī’ti. 
‘This is how much this overflowing merit … leads to happiness.’ 

Akusalarāsisutta  A Heap of the Unskillful 
“Akusalarāsīti, bhikkhave, vadamāno pañca nīvaraṇe sammā vadamāno vadeyya. 
“Mendicants, rightly speaking, you’d call the five hindrances a ‘heap of the unskillful’. 
Kevalo hāyaṁ, bhikkhave, akusalarāsi yadidaṁ pañca nīvaraṇā. 
For these five hindrances are entirely a heap of the unskillful. 
Akusalarāsīti, bhikkhave, vadamāno ime pañca nīvaraṇe sammā vadamāno vadeyya. 
Rightly speaking, you’d call these five hindrances a ‘heap of the unskillful’. 
Kevalo hāyaṁ, bhikkhave, akusalarāsi yadidaṁ pañca nīvaraṇā”ti. 
For these five hindrances are entirely a heap of the unskillful.” 

āraddhavīriyo viharati akusalānaṁ dhammānaṁ pahānāya kusalānaṁ dhammānaṁ upasampadāya, thāmavā daḷhaparakkamo anikkhittadhuro kusalesu dhammesu;  They live with energy roused up for giving up unskillful qualities and embracing skillful qualities. They’re strong, staunchly vigorous, not slacking off when it comes to developing skillful qualities. 

“Evañhetaṁ, bhikkhu, hoti indriyesu aguttadvārassa, bhojane amattaññuno, jāgariyaṁ ananuyuttassa, avipassakassa kusalānaṁ dhammānaṁ, pubbarattāpararattaṁ bodhipakkhiyānaṁ dhammānaṁ bhāvanānuyogaṁ ananuyuttassa viharato, yaṁ madhurakajāto ceva kāyo hoti, disā cassa na pakkhāyanti, dhammā ca taṁ nappaṭibhanti, thinamiddhañcassa cittaṁ pariyādāya tiṭṭhati, anabhirato ca brahmacariyaṁ carati, hoti cassa dhammesu vicikicchā.  “That’s how it is, mendicant, when your sense doors are unguarded, you eat too much, you’re not dedicated to wakefulness, you’re unable to discern skillful qualities, and you don’t pursue the development of the qualities that lead to awakening in the evening and toward dawn. Your body feels like it’s drugged. You’re disorientated, the teachings don’t spring to mind, and dullness and drowsiness fill your mind. You lead the spiritual life dissatisfied, and have doubts about the teachings. 
‘indriyesu guttadvāro bhavissāmi, bhojane mattaññū, jāgariyaṁ anuyutto, vipassako kusalānaṁ dhammānaṁ, pubbarattāpararattaṁ bodhipakkhiyānaṁ dhammānaṁ bhāvanānuyogaṁ anuyutto viharissāmī’ti. 
‘I will guard my sense doors, eat in moderation, be dedicated to wakefulness, discern skillful qualities, and pursue the development of the qualities that lead to awakening in the evening and toward dawn.’ 
“Evañhetaṁ, bhikkhu, hoti indriyesu guttadvārassa, bhojane mattaññuno, jāgariyaṁ anuyuttassa, vipassakassa kusalānaṁ dhammānaṁ, pubbarattāpararattaṁ bodhipakkhiyānaṁ dhammānaṁ bhāvanānuyogaṁ anuyuttassa viharato, yaṁ na ceva madhurakajāto kāyo hoti, disā cassa pakkhāyanti, dhammā ca taṁ paṭibhanti, thinamiddhañcassa cittaṁ na pariyādāya tiṭṭhati, abhirato ca brahmacariyaṁ carati, na cassa hoti dhammesu vicikicchā. 
“That’s how it is, mendicant, when your sense doors are guarded, you’re moderate in eating, you’re dedicated to wakefulness, you’re able to discern skillful qualities, and you pursue the development of the qualities that lead to awakening in the evening and toward dawn. Your body doesn’t feel like it’s drugged. You’re not disorientated, the teachings spring to mind, and dullness and drowsiness don’t fill your mind. You lead the spiritual life satisfied, and have no doubts about the teachings. 
‘indriyesu guttadvārā bhavissāma, bhojane mattaññuno, jāgariyaṁ anuyuttā, vipassakā kusalānaṁ dhammānaṁ, pubbarattāpararattaṁ bodhipakkhiyānaṁ dhammānaṁ bhāvanānuyogaṁ anuyuttā viharissāmā’ti. 
‘We will guard our sense doors, eat in moderation, be dedicated to wakefulness, discern skillful qualities, and pursue the development of the qualities that lead to awakening in the evening and toward dawn.’ 

vicikicchaṁ pahāya tiṇṇavicikiccho viharati akathaṅkathī kusalesu dhammesu, vicikicchāya cittaṁ parisodheti.  Giving up doubt, he meditates having gone beyond doubt, not undecided about skillful qualities, cleansing the mind of doubt. 

Yatvādhikaraṇamenaṁ cakkhundriyaṁ asaṁvutaṁ viharantaṁ abhijjhādomanassā pāpakā akusalā dhammā anvāssaveyyuṁ, tassa saṁvarāya paṭipajjati; rakkhati cakkhundriyaṁ; cakkhundriye saṁvaraṁ āpajjati.  If the faculty of sight were left unrestrained, bad unskillful qualities of covetousness and displeasure would become overwhelming. For this reason, he practices restraint, protecting the faculty of sight, and achieving restraint over it. 
Yatvādhikaraṇamenaṁ manindriyaṁ asaṁvutaṁ viharantaṁ abhijjhādomanassā pāpakā akusalā dhammā anvāssaveyyuṁ, tassa saṁvarāya paṭipajjati; rakkhati manindriyaṁ; manindriye saṁvaraṁ āpajjati. 
If the faculty of mind were left unrestrained, bad unskillful qualities of covetousness and displeasure would become overwhelming. For this reason, he practices restraint, protecting the faculty of mind, and achieving restraint over it. 

Idha, bhikkhave, bhikkhu vivicceva kāmehi vivicca akusalehi dhammehi savitakkaṁ savicāraṁ vivekajaṁ pītisukhaṁ paṭhamaṁ jhānaṁ upasampajja viharati;  It’s when a mendicant, quite secluded from sensual pleasures, secluded from unskillful qualities, enters and remains in the first absorption, which has the rapture and bliss born of seclusion, while placing the mind and keeping it connected. 

āraddhavīriyo viharati thāmavā daḷhaparakkamo anikkhittadhuro kusalesu dhammesu;  They live with energy roused up. They’re strong, staunchly vigorous, not slacking off when it comes to developing skillful qualities. 

āraddhavīriyo viharati akusalānaṁ dhammānaṁ pahānāya kusalānaṁ dhammānaṁ upasampadāya thāmavā daḷhaparakkamo anikkhittadhuro kusalesu dhammesu—  They live with energy roused up for giving up unskillful qualities and embracing skillful qualities. They’re strong, staunchly vigorous, not slacking off when it comes to developing skillful qualities. 

āraddhavīriyo viharati akusalānaṁ dhammānaṁ pahānāya, kusalānaṁ dhammānaṁ upasampadāya, thāmavā daḷhaparakkamo anikkhittadhuro kusalesu dhammesu;  They live with energy roused up for giving up unskillful qualities and embracing skillful qualities. They’re strong, staunchly vigorous, not slacking off when it comes to developing skillful qualities. 
Ahaṁ khomhi āraddhavīriyo viharāmi akusalānaṁ dhammānaṁ pahānāya, kusalānaṁ dhammānaṁ upasampadāya, thāmavā daḷhaparakkamo anikkhittadhuro kusalesu dhammesu. 
I live with energy roused up for giving up unskillful qualities and embracing skillful qualities. I’m strong, staunchly vigorous, not slacking off when it comes to developing skillful qualities. 

āraddhavīriyo viharati akusalānaṁ dhammānaṁ pahānāya, kusalānaṁ dhammānaṁ upasampadāya, thāmavā daḷhaparakkamo anikkhittadhuro kusalesu dhammesu;  They live with energy roused up for giving up unskillful qualities and embracing skillful qualities. They’re strong, staunchly vigorous, not slacking off when it comes to developing skillful qualities. 
Ahaṁ khomhi āraddhavīriyo viharāmi akusalānaṁ dhammānaṁ pahānāya, kusalānaṁ dhammānaṁ upasampadāya, thāmavā daḷhaparakkamo anikkhittadhuro kusalesu dhammesu. 
energetic … 

Idha, bhikkhave, bhikkhu uppannaṁ kāmavitakkaṁ nādhivāseti, pajahati vinodeti hanati byantīkaroti anabhāvaṁ gameti; uppannaṁ byāpādavitakkaṁ …pe… uppannaṁ vihiṁsāvitakkaṁ …pe… uppannuppanne pāpake akusale dhamme nādhivāseti, pajahati vinodeti hanati byantīkaroti anabhāvaṁ gameti.  It’s when a mendicant doesn’t tolerate a sensual, malicious, or cruel thought. They don’t tolerate any bad, unskillful qualities that have arisen, but give them up, get rid of them, calm them, eliminate them, and obliterate them. 
Yatvādhikaraṇamenaṁ cakkhundriyaṁ asaṁvutaṁ viharantaṁ abhijjhādomanassā pāpakā akusalā dhammā anvāssaveyyuṁ, tassa saṁvarāya paṭipajjati; rakkhati cakkhundriyaṁ; cakkhundriye saṁvaraṁ āpajjati. 
If the faculty of sight were left unrestrained, bad unskillful qualities of covetousness and displeasure would become overwhelming. For this reason, they practice restraint, protecting the faculty of sight, and achieving restraint over it. 
Yatvādhikaraṇamenaṁ manindriyaṁ asaṁvutaṁ viharantaṁ abhijjhādomanassā pāpakā akusalā dhammā anvāssaveyyuṁ, tassa saṁvarāya paṭipajjati; rakkhati manindriyaṁ; manindriye saṁvaraṁ āpajjati. 
If the faculty of mind were left unrestrained, bad unskillful qualities of covetousness and displeasure would become overwhelming. For this reason, they practice restraint, protecting the faculty of mind, and achieving restraint over it. 

Idha, bhikkhave, ekacco puggalo kusalākusale dhamme na jānāti, sāvajjānavajje dhamme na jānāti, hīnappaṇīte dhamme na jānāti, kaṇhasukkasappaṭibhāge dhamme na jānāti.  It’s when they don’t know the difference between qualities that are skillful and unskillful, blameworthy and blameless, inferior and superior, and those on the side of dark and bright. 

tañca cetovimuttiṁ paññāvimuttiṁ yathābhūtaṁ nappajānāti yatthassa te uppannā pāpakā akusalā dhammā aparisesā nirujjhanti.  And they don’t truly understand the freedom of heart and freedom by wisdom where those arisen bad, unskillful qualities cease without anything left over. 
tañca cetovimuttiṁ paññāvimuttiṁ yathābhūtaṁ nappajānāti yatthassa te uppannā pāpakā akusalā dhammā aparisesā nirujjhanti. 
And they don’t understand … 
tañca cetovimuttiṁ paññāvimuttiṁ yathābhūtaṁ nappajānāti yatthassa te uppannā pāpakā akusalā dhammā aparisesā nirujjhanti. 
And they don’t understand … 
tañca cetovimuttiṁ paññāvimuttiṁ yathābhūtaṁ nappajānāti yatthassa te uppannā pāpakā akusalā dhammā aparisesā nirujjhanti. 
But they don’t understand … 
tañca cetovimuttiṁ paññāvimuttiṁ yathābhūtaṁ pajānāti yatthassa te uppannā pāpakā akusalā dhammā aparisesā nirujjhanti. 
And they do understand where those arisen bad, unskillful qualities cease without anything left over. 
tañca cetovimuttiṁ paññāvimuttiṁ yathābhūtaṁ nappajānāti yatthassa te uppannā pāpakā akusalā dhammā aparisesā nirujjhanti, 
And they don’t truly understand the freedom of heart and freedom by wisdom where those arisen bad, unskillful qualities cease without anything left over. 
tañca cetovimuttiṁ paññāvimuttiṁ yathābhūtaṁ nappajānāti yatthassa te uppannā pāpakā akusalā dhammā aparisesā nirujjhanti, 
And they don’t understand… 
tañca cetovimuttiṁ paññāvimuttiṁ yathābhūtaṁ nappajānāti yatthassa te uppannā pāpakā akusalā dhammā aparisesā nirujjhanti, 
And they don’t understand… 
tañca cetovimuttiṁ paññāvimuttiṁ yathābhūtaṁ nappajānāti yatthassa te uppannā pāpakā akusalā dhammā aparisesā nirujjhanti, 
But they don’t understand… 

“Pañcahi, bhikkhave, dhammehi samannāgato suṇantopi saddhammaṁ abhabbo niyāmaṁ okkamituṁ kusalesu dhammesu sammattaṁ.  “Mendicants, someone with five qualities is unable to enter the sure path with regards to skillful qualities even when listening to the true teaching. 
Imehi kho, bhikkhave, pañcahi dhammehi samannāgato suṇantopi saddhammaṁ abhabbo niyāmaṁ okkamituṁ kusalesu dhammesu sammattaṁ. 
Someone with these five qualities is unable to enter the sure path with regards to skillful qualities, even when listening to the true teaching. 
Pañcahi, bhikkhave, dhammehi samannāgato suṇanto saddhammaṁ bhabbo niyāmaṁ okkamituṁ kusalesu dhammesu sammattaṁ. 
Someone with five qualities is able to enter the sure path with regards to skillful qualities when listening to the true teaching. 
Imehi kho, bhikkhave, pañcahi dhammehi samannāgato suṇanto saddhammaṁ bhabbo niyāmaṁ okkamituṁ kusalesu dhammesu sammattan”ti. 
Someone with these five qualities is able to enter the sure path with regards to skillful qualities when listening to the true teaching.” 

“Pañcahi, bhikkhave, dhammehi samannāgato suṇantopi saddhammaṁ abhabbo niyāmaṁ okkamituṁ kusalesu dhammesu sammattaṁ.  “Mendicants, someone with five qualities is unable to enter the sure path with regards to skillful qualities even when listening to the true teaching. 
Imehi kho, bhikkhave, pañcahi dhammehi samannāgato suṇantopi saddhammaṁ abhabbo niyāmaṁ okkamituṁ kusalesu dhammesu sammattaṁ. 
Someone with these five qualities is unable to enter the sure path with regards to skillful qualities, even when listening to the true teaching. 
Pañcahi, bhikkhave, dhammehi samannāgato suṇanto saddhammaṁ bhabbo niyāmaṁ okkamituṁ kusalesu dhammesu sammattaṁ. 
Someone with five qualities is able to enter the sure path with regards to skillful qualities when listening to the true teaching. 
Imehi kho, bhikkhave, pañcahi dhammehi samannāgato suṇanto saddhammaṁ bhabbo niyāmaṁ okkamituṁ kusalesu dhammesu sammattan”ti. 
Someone with these five qualities is able to enter the sure path with regards to skillful qualities when listening to the true teaching.” 

“Pañcahi, bhikkhave, dhammehi samannāgato suṇantopi saddhammaṁ abhabbo niyāmaṁ okkamituṁ kusalesu dhammesu sammattaṁ.  “Mendicants, someone with five qualities is unable to enter the sure path with regards to skillful qualities even when listening to the true teaching. 
Imehi kho, bhikkhave, pañcahi dhammehi samannāgato suṇantopi saddhammaṁ abhabbo niyāmaṁ okkamituṁ kusalesu dhammesu sammattaṁ. 
Someone with these five qualities is unable to enter the sure path with regards to skillful qualities even when listening to the true teaching. 
Pañcahi, bhikkhave, dhammehi samannāgato suṇanto saddhammaṁ bhabbo niyāmaṁ okkamituṁ kusalesu dhammesu sammattaṁ. 
Someone with five qualities is able to enter the sure path with regards to skillful qualities when listening to the true teaching. 
Imehi kho, bhikkhave, pañcahi dhammehi samannāgato suṇanto saddhammaṁ bhabbo niyāmaṁ okkamituṁ kusalesu dhammesu sammattan”ti. 
Someone with these five qualities is able to enter the sure path with regards to skillful qualities when listening to the true teaching.” 

‘sace me pañhaṁ puṭṭho sammadeva byākarissati iccetaṁ kusalaṁ, no ce me pañhaṁ puṭṭho sammadeva byākarissati ahamassa sammadeva byākarissāmī’ti.  ‘If they correctly answer the question I ask it’s good. If not, I’ll correctly answer it for them.’ 
‘sace me pañhaṁ puṭṭho sammadeva byākarissati iccetaṁ kusalaṁ, no ce me pañhaṁ puṭṭho sammadeva byākarissati, ahamassa sammadeva byākarissāmī’”ti. 
‘If they correctly answer the question I ask it’s good. If not, I’ll correctly answer it for them.’” 

“Kittāvatā nu kho, āvuso sāriputta, bhikkhu khippanisanti ca hoti, kusalesu dhammesu suggahitaggāhī ca, bahuñca gaṇhāti, gahitañcassa nappamussatī”ti?  “Reverend Sāriputta, how are we to define a mendicant who is quick-witted when it comes to skillful teachings, who learns well, learns much, and does not forget what they’ve learned?” 
“Idhāvuso sāriputta, bhikkhu atthakusalo ca hoti, dhammakusalo ca, byañjanakusalo ca, niruttikusalo ca, pubbāparakusalo ca. 
“It’s when a mendicant is skilled in the meaning, skilled in the teaching, skilled in terminology, skilled in phrasing, and skilled in sequence. 
Ettāvatā kho, āvuso sāriputta, bhikkhu khippanisanti ca hoti kusalesu dhammesu, suggahitaggāhī ca, bahuñca gaṇhāti, gahitañcassa nappamussatī”ti. 
That is how to define a mendicant who is quick-witted when it comes to skillful teachings, who learns well, learns much, and does not forget what they’ve learned.” 
‘āyasmā ānando atthakusalo dhammakusalo byañjanakusalo niruttikusalo pubbāparakusalo’”ti. 
‘Reverend Ānanda is skilled in the meaning, skilled in the teaching, skilled in terminology, skilled in phrasing, and skilled in sequence.’” 

Yampissa akusalūpasaṁhitaṁ dukkhaṁ domanassaṁ, tampissa tasmiṁ samaye na hoti.  The pain and sadness connected with the unskillful. 
Yampissa akusalūpasaṁhitaṁ sukhaṁ somanassaṁ, tampissa tasmiṁ samaye na hoti. 
The pleasure and happiness connected with the unskillful. 
Yampissa kusalūpasaṁhitaṁ dukkhaṁ domanassaṁ, tampissa tasmiṁ samaye na hoti. 
The pain and sadness connected with the skillful. 
Yampissa akusalūpasaṁhitaṁ dukkhaṁ domanassaṁ, tampissa tasmiṁ samaye na hoti. 
The pain and sadness connected with the unskillful. 
Yampissa akusalūpasaṁhitaṁ sukhaṁ somanassaṁ, tampissa tasmiṁ samaye na hoti. 
The pleasure and happiness connected with the unskillful. 
Yampissa kusalūpasaṁhitaṁ dukkhaṁ domanassaṁ, tampissa tasmiṁ samaye na hoti. 
The pain and sadness connected with the skillful. 

Tassa kusalo bhisakko ṭhānaso ābādhaṁ nīhareyya;  A good doctor would cure them on the spot. 

Kusalāhaṁ, gahapati, kappāsaṁ kantituṁ veṇiṁ olikhituṁ.  I’m skilled at spinning cotton and carding wool. 

Soppasutta  Sleep 
Soppasutta → kusalasuttaṁ (bj) 
‘samaṇo vā brāhmaṇo vā yāvadatthaṁ seyyasukhaṁ passasukhaṁ middhasukhaṁ anuyutto indriyesu aguttadvāro bhojane amattaññū jāgariyaṁ ananuyutto avipassako kusalānaṁ dhammānaṁ pubbarattāpararattaṁ bodhipakkhiyānaṁ dhammānaṁ bhāvanānuyogaṁ ananuyutto āsavānaṁ khayā anāsavaṁ cetovimuttiṁ paññāvimuttiṁ diṭṭheva dhamme sayaṁ abhiññā sacchikatvā upasampajja viharanto’”ti? 
of an ascetic or brahmin who indulges in the pleasures of sleeping, lying down, and drowsing as much as they like? Their sense doors are unguarded, they eat too much, they’re not dedicated to wakefulness, they’re unable to discern skillful qualities, and they don’t pursue the development of the qualities that lead to awakening in the evening and toward dawn. Yet they realize the undefiled freedom of heart and freedom by wisdom in this very life. And they live having realized it with their own insight due to the ending of defilements.” 
‘samaṇo vā brāhmaṇo vā yāvadatthaṁ seyyasukhaṁ passasukhaṁ middhasukhaṁ anuyutto indriyesu aguttadvāro bhojane amattaññū jāgariyaṁ ananuyutto avipassako kusalānaṁ dhammānaṁ pubbarattāpararattaṁ bodhipakkhiyānaṁ dhammānaṁ bhāvanānuyogaṁ ananuyutto āsavānaṁ khayā anāsavaṁ cetovimuttiṁ paññāvimuttiṁ diṭṭheva dhamme sayaṁ abhiññā sacchikatvā upasampajja viharanto’ti. 
 
‘indriyesu guttadvārā bhavissāma, bhojane mattaññuno, jāgariyaṁ anuyuttā, vipassakā kusalānaṁ dhammānaṁ, pubbarattāpararattaṁ bodhipakkhiyānaṁ dhammānaṁ, bhāvanānuyogamanuyuttā viharissāmā’ti. 
‘We will guard our sense doors, eat in moderation, be dedicated to wakefulness, discern skillful qualities, and pursue the development of the qualities that lead to awakening in the evening and toward dawn.’ 

‘atthi nu kho me pāpakā akusalā dhammā appahīnā, ye me assu rattiṁ kālaṁ karontassa antarāyāyā’ti.  ‘Are there any bad, unskillful qualities that I haven’t given up, which might be an obstacle to my progress if I die tonight?’ 
‘atthi me pāpakā akusalā dhammā appahīnā, ye me assu rattiṁ kālaṁ karontassa antarāyāyā’ti, tena, bhikkhave, bhikkhunā tesaṁyeva pāpakānaṁ akusalānaṁ dhammānaṁ pahānāya adhimatto chando ca vāyāmo ca ussāho ca ussoḷhī ca appaṭivānī ca sati ca sampajaññañca karaṇīyaṁ. 
there are such bad, unskillful qualities. Then in order to give them up they should apply intense enthusiasm, effort, zeal, vigor, perseverance, mindfulness, and situational awareness. 
evamevaṁ kho, bhikkhave, tena bhikkhunā tesaṁyeva pāpakānaṁ akusalānaṁ dhammānaṁ pahānāya adhimatto chando ca vāyāmo ca ussāho ca ussoḷhī ca appaṭivānī ca sati ca sampajaññañca karaṇīyaṁ. 
In the same way, in order to give up those bad, unskillful qualities, that mendicant should apply intense enthusiasm … 
‘natthi me pāpakā akusalā dhammā appahīnā, ye me assu rattiṁ kālaṁ karontassa antarāyāyā’ti, tena, bhikkhave, bhikkhunā teneva pītipāmojjena vihātabbaṁ ahorattānusikkhinā kusalesu dhammesu. 
there are no such bad, unskillful qualities. Then that mendicant should meditate with rapture and joy, training day and night in skillful qualities. 
‘atthi nu kho me pāpakā akusalā dhammā appahīnā, ye me assu divā kālaṁ karontassa antarāyāyā’ti. 
‘Are there any bad, unskillful qualities that I haven’t given up, which might be an obstacle to my progress if I die today?’ 
‘atthi me pāpakā akusalā dhammā appahīnā, ye me assu divā kālaṁ karontassa antarāyāyā’ti, tena, bhikkhave, bhikkhunā tesaṁyeva pāpakānaṁ akusalānaṁ dhammānaṁ pahānāya adhimatto chando ca vāyāmo ca ussāho ca ussoḷhī ca appaṭivānī ca sati ca sampajaññañca karaṇīyaṁ. 
there are such bad, unskillful qualities. Then in order to give them up they should apply intense enthusiasm, effort, zeal, vigor, perseverance, mindfulness, and situational awareness. 
evamevaṁ kho, bhikkhave, tena bhikkhunā tesaṁyeva pāpakānaṁ akusalānaṁ dhammānaṁ pahānāya adhimatto chando ca vāyāmo ca ussāho ca ussoḷhī ca appaṭivānī ca sati ca sampajaññañca karaṇīyaṁ. 
In the same way, in order to give up those bad, unskillful qualities, that mendicant should apply intense enthusiasm … 
‘natthi me pāpakā akusalā dhammā appahīnā, ye me assu divā kālaṁ karontassa antarāyāyā’ti, tena, bhikkhave, bhikkhunā teneva pītipāmojjena vihātabbaṁ ahorattānusikkhinā kusalesu dhammesu. 
there are no such bad, unskillful qualities. Then that mendicant should meditate with rapture and joy, training day and night in skillful qualities. 

Tesaṁ vo, bhikkhave, alābhā tesaṁ dulladdhaṁ, ye vo devatāpi jānanti kusalehi dhammehi parihāyamāne.  “It’s unfortunate for those of you who even the deities know are declining in skillful qualities. 
Ye hi keci, bhikkhave, atītamaddhānaṁ parihāyiṁsu kusalehi dhammehi, sabbete imeheva chahi dhammehi parihāyiṁsu kusalehi dhammehi. 
Whether in the past, future, or present, all those who decline in skillful qualities do so because of these six qualities.” 
Yepi hi keci, bhikkhave, anāgatamaddhānaṁ parihāyissanti kusalehi dhammehi, sabbete imeheva chahi dhammehi parihāyissanti kusalehi dhammehi. 
 
Yepi hi keci, bhikkhave, etarahi parihāyanti kusalehi dhammehi, sabbete imeheva chahi dhammehi parihāyanti kusalehi dhammehī”ti. 
" 

Ye hi keci, bhikkhave, atītamaddhānaṁ na parihāyiṁsu kusalehi dhammehi, sabbete imeheva chahi dhammehi na parihāyiṁsu kusalehi dhammehi.  Whether in the past, future, or present, all those who have not declined in skillful qualities do so because of these six qualities.” 
Yepi hi keci, bhikkhave, anāgatamaddhānaṁ na parihāyissanti kusalehi dhammehi, sabbete imeheva chahi dhammehi na parihāyissanti kusalehi dhammehi. 
 
Yepi hi keci, bhikkhave, etarahi na parihāyanti kusalehi dhammehi, sabbete imeheva chahi dhammehi na parihāyanti kusalehi dhammehī”ti. 
" 

Idha, bhikkhave, bhikkhu samādhissa samāpattikusalo hoti, samādhissa ṭhitikusalo hoti, samādhissa vuṭṭhānakusalo hoti, samādhissa kallitakusalo hoti, samādhissa gocarakusalo hoti, samādhissa abhinīhārakusalo hoti.  It’s when a mendicant is skilled in entering immersion, skilled in remaining in immersion, skilled in emerging from immersion, skilled in gladdening the mind for immersion, skilled in the meditation subjects for immersion, and skilled in projecting the mind purified by immersion. 
kallitakusalo → kallatākusalo (bj, sya-all, km, mr); kallitākusalo (pts1ed) 

‘ettako puññābhisando kusalābhisando sukhassāhāro sovaggiko sukhavipāko saggasaṁvattaniko iṭṭhāya kantāya manāpāya hitāya sukhāya saṁvattatī’ti.  this is the extent of their overflowing merit, overflowing goodness that nurtures happiness and is conducive to heaven, ripening in happiness and leading to heaven. And it leads to what is likable, desirable, agreeable, to welfare and happiness. 
‘ettako puññābhisando kusalābhisando sukhassāhāro sovaggiko sukhavipāko saggasaṁvattaniko iṭṭhāya kantāya manāpāya hitāya sukhāya saṁvattatī’ti. 
 

evamevaṁ kho, bhikkhave, yassa kassaci saddhā natthi kusalesu dhammesu, hirī natthi kusalesu dhammesu, ottappaṁ natthi kusalesu dhammesu, vīriyaṁ natthi kusalesu dhammesu, paññā natthi kusalesu dhammesu—  In the same way, whoever has no faith, conscience, prudence, energy, and wisdom when it comes to skillful qualities 
Sa kho so, bhikkhave, daliddo assako anāḷhiko saddhāya asati kusalesu dhammesu, hiriyā asati kusalesu dhammesu, ottappe asati kusalesu dhammesu, vīriye asati kusalesu dhammesu, paññāya asati kusalesu dhammesu, kāyena duccaritaṁ carati, vācāya duccaritaṁ carati, manasā duccaritaṁ carati. 
Since they have no faith, conscience, prudence, energy, or wisdom when it comes to skillful qualities, they do bad things by way of body, speech, and mind. 
Tamenaṁ araññagataṁ vā rukkhamūlagataṁ vā suññāgāragataṁ vā vippaṭisārasahagatā pāpakā akusalavitakkā samudācaranti. 
When they go to a wilderness, the root of a tree, or an empty hut, they’re beset by remorseful, unskillful thoughts. 

kusalo tvaṁ pubbe agāriyabhūto vīṇāya tantissare”ti?  When you were still a layman, weren’t you a good player of the arched harp?” 

Evamevaṁ kho, ānanda, pūraṇena kassapena appaṭiññāya etesaṁ samaṇabrāhmaṇānaṁ imā chaḷabhijātiyo paññattā, yathā taṁ bālena abyattena akhettaññunā akusalena.  In the same way, Pūraṇa Kassapa has described these six classes of rebirth without the consent of those ascetics and brahmins. And he has done so in a foolish, incompetent, unskilled way, lacking common sense. 

uppannuppanne pāpake akusale dhamme nādhivāseti pajahati vinodeti byantīkaroti anabhāvaṁ gameti.  They don’t tolerate any bad, unskillful qualities that have arisen, but give them up, get rid of them, eliminate them, and obliterate them. 

‘imassa kho puggalassa vijjamānā kusalāpi dhammā akusalāpi dhammā’ti.  ‘Both skillful and unskillful qualities are found in this person.’ 
‘imassa kho puggalassa kusalā dhammā antarahitā, akusalā dhammā sammukhībhūtā. 
‘The skillful qualities of this person have vanished, but the unskillful qualities are still present. 
Atthi ca khvassa kusalamūlaṁ asamucchinnaṁ, tamhā tassa kusalā kusalaṁ pātubhavissati. 
Nevertheless, their skillful root is unbroken, and from that the skillful will appear. 
‘imassa kho puggalassa vijjamānā kusalāpi dhammā akusalāpi dhammā’ti. 
 
‘imassa kho puggalassa kusalā dhammā antarahitā, akusalā dhammā sammukhībhūtā. 
 
Atthi ca khvassa kusalamūlaṁ asamucchinnaṁ, tamhā tassa kusalā kusalaṁ pātubhavissati. 
 
‘imassa kho puggalassa vijjamānā kusalāpi dhammā akusalāpi dhammā’ti. 
‘Both skillful and unskillful qualities are found in this person.’ 
‘imassa kho puggalassa akusalā dhammā antarahitā, kusalā dhammā sammukhībhūtā. 
‘The unskillful qualities of this person have vanished, but the skillful qualities are still present. 
Atthi ca khvassa akusalamūlaṁ asamucchinnaṁ, tamhā tassa akusalā akusalaṁ pātubhavissati. 
Nevertheless, their unskillful root is unbroken, and from that the unskillful will appear. 
‘imassa kho puggalassa vijjamānā kusalāpi dhammā akusalāpi dhammā’ti. 
 
‘imassa kho puggalassa akusalā dhammā antarahitā, kusalā dhammā sammukhībhūtā. 
 
Atthi ca khvassa akusalamūlaṁ asamucchinnaṁ, tamhā tassa akusalā akusalaṁ pātubhavissati. 
 
‘imassa kho puggalassa vijjamānā kusalāpi dhammā akusalāpi dhammā’ti. 
‘Both skillful and unskillful qualities are found in this person.’ 
‘natthi imassa puggalassa vālaggakoṭinittudanamattopi sukko dhammo, samannāgatoyaṁ puggalo ekantakāḷakehi akusalehi dhammehi, kāyassa bhedā paraṁ maraṇā apāyaṁ duggatiṁ vinipātaṁ nirayaṁ upapajjissatī’ti. 
‘This person has not even a fraction of a hair’s tip of goodness. They have exclusively dark, unskillful qualities. When their body breaks up, after death, they will be reborn in a place of loss, a bad place, the underworld, hell.’ 
‘imassa kho puggalassa vijjamānā kusalāpi dhammā akusalāpi dhammā’ti. 
 
‘natthi imassa puggalassa vālaggakoṭinittudanamattopi sukko dhammo, samannāgatoyaṁ puggalo ekantakāḷakehi akusalehi dhammehi, kāyassa bhedā paraṁ maraṇā apāyaṁ duggatiṁ vinipātaṁ nirayaṁ upapajjissatī’ti. 
‘This person has not even a fraction of a hair’s tip of goodness. They have exclusively dark, unskillful qualities. When their body breaks up, after death, they will be reborn in a place of loss, a bad place, the underworld, hell.’ …” 
‘imassa kho puggalassa vijjamānā kusalāpi dhammā akusalāpi dhammā’ti. 
‘Both skillful and unskillful qualities are found in this person.’ 
‘imassa kho puggalassa kusalā dhammā antarahitā, akusalā dhammā sammukhībhūtā. 
‘The skillful qualities of this person have vanished, but the unskillful qualities are still present. 
Atthi ca khvassa kusalamūlaṁ asamucchinnaṁ, tampi sabbena sabbaṁ samugghātaṁ gacchati. 
Nevertheless, their skillful root is unbroken, but it’s about to be totally destroyed. 
‘imassa kho puggalassa vijjamānā kusalāpi dhammā akusalāpi dhammā’ti. 
 
‘imassa kho puggalassa kusalā dhammā antarahitā, akusalā dhammā sammukhībhūtā. 
 
Atthi ca khvassa kusalamūlaṁ asamucchinnaṁ, tampi sabbena sabbaṁ samugghātaṁ gacchati. 
 
‘imassa kho puggalassa vijjamānā kusalāpi dhammā akusalāpi dhammā’ti. 
‘Both skillful and unskillful qualities are found in this person.’ 
‘imassa kho puggalassa akusalā dhammā antarahitā, kusalā dhammā sammukhībhūtā. 
‘The unskillful qualities of this person have vanished, but the skillful qualities are still present. 
Atthi ca khvassa akusalamūlaṁ asamucchinnaṁ, tampi sabbena sabbaṁ samugghātaṁ gacchati. 
Nevertheless, their unskillful root is unbroken, but it’s about to be totally destroyed. 
‘imassa kho puggalassa vijjamānā kusalāpi dhammā akusalāpi dhammā’ti. 
 
‘imassa kho puggalassa akusalā dhammā antarahitā, kusalā dhammā sammukhībhūtā. 
 
Atthi ca khvassa akusalamūlaṁ asamucchinnaṁ, tampi sabbena sabbaṁ samugghātaṁ gacchati. 
 
‘imassa kho puggalassa vijjamānā kusalāpi dhammā akusalāpi dhammā’ti. 
‘Both skillful and unskillful qualities are found in this person.’ 
‘natthi imassa puggalassa vālaggakoṭinittudanamattopi akusalo dhammo, samannāgatoyaṁ puggalo ekantasukkehi anavajjehi dhammehi, diṭṭheva dhamme parinibbāyissatī’ti. 
‘This person has not even a fraction of a hair’s tip of unskillful qualities. They have exclusively bright, blameless qualities. They will become extinguished in this very life.’ 
‘imassa kho puggalassa vijjamānā kusalāpi dhammā akusalāpi dhammā’ti. 
 
‘natthi imassa puggalassa vālaggakoṭinittudanamattopi akusalo dhammo, samannāgatoyaṁ puggalo ekantasukkehi anavajjehi dhammehi, diṭṭheva dhamme parinibbāyissatī’ti. 
‘This person has not even a fraction of a hair’s tip of unskillful qualities. They have exclusively bright, blameless qualities. They will become extinguished in this very life.’ 

Idha, bhikkhave, bhikkhu na samādhissa samāpattikusalo hoti, na samādhissa ṭhitikusalo hoti, na samādhissa vuṭṭhānakusalo hoti, asakkaccakārī ca hoti, asātaccakārī ca, asappāyakārī ca.  It’s when a mendicant is not skilled in entering immersion, skilled in remaining in immersion, or skilled in emerging from immersion. And they don’t practice carefully and persistently, and they don’t do what’s suitable. 
Idha, bhikkhave, bhikkhu samādhissa samāpattikusalo hoti, samādhissa ṭhitikusalo hoti, samādhissa vuṭṭhānakusalo hoti, sakkaccakārī ca hoti, sātaccakārī ca, sappāyakārī ca. 
It’s when a mendicant is skilled in entering immersion, skilled in remaining in immersion, and skilled in emerging from immersion. And they practice carefully and persistently, and do what’s suitable. 

“Chahi, bhikkhave, dhammehi samannāgato bhikkhu abhabbo anadhigataṁ vā kusalaṁ dhammaṁ adhigantuṁ, adhigataṁ vā kusalaṁ dhammaṁ phātiṁ kātuṁ.  “Mendicants, a mendicant who has six qualities is unable to acquire more skillful qualities or to increase the skillful qualities they’ve already acquired. 
Idha, bhikkhave, bhikkhu na āyakusalo ca hoti, na apāyakusalo ca hoti, na upāyakusalo ca hoti, anadhigatānaṁ kusalānaṁ dhammānaṁ adhigamāya na chandaṁ janeti, adhigate kusale dhamme na ārakkhati, sātaccakiriyāya na sampādeti. 
It’s when a mendicant is not skilled in progress, skilled in regress, or skilled in means. They don’t generate enthusiasm to achieve skillful qualities not yet achieved. They don’t protect skillful qualities they have achieved. And they don’t try to persevere in the task. 
Imehi kho, bhikkhave, chahi dhammehi samannāgato bhikkhu abhabbo anadhigataṁ vā kusalaṁ dhammaṁ adhigantuṁ, adhigataṁ vā kusalaṁ dhammaṁ phātiṁ kātuṁ. 
A mendicant who has these six qualities is unable to acquire more skillful qualities or to increase the skillful qualities they’ve already acquired. 
Chahi, bhikkhave, dhammehi samannāgato bhikkhu bhabbo anadhigataṁ vā kusalaṁ dhammaṁ adhigantuṁ, adhigataṁ vā kusalaṁ dhammaṁ phātiṁ kātuṁ. 
A mendicant who has six qualities is able to acquire more skillful qualities or to increase the skillful qualities they’ve already acquired. 
Idha, bhikkhave, bhikkhu āyakusalo ca hoti, apāyakusalo ca hoti, upāyakusalo ca hoti, anadhigatānaṁ kusalānaṁ dhammānaṁ adhigamāya chandaṁ janeti, adhigate kusale dhamme ārakkhati, sātaccakiriyāya sampādeti. 
It’s when a mendicant is skilled in progress, skilled in regress, and skilled in means. They generate enthusiasm to achieve skillful qualities not yet achieved. They protect skillful qualities they have achieved. And they try to persevere in the task. 
Imehi kho, bhikkhave, chahi dhammehi samannāgato bhikkhu bhabbo anadhigataṁ vā kusalaṁ dhammaṁ adhigantuṁ, adhigataṁ vā kusalaṁ dhammaṁ phātiṁ kātun”ti. 
A mendicant who has these six qualities is able to acquire more skillful qualities or to increase the skillful qualities they’ve already acquired.” 

Idha, bhikkhave, bhikkhu ālokabahulo ca hoti yogabahulo ca vedabahulo ca asantuṭṭhibahulo ca anikkhittadhuro ca kusalesu dhammesu uttari ca patāreti.  It’s when a mendicant is full of light, full of practice, full of inspiration, and full of eagerness. They don’t slack off when it comes to developing skillful qualities. They reach further. 

“Chahi, bhikkhave, dhammehi samannāgatassa bhikkhuno yā ratti vā divaso vā āgacchati hāniyeva pāṭikaṅkhā kusalesu dhammesu, no vuddhi.  “Mendicants, a mendicant with six qualities can expect decline, not growth, in skillful qualities, whether by day or by night. 
Imehi kho, bhikkhave, chahi dhammehi samannāgatassa bhikkhuno yā ratti vā divaso vā āgacchati hāniyeva pāṭikaṅkhā kusalesu dhammesu, no vuddhi. 
A mendicant with these six qualities can expect decline, not growth, in skillful qualities, whether by day or by night. 
Chahi, bhikkhave, dhammehi samannāgatassa bhikkhuno yā ratti vā divaso vā āgacchati vuddhiyeva pāṭikaṅkhā kusalesu dhammesu, no parihāni. 
A mendicant with six qualities can expect growth, not decline, in skillful qualities, whether by day or by night. 
Imehi kho, bhikkhave, chahi dhammehi samannāgatassa bhikkhuno yā ratti vā divaso vā āgacchati vuddhiyeva pāṭikaṅkhā, kusalesu dhammesu no parihānī”ti. 
A mendicant with these six qualities can expect growth, not decline, in skillful qualities, whether by day or by night.” 

“Chahi, bhikkhave, dhammehi samannāgato suṇantopi saddhammaṁ abhabbo niyāmaṁ okkamituṁ kusalesu dhammesu sammattaṁ.  “Mendicants, someone with six qualities is unable to enter the sure path with regards to skillful qualities even when listening to the true teaching. 
Imehi kho, bhikkhave, chahi dhammehi samannāgato suṇantopi saddhammaṁ abhabbo niyāmaṁ okkamituṁ kusalesu dhammesu sammattaṁ. 
Someone with these six qualities is unable to enter the sure path with regards to skillful qualities, even when listening to the true teaching. 
Chahi, bhikkhave, dhammehi samannāgato suṇanto saddhammaṁ bhabbo niyāmaṁ okkamituṁ kusalesu dhammesu sammattaṁ. 
Someone with six qualities is able to enter the sure path with regards to skillful qualities when listening to the true teaching. 
Imehi kho, bhikkhave, chahi dhammehi samannāgato suṇanto saddhammaṁ bhabbo niyāmaṁ okkamituṁ kusalesu dhammesu sammattan”ti. 
Someone with these six qualities is able to enter the sure path with regards to skillful qualities when listening to the true teaching.” 

“Chahi, bhikkhave, dhammehi samannāgato suṇantopi saddhammaṁ abhabbo niyāmaṁ okkamituṁ kusalesu dhammesu sammattaṁ.  “Mendicants, someone with six qualities is unable to enter the sure path with regards to skillful qualities even when listening to the true teaching. 
Imehi kho, bhikkhave, chahi dhammehi samannāgato suṇantopi saddhammaṁ abhabbo niyāmaṁ okkamituṁ kusalesu dhammesu sammattaṁ. 
Someone with these six qualities is unable to enter the sure path with regards to skillful qualities, even when listening to the true teaching. 
Chahi, bhikkhave, dhammehi samannāgato suṇanto saddhammaṁ bhabbo niyāmaṁ okkamituṁ kusalesu dhammesu sammattaṁ. 
Someone with six qualities is able to enter the sure path with regards to skillful qualities when listening to the true teaching. 
Imehi kho, bhikkhave, chahi dhammehi samannāgato suṇanto saddhammaṁ bhabbo niyāmaṁ okkamituṁ kusalesu dhammesu sammattan”ti. 
Someone with these six qualities is able to enter the sure path with regards to skillful qualities when listening to the true teaching.” 

“Chahi, bhikkhave, dhammehi samannāgato suṇantopi saddhammaṁ abhabbo niyāmaṁ okkamituṁ kusalesu dhammesu sammattaṁ.  “Mendicants, someone with six qualities is unable to enter the sure path with regards to skillful qualities even when listening to the true teaching. 
Imehi kho, bhikkhave, chahi dhammehi samannāgato suṇantopi saddhammaṁ abhabbo niyāmaṁ okkamituṁ kusalesu dhammesu sammattaṁ. 
Someone with these six qualities is unable to enter the sure path with regards to skillful qualities, even when listening to the true teaching. 
Chahi, bhikkhave, dhammehi samannāgato suṇanto saddhammaṁ bhabbo niyāmaṁ okkamituṁ kusalesu dhammesu sammattaṁ. 
Someone with six qualities is able to enter the sure path with regards to skillful qualities when listening to the true teaching. 
Imehi kho, bhikkhave, chahi dhammehi samannāgato suṇanto saddhammaṁ bhabbo niyāmaṁ okkamituṁ kusalesu dhammesu sammattan”ti. 
Someone with these six qualities is able to enter the sure path with regards to skillful qualities when listening to the true teaching.” 

Tathāgatassa arahato sammāsambuddhassa pātubhāvo dullabho lokasmiṁ, tathāgatappaveditassa dhammavinayassa desetā puggalo dullabho lokasmiṁ, ariyāyatane paccājāti dullabhā lokasmiṁ, indriyānaṁ avekallatā dullabhā lokasmiṁ, ajaḷatā aneḷamūgatā dullabhā lokasmiṁ, kusale dhamme chando dullabho lokasmiṁ.  A Realized One, a perfected one, a fully awakened Buddha. A teacher of the teaching and training proclaimed by a Realized One. Rebirth in a civilized region. Unimpaired sense faculties. Being bright and clever. Enthusiasm for skillful qualities. 
paccājāti dullabhā → paccājāto dullabho (sya-all) | kusale dhamme chando → kusaladhammacchando (bj, sya-all, pts1ed) 

Idha, bhikkhave, ariyasāvako āraddhavīriyo viharati akusalānaṁ dhammānaṁ pahānāya, kusalānaṁ dhammānaṁ upasampadāya, thāmavā daḷhaparakkamo anikkhittadhuro kusalesu dhammesu.  It’s when a noble disciple lives with energy roused up for giving up unskillful qualities and embracing skillful qualities. They’re strong, staunchly vigorous, not slacking off when it comes to developing skillful qualities. 
Idha, bhikkhave, ariyasāvako hirīmā hoti, hirīyati kāyaduccaritena vacīduccaritena manoduccaritena, hirīyati pāpakānaṁ akusalānaṁ dhammānaṁ samāpattiyā. 
It’s when a noble disciple has a conscience. They’re conscientious about bad conduct by way of body, speech, and mind, and conscientious about acquiring any bad, unskillful qualities. 
Idha, bhikkhave, ariyasāvako ottappī hoti, ottappati kāyaduccaritena vacīduccaritena manoduccaritena, ottappati pāpakānaṁ akusalānaṁ dhammānaṁ samāpattiyā. 
It’s when a noble disciple is prudent. They’re prudent when it comes to bad conduct by way of body, speech, and mind, and prudent when it comes to the acquiring of any bad, unskillful qualities. 

Idha, bhikkhave, ariyasāvako hirīmā hoti, hirīyati kāyaduccaritena vacīduccaritena manoduccaritena, hirīyati pāpakānaṁ akusalānaṁ dhammānaṁ samāpattiyā.  It’s when a noble disciple has a conscience. They’re conscientious about bad conduct by way of body, speech, and mind, and conscientious about having any bad, unskillful qualities. 
Idha, bhikkhave, ariyasāvako ottappī hoti, ottappati kāyaduccaritena vacīduccaritena manoduccaritena, ottappati pāpakānaṁ akusalānaṁ dhammānaṁ samāpattiyā. 
It’s when a noble disciple is prudent. They’re prudent when it comes to bad conduct by way of body, speech, and mind, and prudent when it comes to the acquiring of any bad, unskillful qualities. 

Idha, bhikkhave, ekacco puggalo samannāgato hoti ekantakāḷakehi akusalehi dhammehi.  It’s the kind of person who has exclusively dark, unskillful qualities. 
Idha, bhikkhave, ekacco puggalo ummujjati sādhu saddhā kusalesu dhammesu, sādhu hirī …pe… 
It’s the kind of person who, rising up, thinks: ‘It’s good to have faith, conscience, prudence, energy, and wisdom regarding skillful qualities.’ 
sādhu paññā kusalesu dhammesūti. 
 
Idha, bhikkhave, ekacco puggalo ummujjati sādhu saddhā kusalesu dhammesu, sādhu hirī …pe… 
It’s the kind of person who, rising up, thinks: ‘It’s good to have faith, conscience, prudence, energy, and wisdom regarding skillful qualities.’ 
sādhu paññā kusalesu dhammesūti. 
 
Idha, bhikkhave, ekacco puggalo ummujjati sādhu saddhā kusalesu dhammesu, sādhu hirī …pe… 
It’s the kind of person who, rising up, thinks: ‘It’s good to have faith, conscience, prudence, energy, and wisdom regarding skillful qualities.’ 
sādhu paññā kusalesu dhammesūti. 
 
Idha, bhikkhave, ekacco puggalo ummujjati sādhu saddhā kusalesu dhammesu, sādhu hirī …pe… 
It’s the kind of person who, rising up, thinks: ‘It’s good to have faith, conscience, prudence, energy, and wisdom regarding skillful qualities.’ 
sādhu paññā kusalesu dhammesūti. 
 
Idha, bhikkhave, ekacco puggalo ummujjati sādhu saddhā kusalesu dhammesu, sādhu hirī …pe… 
It’s the kind of person who, rising up, thinks: ‘It’s good to have faith, conscience, prudence, energy, and wisdom regarding skillful qualities.’ 
sādhu paññā kusalesu dhammesūti. 
 
Idha, bhikkhave, ekacco puggalo ummujjati sādhu saddhā kusalesu dhammesu, sādhu hirī …pe… 
It’s the kind of person who, rising up, thinks: ‘It’s good to have faith, conscience, prudence, energy, and wisdom regarding skillful qualities.’ 
sādhu paññā kusalesu dhammesūti. 
 

Idha, bhikkhave, bhikkhu samādhikusalo hoti, samādhissa samāpattikusalo hoti, samādhissa ṭhitikusalo hoti, samādhissa vuṭṭhānakusalo hoti, samādhissa kalyāṇakusalo hoti, samādhissa gocarakusalo hoti, samādhissa abhinīhārakusalo hoti.  It’s when a mendicant is skilled at immersion, skilled in entering immersion, skilled in remaining in immersion, skilled in emerging from immersion, skilled in gladdening the mind for immersion, skilled in the meditation subjects for immersion, and skilled in projecting the mind purified by immersion. 

Idha, bhikkhave, sāriputto samādhikusalo hoti, samādhissa samāpattikusalo, samādhissa ṭhitikusalo, samādhissa vuṭṭhānakusalo, samādhissa kalyāṇakusalo, samādhissa gocarakusalo, samādhissa abhinīhārakusalo hoti.  Sāriputta is skilled at immersion, skilled in entering immersion, skilled in remaining in immersion, skilled in emerging from immersion, skilled in gladdening the mind for immersion, skilled in the meditation subjects for immersion, and skilled in projecting the mind purified by immersion. 

“Aggiṁ, brāhmaṇa, ādento yūpaṁ ussāpento pubbeva yaññā tīṇi satthāni ussāpeti akusalāni dukkhudrayāni dukkhavipākāni.  “Even before kindling the sacrificial fire and raising the sacrificial post, one raises three unskillful knives which ripen and result in suffering. 
So ‘puññaṁ karomī’ti apuññaṁ karoti, ‘kusalaṁ karomī’ti akusalaṁ karoti, ‘sugatiyā maggaṁ pariyesāmī’ti duggatiyā maggaṁ pariyesati. 
Thinking, ‘May I make goodness’, one makes wickedness. Thinking, ‘May I do good’, one does bad. Thinking, ‘May I seek the path to a good rebirth’, one seeks the path to a bad rebirth. 
Aggiṁ, brāhmaṇa, ādento yūpaṁ ussāpento pubbeva yaññā idaṁ paṭhamaṁ manosatthaṁ ussāpeti akusalaṁ dukkhudrayaṁ dukkhavipākaṁ. 
Even before kindling the sacrificial fire and raising the sacrificial post one raises this first unskillful mental knife which ripens and results in suffering. 
So ‘puññaṁ karomī’ti apuññaṁ karoti, ‘kusalaṁ karomī’ti akusalaṁ karoti, ‘sugatiyā maggaṁ pariyesāmī’ti duggatiyā maggaṁ pariyesati. 
Thinking, ‘May I make goodness’, one makes wickedness. Thinking, ‘May I do good’, one does bad. Thinking, ‘May I seek the path to a good rebirth’, one seeks the path to a bad rebirth. 
Aggiṁ, brāhmaṇa, ādento yūpaṁ ussāpento pubbeva yaññā idaṁ dutiyaṁ vacīsatthaṁ ussāpeti akusalaṁ dukkhudrayaṁ dukkhavipākaṁ. 
Even before kindling the sacrificial fire and raising the sacrificial post one raises this second unskillful verbal knife which ripens and results in suffering. 
So ‘puññaṁ karomī’ti apuññaṁ karoti, ‘kusalaṁ karomī’ti akusalaṁ karoti, ‘sugatiyā maggaṁ pariyesāmī’ti duggatiyā maggaṁ pariyesati. 
Thinking, ‘May I make goodness’, one makes wickedness. Thinking, ‘May I do good’, one does bad. Thinking, ‘May I seek the path to a good rebirth’, one seeks the path to a bad rebirth. 
Aggiṁ, brāhmaṇa, ādento yūpaṁ ussāpento pubbeva yaññā idaṁ tatiyaṁ kāyasatthaṁ ussāpeti akusalaṁ dukkhudrayaṁ dukkhavipākaṁ. 
Even before kindling the sacrificial fire and raising the sacrificial post, one raises this third unskillful bodily knife which ripens and results in suffering. 
Aggiṁ, brāhmaṇa, ādento yūpaṁ ussāpento pubbeva yaññā imāni tīṇi satthāni ussāpeti akusalāni dukkhudrayāni dukkhavipākāni. 
Even before kindling the sacrificial fire and raising the sacrificial post, one raises these three unskillful knives which ripen and result in suffering. 

Idhāhaṁ, bhante, yāvade ākaṅkhāmi vivicceva kāmehi vivicca akusalehi dhammehi savitakkaṁ savicāraṁ vivekajaṁ pītisukhaṁ paṭhamaṁ jhānaṁ upasampajja viharāmi.  Whenever I want, quite secluded from sensual pleasures, secluded from unskillful qualities, I enter and remain in the first absorption, which has the rapture and bliss born of seclusion, while placing the mind and keeping it connected. 

Kusalānaṁ sukhesino;  of skillful deeds, for one seeking happiness. 

Yathā metaṁ akusalaṁ,  An astute person should cut out 

Saddhesiko, bhikkhave, ariyasāvako akusalaṁ pajahati, kusalaṁ bhāveti;  A noble disciple with faith as their pillar gives up the unskillful and develops the skillful, 
Evamevaṁ kho, bhikkhave, ariyasāvako hirīmā hoti, hirīyati kāyaduccaritena vacīduccaritena manoduccaritena, hirīyati pāpakānaṁ akusalānaṁ dhammānaṁ samāpattiyā. 
in the same way a noble disciple has a conscience. They’re conscientious about bad conduct by way of body, speech, and mind, and conscientious about having any bad, unskillful qualities. 
Hirīparikkho kho, bhikkhave, ariyasāvako akusalaṁ pajahati, kusalaṁ bhāveti; 
A noble disciple with a conscience as their moat gives up the unskillful and develops the skillful, 
Evamevaṁ, kho, bhikkhave, ariyasāvako ottappī hoti, ottappati kāyaduccaritena vacīduccaritena manoduccaritena, ottappati pāpakānaṁ akusalānaṁ dhammānaṁ samāpattiyā. 
in the same way a noble disciple is prudent. They’re prudent when it comes to bad conduct by way of body, speech, and mind, and prudent when it comes to acquiring any bad, unskillful qualities. 
Ottappapariyāyapatho, bhikkhave, ariyasāvako akusalaṁ pajahati, kusalaṁ bhāveti; 
A noble disciple with prudence as their patrol path gives up the unskillful and develops the skillful, 
Sutāvudho, bhikkhave, ariyasāvako akusalaṁ pajahati, kusalaṁ bhāveti; 
A noble disciple with learning as their weapon gives up the unskillful and develops the skillful, 
Evamevaṁ kho, bhikkhave, ariyasāvako āraddhavīriyo viharati akusalānaṁ dhammānaṁ pahānāya, kusalānaṁ dhammānaṁ upasampadāya, thāmavā daḷhaparakkamo anikkhittadhuro kusalesu dhammesu. 
in the same way a noble disciple is energetic. They live with energy roused up for giving up unskillful qualities and embracing skillful qualities. They are strong, staunchly vigorous, not slacking off when it comes to developing skillful qualities. 
Vīriyabalakāyo, bhikkhave, ariyasāvako akusalaṁ pajahati, kusalaṁ bhāveti; 
A noble disciple with energy as their armed forces gives up the unskillful and develops the skillful, 
Satidovāriko, bhikkhave, ariyasāvako akusalaṁ pajahati, kusalaṁ bhāveti; 
A noble disciple with mindfulness as their gatekeeper gives up the unskillful and develops the skillful, 
Paññāvāsanalepanasampanno, bhikkhave, ariyasāvako akusalaṁ pajahati, kusalaṁ bhāveti; 
A noble disciple with wisdom as their wall gives up the unskillful and develops the skillful, 

“kiṁ nu kho, bhikkhu, sakkatvā garuṁ katvā upanissāya viharanto akusalaṁ pajaheyya, kusalaṁ bhāveyyā”ti?  “What should a mendicant honor and respect and rely on, to give up the unskillful and develop the skillful?” 
“satthāraṁ kho, bhikkhu, sakkatvā garuṁ katvā upanissāya viharanto akusalaṁ pajaheyya, kusalaṁ bhāveyya. 
“A mendicant should honor and respect and rely on the Teacher … 
paṭisanthāraṁ kho, bhikkhu sakkatvā garuṁ katvā upanissāya viharanto akusalaṁ pajaheyya, kusalaṁ bhāveyyā”ti. 
A mendicant should honor and respect and rely on hospitality, to give up the unskillful and develop the skillful.” 
‘kiṁ nu kho bhikkhu sakkatvā garuṁ katvā upanissāya viharanto akusalaṁ pajaheyya, kusalaṁ bhāveyyā’ti? 
 
‘satthāraṁ kho bhikkhu sakkatvā garuṁ katvā upanissāya viharanto akusalaṁ pajaheyya, kusalaṁ bhāveyya. 
 
kusalaṁ bhāveyyā’ti. 
 
Satthāraṁ kho, sāriputta, bhikkhu sakkatvā garuṁ katvā upanissāya viharanto akusalaṁ pajaheyya, kusalaṁ bhāveyya. 
A mendicant should honor and respect and rely on the Teacher, to give up the unskillful and develop the skillful. 
Dhammaṁ kho, sāriputta, bhikkhu sakkatvā garuṁ katvā upanissāya viharanto akusalaṁ pajaheyya, kusalaṁ bhāveyya. 
A mendicant should honor and respect and rely on the teaching … 
paṭisanthāraṁ kho, sāriputta, bhikkhu sakkatvā garuṁ katvā upanissāya viharanto akusalaṁ pajaheyya, kusalaṁ bhāveyyā”ti. 
A mendicant should honor and respect and rely on hospitality, to give up the unskillful and develop the skillful.” 

‘appakaṁ, brāhmaṇa, jīvitaṁ manussānaṁ parittaṁ lahukaṁ bahudukkhaṁ bahupāyāsaṁ mantāyaṁ boddhabbaṁ, kattabbaṁ kusalaṁ, caritabbaṁ brahmacariyaṁ, natthi jātassa amaraṇaṁ.  ‘Brahmins, life as a human is short, brief, and fleeting, full of suffering and distress. Be thoughtful and wake up! Do what’s good and lead the spiritual life, for no-one born can escape death. 
evamevaṁ kho, brāhmaṇa, ussāvabindūpamaṁ jīvitaṁ manussānaṁ parittaṁ lahukaṁ bahudukkhaṁ bahupāyāsaṁ mantāyaṁ boddhabbaṁ, kattabbaṁ kusalaṁ, caritabbaṁ brahmacariyaṁ, natthi jātassa amaraṇaṁ. 
In the same way, life as a human is like a dewdrop. It’s brief and fleeting, full of suffering and distress. Be thoughtful and wake up! Do what’s good and lead the spiritual life, for no-one born can escape death. 
evamevaṁ kho, brāhmaṇa, udakabubbuḷūpamaṁ jīvitaṁ manussānaṁ parittaṁ lahukaṁ bahudukkhaṁ bahupāyāsaṁ mantāyaṁ boddhabbaṁ, kattabbaṁ kusalaṁ, caritabbaṁ brahmacariyaṁ, natthi jātassa amaraṇaṁ. 
In the same way, life as a human is like a bubble. … 
evamevaṁ kho, brāhmaṇa, govajjhūpamaṁ jīvitaṁ manussānaṁ parittaṁ lahukaṁ bahudukkhaṁ bahupāyāsaṁ mantāyaṁ boddhabbaṁ, kattabbaṁ kusalaṁ, caritabbaṁ brahmacariyaṁ, natthi jātassa amaraṇan’ti. 
In the same way, life as a human is like a cow being slaughtered. It’s brief and fleeting, full of suffering and distress. Be thoughtful and wake up! Do what’s good and lead the spiritual life, for no-one born can escape death.’ 
‘appakaṁ, brāhmaṇa, jīvitaṁ manussānaṁ parittaṁ lahukaṁ bahudukkhaṁ bahupāyāsaṁ mantāyaṁ boddhabbaṁ, kattabbaṁ kusalaṁ, caritabbaṁ brahmacariyaṁ, natthi jātassa amaraṇan’ti. 
‘Life as a human is short, brief, and fleeting, full of suffering and distress. Be thoughtful and wake up! Do what’s good and lead the spiritual life, for no-one born can escape death.’ 
‘appakaṁ jīvitaṁ manussānaṁ parittaṁ lahukaṁ bahudukkhaṁ bahupāyāsaṁ mantāyaṁ boddhabbaṁ, kattabbaṁ kusalaṁ, caritabbaṁ brahmacariyaṁ, natthi jātassa amaraṇan’ti. 
‘Life as a human is short, brief, and fleeting, full of suffering and distress. Be thoughtful and wake up! Do what’s good and lead the spiritual life, for no-one born can escape death.’ 

Mettāyati kusalī tena hoti;  makes you a true person. 

Āraddhavīriyo viharati akusalānaṁ dhammānaṁ pahānāya, kusalānaṁ dhammānaṁ upasampadāya, thāmavā daḷhaparakkamo anikkhittadhuro kusalesu dhammesu.  They live with energy roused up for giving up unskillful qualities and embracing skillful qualities. They’re strong, staunchly vigorous, not slacking off when it comes to developing skillful qualities. 
‘Āraddhavīriyo kho panāyamāyasmā viharati akusalānaṁ dhammānaṁ pahānāya, kusalānaṁ dhammānaṁ upasampadāya, thāmavā daḷhaparakkamo anikkhittadhuro kusalesu dhammesu. 
‘This venerable lives with energy roused up … 

‘evaṁ me puratthimaṁ disaṁ ālokayato nābhijjhādomanassā pāpakā akusalā dhammā anvāssavissantī’ti.  ‘When I look to the east, bad, unskillful qualities of covetousness and displeasure will not overwhelm me.’ 
‘evaṁ me anudisaṁ anuvilokayato nābhijjhādomanassā pāpakā akusalā dhammā anvāssavissantī’ti. 
‘When I survey the intermediate directions, bad, unskillful qualities of covetousness and displeasure will not overwhelm me.’ 

Ahañhi, brāhmaṇa, akiriyaṁ vadāmi kāyaduccaritassa vacīduccaritassa manoduccaritassa; anekavihitānaṁ pāpakānaṁ akusalānaṁ dhammānaṁ akiriyaṁ vadāmi.  For I teach inaction regarding bad bodily, verbal, and mental conduct, and the many kinds of unskillful things. 
Ahañhi, brāhmaṇa, ucchedaṁ vadāmi rāgassa dosassa mohassa; anekavihitānaṁ pāpakānaṁ akusalānaṁ dhammānaṁ ucchedaṁ vadāmi. 
For I teach the annihilation of greed, hate, and delusion, and the many kinds of unskillful things. 
Ahañhi, brāhmaṇa, jigucchāmi kāyaduccaritena vacīduccaritena manoduccaritena; jigucchāmi anekavihitānaṁ pāpakānaṁ akusalānaṁ dhammānaṁ samāpattiyā. 
For I’m disgusted by bad conduct by way of body, speech, and mind, and by attainment of the many kinds of unskillful things. 
Ahañhi, brāhmaṇa, vinayāya dhammaṁ desemi rāgassa dosassa mohassa; anekavihitānaṁ pāpakānaṁ akusalānaṁ dhammānaṁ vinayāya dhammaṁ desemi. 
For I teach the extermination of greed, hate, and delusion, and the many kinds of unskillful things. 
Tapanīyāhaṁ, brāhmaṇa, pāpake akusale dhamme vadāmi kāyaduccaritaṁ vacīduccaritaṁ manoduccaritaṁ. 
For I say that bad conduct by way of body, speech, and mind should be mortified. 
Yassa kho, brāhmaṇa, tapanīyā pāpakā akusalā dhammā pahīnā ucchinnamūlā tālāvatthukatā anabhāvaṅkatā āyatiṁ anuppādadhammā, tamahaṁ ‘tapassī’ti vadāmi. 
I say that a mortifier is someone who has given up unskillful qualities that should be mortified. They’ve cut them off at the root, made them like a palm stump, obliterated them, so that they’re unable to arise in the future. 
Tathāgatassa kho, brāhmaṇa, tapanīyā pāpakā akusalā dhammā pahīnā ucchinnamūlā tālāvatthukatā anabhāvaṅkatā āyatiṁ anuppādadhammā. 
The Realized One is someone who has given up unskillful qualities that should be mortified. He has cut them off at the root, made them like a palm stump, obliterated them, so that they’re unable to arise in the future. 
So kho ahaṁ, brāhmaṇa, vivicceva kāmehi vivicca akusalehi dhammehi savitakkaṁ savicāraṁ vivekajaṁ pītisukhaṁ paṭhamaṁ jhānaṁ upasampajja viharāmi; 
Quite secluded from sensual pleasures, secluded from unskillful qualities, I entered and remained in the first absorption, which has the rapture and bliss born of seclusion, while placing the mind and keeping it connected. 

anekavihitānaṁ pāpakānaṁ akusalānaṁ dhammānaṁ akiriyaṁ vadāmi.  and the many kinds of unskillful things. 
anekavihitānaṁ kusalānaṁ dhammānaṁ kiriyaṁ vadāmi. 
and the many kinds of skillful things. 
anekavihitānaṁ pāpakānaṁ akusalānaṁ dhammānaṁ ucchedaṁ vadāmi. 
and the many kinds of unskillful things. 
jigucchāmi anekavihitānaṁ pāpakānaṁ akusalānaṁ dhammānaṁ samāpattiyā. 
and by attainment of the many kinds of unskillful things. 
anekavihitānaṁ pāpakānaṁ akusalānaṁ dhammānaṁ vinayāya dhammaṁ desemi. 
and the many kinds of unskillful things. 
Tapanīyāhaṁ, sīha, pāpake akusale dhamme vadāmi kāyaduccaritaṁ vacīduccaritaṁ manoduccaritaṁ. 
I say that bad conduct by way of body, speech, and mind should be mortified. 
Yassa kho, sīha, tapanīyā pāpakā akusalā dhammā pahīnā ucchinnamūlā tālāvatthukatā anabhāvaṅkatā āyatiṁ anuppādadhammā, tamahaṁ ‘tapassī’ti vadāmi. 
I say that a mortifier is someone who has given up unskillful qualities that should be mortified. They’ve cut them off at the root, made them like a palm stump, obliterated them, so that they’re unable to arise in the future. 
Tathāgatassa kho, sīha, tapanīyā pāpakā akusalā dhammā pahīnā ucchinnamūlā tālāvatthukatā anabhāvaṅkatā āyatiṁ anuppādadhammā. 
The Realized One is someone who has given up unskillful qualities that should be mortified. He has cut them off at the root, made them like a palm stump, obliterated them, so that they’re unable to arise in the future. 

jegucchī hoti anekavihitānaṁ pāpakānaṁ akusalānaṁ dhammānaṁ samāpattiyā.  and by attainment of the many kinds of unskillful things. 

malā, bhikkhave, pāpakā akusalā dhammā asmiṁ loke paramhi ca;  Bad, unskillful qualities are a stain in this world and the next. 

Idha, bhikkhave, bhikkhu sotā ca hoti, sāvetā ca, uggahetā ca, dhāretā ca, viññātā ca, viññāpetā ca, kusalo ca sahitāsahitassa, no ca kalahakārako—  It’s a mendicant who learns and educates others. They memorize and remember. They understand and help others understand. They’re skilled at knowing what’s on topic and what isn’t. And they don’t cause quarrels. 
Idha, bhikkhave, sāriputto sotā ca hoti, sāvetā ca, uggahetā ca, dhāretā ca, viññātā ca, viññāpetā ca, kusalo ca sahitāsahitassa, no ca kalahakārako. 
He learns and educates others. He memorizes and remembers. He understands and helps others understand. He’s skilled at knowing what’s on topic and what isn’t. And he doesn’t cause quarrels. 

Santeyeva attani kusaladhamme na icchati parehi ñāyamāne.  He doesn’t want his own good qualities to be made known to others. 

Yato kho tvaṁ, anuruddha, ime aṭṭha mahāpurisavitakke vitakkessasi, tato tvaṁ, anuruddha, yāvadeva ākaṅkhissasi, vivicceva kāmehi vivicca akusalehi dhammehi savitakkaṁ savicāraṁ vivekajaṁ pītisukhaṁ paṭhamaṁ jhānaṁ upasampajja viharissasi.  First you’ll reflect on these eight thoughts of a great man. Then whenever you want, quite secluded from sensual pleasures, secluded from unskillful qualities, you’ll enter and remain in the first absorption, which has the rapture and bliss born of seclusion, while placing the mind and keeping it connected. 
Idha, bhikkhave, bhikkhu āraddhavīriyo viharati akusalānaṁ dhammānaṁ pahānāya kusalānaṁ dhammānaṁ upasampadāya thāmavā daḷhaparakkamo anikkhittadhuro kusalesu dhammesu. 
It’s for a mendicant who lives with energy roused up for giving up unskillful qualities and embracing skillful qualities. They’re strong, staunchly vigorous, not slacking off when it comes to developing skillful qualities. 

“Saddhā hiriyaṁ kusalañca dānaṁ,  “Faith, conscience, and skillful giving 

“Aṭṭhime, bhikkhave, puññābhisandā kusalābhisandā sukhassāhārā sovaggikā sukhavipākā saggasaṁvattanikā, iṭṭhāya kantāya manāpāya hitāya sukhāya saṁvattanti.  “Mendicants, there are these eight kinds of overflowing merit, overflowing goodness. They nurture happiness and are conducive to heaven, ripening in happiness and leading to heaven. They lead to what is likable, desirable, agreeable, to welfare and happiness. 
Ayaṁ, bhikkhave, paṭhamo puññābhisando kusalābhisando sukhassāhāro sovaggiko sukhavipāko saggasaṁvattaniko, iṭṭhāya kantāya manāpāya hitāya sukhāya saṁvattati. 
This is the first kind of overflowing merit … 
Ayaṁ, bhikkhave, tatiyo puññābhisando kusalābhisando sukhassāhāro sovaggiko sukhavipāko saggasaṁvattaniko, iṭṭhāya kantāya manāpāya hitāya sukhāya saṁvattati. 
This is the third kind of overflowing merit … 
Ayaṁ, bhikkhave, catuttho puññābhisando kusalābhisando sukhassāhāro sovaggiko sukhavipāko saggasaṁvattaniko, iṭṭhāya kantāya manāpāya hitāya sukhāya saṁvattati. 
This is the fourth kind of overflowing merit … 
Ayaṁ kho, bhikkhave, aṭṭhamo puññābhisando kusalābhisando sukhassāhāro sovaggiko sukhavipāko saggasaṁvattaniko, iṭṭhāya kantāya manāpāya hitāya sukhāya saṁvattati. 
This is the eighth kind of overflowing merit … 
Ime kho, bhikkhave, aṭṭha puññābhisandā kusalābhisandā sukhassāhārā sovaggikā sukhavipākā saggasaṁvattanikā, iṭṭhāya kantāya manāpāya hitāya sukhāya saṁvattantī”ti. 
These are the eight kinds of overflowing merit, overflowing goodness. They nurture happiness and are conducive to heaven, ripening in happiness and leading to heaven. They lead to what is likable, desirable, agreeable, to welfare and happiness.” 

Seyyathāpi nāma pañcaṅgikassa tūriyassa suvinītassa suppaṭipatāḷitassa kusalehi susamannāhatassa saddo hoti vaggu ca rajanīyo ca kamanīyo ca pemanīyo ca madanīyo ca;  Suppose there was a quintet made up of skilled musicians who had practiced well and kept excellent rhythm. They’d sound graceful, tantalizing, sensuous, lovely, and intoxicating. 
Seyyathāpi nāma pañcaṅgikassa tūriyassa suvinītassa suppaṭipatāḷitassa kusalehi susamannāhatassa saddo hoti vaggu ca rajanīyo ca kamanīyo ca pemanīyo ca madanīyo ca; 
 

āraddhavīriyo viharati thāmavā daḷhaparakkamo anikkhittadhuro kusalesu dhammesu;  They live with energy roused up. They’re strong, staunchly vigorous, not slacking off when it comes to developing skillful qualities. 

Idha, bhikkhave, bhikkhu khippanisanti ca hoti kusalesu dhammesu;  A mendicant is quick-witted when it comes to skillful teachings. 
Idha, bhikkhave, bhikkhu na heva kho khippanisanti ca hoti kusalesu dhammesu; 
A mendicant is not quick-witted when it comes to skillful teachings. 
Idha, bhikkhave, bhikkhu khippanisanti ca hoti kusalesu dhammesu; 
A mendicant is quick-witted when it comes to skillful teachings. 
Idha, bhikkhave, bhikkhu khippanisanti ca hoti kusalesu dhammesu; 
A mendicant is quick-witted when it comes to skillful teachings. 
Idha, bhikkhave, bhikkhu na heva kho khippanisanti ca hoti kusalesu dhammesu; 
A mendicant is not quick-witted when it comes to skillful teachings. 
Idha, bhikkhave, bhikkhu na heva kho khippanisanti ca hoti kusalesu dhammesu; 
A mendicant is not quick-witted when it comes to skillful teachings. 
Idha, bhikkhave, bhikkhu na heva kho khippanisanti ca hoti kusalesu dhammesu; 
A mendicant is not quick-witted when it comes to skillful teachings. 
Idha, bhikkhave, bhikkhu na heva kho khippanisanti ca hoti kusalesu dhammesu; 
A mendicant is not quick-witted when it comes to skillful teachings. 

‘ajjhattaṁ me cittaṁ ṭhitaṁ bhavissati susaṇṭhitaṁ, na ca uppannā pāpakā akusalā dhammā cittaṁ pariyādāya ṭhassantī’ti.  ‘My mind will be steady and well settled internally. And bad, unskillful qualities that have arisen will not occupy my mind.’ 
Yato kho te, bhikkhu, ajjhattaṁ cittaṁ ṭhitaṁ hoti susaṇṭhitaṁ, na ca uppannā pāpakā akusalā dhammā cittaṁ pariyādāya tiṭṭhanti, tato te, bhikkhu, evaṁ sikkhitabbaṁ: 
When your mind is steady and well settled internally, and bad, unskillful qualities that have arisen don’t occupy your mind, then you should train like this: 

‘atthi nu kho me pāpakā akusalā dhammā appahīnā ye me assu rattiṁ kālaṁ karontassa antarāyāyā’ti.  ‘Are there any bad, unskillful qualities that I haven’t given up, which might be an obstacle to my progress if I die tonight?’ 
‘atthi me pāpakā akusalā dhammā appahīnā ye me assu rattiṁ kālaṁ karontassa antarāyāyā’ti, tena, bhikkhave, bhikkhunā tesaṁyeva pāpakānaṁ akusalānaṁ dhammānaṁ pahānāya adhimatto chando ca vāyāmo ca ussāho ca ussoḷhī ca appaṭivānī ca sati ca sampajaññañca karaṇīyaṁ. 
there are such bad, unskillful qualities. Then in order to give them up they should apply intense enthusiasm, effort, zeal, vigor, perseverance, mindfulness, and situational awareness. 
evamevaṁ kho, bhikkhave, tena bhikkhunā tesaṁyeva pāpakānaṁ akusalānaṁ dhammānaṁ pahānāya adhimatto chando ca vāyāmo ca ussāho ca ussoḷhī ca appaṭivānī ca sati ca sampajaññañca karaṇīyaṁ. 
In the same way, in order to give up those bad, unskillful qualities, that mendicant should apply intense enthusiasm … 
‘natthi me pāpakā akusalā dhammā appahīnā ye me assu rattiṁ kālaṁ karontassa antarāyāyā’ti, tena, bhikkhave, bhikkhunā teneva pītipāmojjena vihātabbaṁ ahorattānusikkhinā kusalesu dhammesu. 
there are no such bad, unskillful qualities. Then that mendicant should meditate with rapture and joy, training day and night in skillful qualities. 
‘atthi nu kho me pāpakā akusalā dhammā appahīnā ye me assu divā kālaṁ karontassa antarāyāyā’ti. 
‘Are there any bad, unskillful qualities that I haven’t given up, which might be an obstacle to my progress if I die today?’ 
‘atthi me pāpakā akusalā dhammā appahīnā ye me assu divā kālaṁ karontassa antarāyāyā’ti, tena, bhikkhave, bhikkhunā tesaṁyeva pāpakānaṁ akusalānaṁ dhammānaṁ pahānāya adhimatto chando ca vāyāmo ca ussāho ca ussoḷhī ca appaṭivānī ca sati ca sampajaññañca karaṇīyaṁ. 
there are such bad, unskillful qualities. Then in order to give them up they should apply intense enthusiasm, effort, zeal, vigor, perseverance, mindfulness, and situational awareness. 
evamevaṁ kho, bhikkhave, tena bhikkhunā tesaṁyeva pāpakānaṁ akusalānaṁ dhammānaṁ pahānāya adhimatto chando ca vāyāmo ca ussāho ca ussoḷhī ca appaṭivānī ca sati ca sampajaññañca karaṇīyaṁ. 
In the same way, in order to give up those bad, unskillful qualities, that mendicant should apply intense enthusiasm … 
‘natthi me pāpakā akusalā dhammā appahīnā ye me assu divā kālaṁ karontassa antarāyāyā’ti, tena, bhikkhave, bhikkhunā teneva pītipāmojjena vihātabbaṁ ahorattānusikkhinā kusalesu dhammesu. 
there are no such bad, unskillful qualities. Then that mendicant should meditate with rapture and joy, training day and night in skillful qualities. 

Idhāvuso, bhikkhu khippanisanti ca hoti kusalesu dhammesu;  A mendicant is quick-witted when it comes to skillful teachings. 
Idhāvuso, bhikkhu na heva kho khippanisanti ca hoti kusalesu dhammesu; 
A mendicant is not quick-witted when it comes to skillful teachings. 
Idhāvuso, bhikkhu khippanisanti ca hoti kusalesu dhammesu; 
A mendicant is quick-witted when it comes to skillful teachings. 
Idhāvuso, bhikkhu khippanisanti ca hoti kusalesu dhammesu; 
A mendicant is quick-witted when it comes to skillful teachings. 
Idhāvuso, bhikkhu na heva kho khippanisanti ca hoti kusalesu dhammesu; 
A mendicant is not quick-witted when it comes to skillful teachings. 
Idhāvuso, bhikkhu na heva kho khippanisanti ca hoti kusalesu dhammesu; 
A mendicant is not quick-witted when it comes to skillful teachings. 
Idhāvuso, bhikkhu na heva kho khippanisanti ca hoti kusalesu dhammesu; 
A mendicant is not quick-witted when it comes to skillful teachings. 
Idhāvuso, bhikkhu na heva kho khippanisanti ca hoti kusalesu dhammesu; 
A mendicant is not quick-witted when it comes to skillful teachings. 

Appaharantassa paharati, anavasesaṁ ādiyati, itthiṁ hanati, kumāriṁ dūseti, pabbajitaṁ vilumpati, rājakosaṁ vilumpati, accāsanne kammaṁ karoti, na ca nidhānakusalo hoti.  He attacks unprovoked. He steals everything without exception. He kills a woman. He rapes a girl. He robs a monk. He robs the royal treasury. He works close to home. He’s not skilled at hiding his booty. 
Na appaharantassa paharati, na anavasesaṁ ādiyati, na itthiṁ hanati, na kumāriṁ dūseti, na pabbajitaṁ vilumpati, na rājakosaṁ vilumpati, na accāsanne kammaṁ karoti, nidhānakusalo ca hoti. 
He doesn’t attack unprovoked. He doesn’t steal everything without exception. He doesn’t kill a woman. He doesn’t rape a girl. He doesn’t rob a monk. He doesn’t rob the royal treasury. He doesn’t work close to home. He’s skilled at hiding his booty. 

Puna caparaṁ, āvuso, bhikkhu āraddhavīriyo viharati akusalānaṁ dhammānaṁ pahānāya, kusalānaṁ dhammānaṁ upasampadāya, thāmavā daḷhaparakkamo anikkhittadhuro kusalesu dhammesu.  Furthermore, a mendicant lives with energy roused up for giving up unskillful qualities and embracing skillful qualities. They are strong, staunchly vigorous, not slacking off when it comes to developing skillful qualities. 
āraddhavīriyo viharissati akusalānaṁ dhammānaṁ pahānāya, kusalānaṁ dhammānaṁ upasampadāya, thāmavā daḷhaparakkamo anikkhittadhuro kusalesu dhammesu. 
live with energy roused up … 

“Saddhañce, bhikkhu, bhikkhu nissāya akusalaṁ pajahati kusalaṁ bhāveti, pahīnamevassa taṁ akusalaṁ hoti.  “Mendicant, if a mendicant supported by faith gives up the unskillful and develops the skillful, the unskillful is actually given up by them. 
paññañce, bhikkhu, bhikkhu nissāya akusalaṁ pajahati kusalaṁ bhāveti, pahīnamevassa taṁ akusalaṁ hoti. 
If a mendicant supported by wisdom gives up the unskillful and develops the skillful, the unskillful is actually given up by them. 
Taṁ hissa bhikkhuno akusalaṁ pahīnaṁ hoti suppahīnaṁ, yaṁsa ariyāya paññāya disvā pahīnaṁ. 
What’s been given up is completely given up when it has been given up by seeing with noble wisdom. 

Atha kho āyasmato meghiyassa tasmiṁ ambavane viharantassa yebhuyyena tayo pāpakā akusalā vitakkā samudācaranti, seyyathidaṁ—  But while Meghiya was meditating in that mango grove he was beset mostly by three kinds of bad, unskillful thoughts, namely, 
atha ca panimehi tīhi pāpakehi akusalehi vitakkehi anvāsattā— 
but I’m still harassed by these three kinds of bad, unskillful thoughts: 
“Idha mayhaṁ, bhante, tasmiṁ ambavane viharantassa yebhuyyena tayo pāpakā akusalā vitakkā samudācaranti, seyyathidaṁ— 
 
atha ca panimehi tīhi pāpakehi akusalehi vitakkehi anvāsattā— 
 
Puna caparaṁ, meghiya, bhikkhu āraddhavīriyo viharati akusalānaṁ dhammānaṁ pahānāya, kusalānaṁ dhammānaṁ upasampadāya, thāmavā daḷhaparakkamo anikkhittadhuro kusalesu dhammesu. 
Furthermore, a mendicant lives with energy roused up for giving up unskillful qualities and embracing skillful qualities. They are strong, staunchly vigorous, not slacking off when it comes to developing skillful qualities. 
Kalyāṇamittassetaṁ, meghiya, bhikkhuno pāṭikaṅkhaṁ kalyāṇasahāyassa kalyāṇasampavaṅkassa: ‘āraddhavīriyo viharissati …pe… anikkhittadhuro kusalesu dhammesu’. 
A mendicant with good friends, companions, and associates can expect to be energetic … 

Ye dhammā kusalā kusalasaṅkhātā ye dhammā akusalā akusalasaṅkhātā ye dhammā sāvajjā sāvajjasaṅkhātā ye dhammā anavajjā anavajjasaṅkhātā ye dhammā kaṇhā kaṇhasaṅkhātā ye dhammā sukkā sukkasaṅkhātā ye dhammā sevitabbā sevitabbasaṅkhātā ye dhammā asevitabbā asevitabbasaṅkhātā ye dhammā nālamariyā nālamariyasaṅkhātā ye dhammā alamariyā alamariyasaṅkhātā, tyassa dhammā paññāya vodiṭṭhā honti vocaritā.  One has clearly seen and clearly contemplated with wisdom those qualities that are skillful and considered to be skillful; those that are unskillful … blameworthy … blameless … dark … bright … to be cultivated … not to be cultivated … not worthy of the noble ones … worthy of the noble ones and considered to be worthy of the noble ones. 
Ye dhammā akusalā akusalasaṅkhātā ye dhammā sāvajjā sāvajjasaṅkhātā ye dhammā kaṇhā kaṇhasaṅkhātā ye dhammā asevitabbā asevitabbasaṅkhātā ye dhammā nālamariyā nālamariyasaṅkhātā, tesaṁ dhammānaṁ pahānāya chandaṁ janeti vāyamati vīriyaṁ ārabhati cittaṁ paggaṇhāti padahati. 
One generates enthusiasm, tries, makes an effort, exerts the mind, and strives to give up those qualities that are unskillful and considered to be unskillful; those that are blameworthy … dark … not to be cultivated … not worthy of the noble ones and considered to be not worthy of the noble ones. 
Ye dhammā kusalā kusalasaṅkhātā ye dhammā anavajjā anavajjasaṅkhātā ye dhammā sukkā sukkasaṅkhātā ye dhammā sevitabbā sevitabbasaṅkhātā ye dhammā alamariyā alamariyasaṅkhātā, tesaṁ dhammānaṁ paṭilābhāya chandaṁ janeti vāyamati vīriyaṁ ārabhati cittaṁ paggaṇhāti padahati. 
One generates enthusiasm, tries, makes an effort, exerts the mind, and strives to gain those qualities that are skillful and considered to be skillful; those that are blameless … bright … to be cultivated … worthy of the noble ones and considered to be worthy of the noble ones. 

‘imaṁ kho me puggalaṁ sevato akusalā dhammā abhivaḍḍhanti, kusalā dhammā parihāyanti;  ‘When I associate with this person, unskillful qualities grow, and skillful qualities decline. 
‘imaṁ kho me puggalaṁ sevato akusalā dhammā abhivaḍḍhanti, kusalā dhammā parihāyanti; 
‘When I associate with this person, unskillful qualities grow, and skillful qualities decline. 
‘imaṁ kho me puggalaṁ sevato akusalā dhammā parihāyanti, kusalā dhammā abhivaḍḍhanti; 
‘When I associate with this person, unskillful qualities decline, and skillful qualities grow. 
‘imaṁ kho me puggalaṁ sevato akusalā dhammā parihāyanti, kusalā dhammā abhivaḍḍhanti; 
‘When I associate with this person, unskillful qualities decline, and skillful qualities grow. 
‘idaṁ kho me cīvaraṁ sevato akusalā dhammā abhivaḍḍhanti, kusalā dhammā parihāyantī’ti, evarūpaṁ cīvaraṁ na sevitabbaṁ. 
‘When I wear this robe, unskillful qualities grow, and skillful qualities decline.’ You should not wear that kind of robe. 
‘idaṁ kho me cīvaraṁ sevato akusalā dhammā parihāyanti, kusalā dhammā abhivaḍḍhantī’ti, evarūpaṁ cīvaraṁ sevitabbaṁ. 
‘When I wear this robe, unskillful qualities decline, and skillful qualities grow.’ You should wear that kind of robe. 
‘imaṁ kho me piṇḍapātaṁ sevato akusalā dhammā abhivaḍḍhanti, kusalā dhammā parihāyantī’ti, evarūpo piṇḍapāto na sevitabbo. 
‘When I eat this almsfood, unskillful qualities grow, and skillful qualities decline.’ You should not eat that kind of almsfood. 
‘imaṁ kho me piṇḍapātaṁ sevato akusalā dhammā parihāyanti, kusalā dhammā abhivaḍḍhantī’ti, evarūpo piṇḍapāto sevitabbo. 
‘When I eat this almsfood, unskillful qualities decline, and skillful qualities grow.’ You should eat that kind of almsfood. 
‘idaṁ kho me senāsanaṁ sevato akusalā dhammā abhivaḍḍhanti, kusalā dhammā parihāyantī’ti, evarūpaṁ senāsanaṁ na sevitabbaṁ. 
‘When I frequent this lodging, unskillful qualities grow, and skillful qualities decline.’ You should not frequent that kind of lodging. 
‘idaṁ kho me senāsanaṁ sevato akusalā dhammā parihāyanti, kusalā dhammā abhivaḍḍhantī’ti, evarūpaṁ senāsanaṁ sevitabbaṁ. 
‘When I frequent this lodging, unskillful qualities decline, and skillful qualities grow.’ You should frequent that kind of lodging. 
‘imaṁ kho me gāmanigamaṁ sevato akusalā dhammā abhivaḍḍhanti, kusalā dhammā parihāyantī’ti, evarūpo gāmanigamo na sevitabbo. 
‘When I frequent this village or town, unskillful qualities grow, and skillful qualities decline.’ You should not frequent that kind of village or town. 
‘imaṁ kho me gāmanigamaṁ sevato akusalā dhammā parihāyanti, kusalā dhammā abhivaḍḍhantī’ti, evarūpo gāmanigamo sevitabbo. 
‘When I frequent this village or town, unskillful qualities decline, and skillful qualities grow.’ You should frequent that kind of village or town. 
‘imaṁ kho me janapadapadesaṁ sevato akusalā dhammā abhivaḍḍhanti, kusalā dhammā parihāyantī’ti, evarūpo janapadapadeso na sevitabbo. 
‘When I frequent this country, unskillful qualities grow, and skillful qualities decline.’ You should not frequent that kind of country. 
‘imaṁ kho me janapadapadesaṁ sevato akusalā dhammā parihāyanti, kusalā dhammā abhivaḍḍhantī’ti, evarūpo janapadapadeso sevitabbo. 
‘When I frequent this country, unskillful qualities decline, and skillful qualities grow.’ You should frequent that kind of country. 

“accayo maṁ, bhante, accagamā yathābālaṁ yathāmūḷhaṁ yathāakusalaṁ, yo ahaṁ āyasmantaṁ sāriputtaṁ asatā tucchā musā abhūtena abbhācikkhiṁ.  “I have made a mistake, sir. It was foolish, stupid, and unskillful of me to speak ill of Venerable Sāriputta with an incorrect, hollow, false, untruthful claim. 
“Taggha taṁ, bhikkhu, accayo accagamā yathābālaṁ yathāmūḷhaṁ yathāakusalaṁ, yo tvaṁ sāriputtaṁ asatā tucchā musā abhūtena abbhācikkhi. 
“Indeed, monk, you made a mistake. It was foolish, stupid, and unskillful of you to act in that way. 

Taṇhaṁ paṭicca pariyesanā, pariyesanaṁ paṭicca lābho, lābhaṁ paṭicca vinicchayo, vinicchayaṁ paṭicca chandarāgo, chandarāgaṁ paṭicca ajjhosānaṁ, ajjhosānaṁ paṭicca pariggaho, pariggahaṁ paṭicca macchariyaṁ, macchariyaṁ paṭicca ārakkho, ārakkhādhikaraṇaṁ daṇḍādānaṁ satthādānaṁ kalahaviggahavivādatuvaṁtuvaṁpesuññamusāvādā aneke pāpakā akusalā dhammā sambhavanti.  Craving is a cause of seeking. Seeking is a cause of gaining material things. Gaining material things is a cause of evaluation. Evaluation is a cause of desire and lust. Desire and lust is a cause of attachment. Attachment is a cause of ownership. Ownership is a cause of stinginess. Stinginess is a cause of safeguarding. Owing to safeguarding, many bad, unskillful things come to be: taking up the rod and the sword, quarrels, arguments, and fights, accusations, divisive speech, and lies. 

‘idhāvuso, bhikkhu vivicceva kāmehi vivicca akusalehi dhammehi savitakkaṁ savicāraṁ vivekajaṁ pītisukhaṁ paṭhamaṁ jhānaṁ upasampajja viharati.  ‘Reverend, it’s when a mendicant, quite secluded from sensual pleasures, secluded from unskillful qualities, enters and remains in the first absorption, which has the rapture and bliss born of seclusion, while placing the mind and keeping it connected. 

“Seyyathāpi, bhikkhave, gāvī pabbateyyā bālā abyattā akhettaññū akusalā visame pabbate carituṁ.  “Mendicants, suppose there was a mountain cow who was foolish, incompetent, unskillful, and lacked common sense when roaming on rugged mountains. 
Tathā hi sā, bhikkhave, gāvī pabbateyyā bālā abyattā akhettaññū akusalā visame pabbate carituṁ. 
Because that mountain cow was foolish, incompetent, unskillful, and lacked common sense when roaming on rugged mountains. 
Evamevaṁ kho, bhikkhave, idhekacco bhikkhu bālo abyatto akhettaññū akusalo vivicceva kāmehi vivicca akusalehi dhammehi savitakkaṁ savicāraṁ vivekajaṁ pītisukhaṁ paṭhamaṁ jhānaṁ upasampajja viharati; 
In the same way, some foolish, incompetent, unskillful mendicant, lacking common sense, quite secluded from sensual pleasures, secluded from unskillful qualities, enters and remains in the first absorption, which has the rapture and bliss born of seclusion, while placing the mind and keeping it connected. 
‘yannūnāhaṁ vivicceva kāmehi vivicca akusalehi dhammehi savitakkaṁ savicāraṁ vivekajaṁ pītisukhaṁ paṭhamaṁ jhānaṁ upasampajja vihareyyan’ti. 
‘Why don’t I, quite secluded from sensual pleasures, secluded from unskillful qualities, enter and remain in the first absorption, which has the rapture and bliss born of seclusion, while placing the mind and keeping it connected.’ 
Ayaṁ vuccati, bhikkhave, ‘bhikkhu ubhato bhaṭṭho ubhato parihīno, seyyathāpi sā gāvī pabbateyyā bālā abyattā akhettaññū akusalā visame pabbate carituṁ’. 
This is called a mendicant who has slipped and fallen from both sides. They’re like the mountain cow who was foolish, incompetent, unskillful, and lacking in common sense when roaming on rugged mountains. 
Seyyathāpi, bhikkhave, gāvī pabbateyyā paṇḍitā byattā khettaññū kusalā visame pabbate carituṁ. 
Suppose there was a mountain cow who was astute, competent, skillful, and used common sense when roaming on rugged mountains. 
Tathā hi sā, bhikkhave, gāvī pabbateyyā paṇḍitā byattā khettaññū kusalā visame pabbate carituṁ. 
Because that mountain cow was astute, competent, skillful, and used common sense when roaming on rugged mountains. 
Evamevaṁ kho, bhikkhave, idhekacco bhikkhu paṇḍito byatto khettaññū kusalo vivicceva kāmehi vivicca akusalehi dhammehi savitakkaṁ savicāraṁ vivekajaṁ pītisukhaṁ paṭhamaṁ jhānaṁ upasampajja viharati. 
In the same way, some astute, competent, skillful mendicant, using common sense, quite secluded from sensual pleasures, secluded from unskillful qualities, enters and remains in the first absorption, which has the rapture and bliss born of seclusion, while placing the mind and keeping it connected. 

nevasaññānāsaññāyatanasamāpatti ca saññāvedayitanirodho ca, jhāyīhete, bhikkhave, samāpattikusalehi samāpattivuṭṭhānakusalehi samāpajjitvā vuṭṭhahitvā sammā akkhātabbānīti vadāmī”ti.  the dimension of neither perception nor non-perception, and the cessation of perception and feeling—are properly explained by mendicants who are skilled in these attainments and skilled in emerging from them, after they’ve entered them and emerged from them.” 

Idha, brāhmaṇā, bhikkhu vivicceva kāmehi vivicca akusalehi dhammehi savitakkaṁ savicāraṁ vivekajaṁ pītisukhaṁ paṭhamaṁ jhānaṁ upasampajja viharati.  Take a mendicant who, quite secluded from sensual pleasures, secluded from unskillful qualities, enters and remains in the first absorption, which has the rapture and bliss born of seclusion, while placing the mind and keeping it connected. 

Evamevaṁ kho, bhikkhave, yasmiṁ samaye bhikkhu vivicceva kāmehi vivicca akusalehi dhammehi savitakkaṁ savicāraṁ vivekajaṁ pītisukhaṁ paṭhamaṁ jhānaṁ upasampajja viharati,  In the same way, there’s a time when a mendicant, quite secluded from sensual pleasures, secluded from unskillful qualities, enters and remains in the first absorption, which has the rapture and bliss born of seclusion, while placing the mind and keeping it connected. 

vicikicchaṁ pahāya tiṇṇavicikiccho viharati akathaṅkathī kusalesu dhammesu, vicikicchāya cittaṁ parisodheti.  Giving up doubt, they meditate having gone beyond doubt, not undecided about skillful qualities, cleansing the mind of doubt. 
vivicceva kāmehi vivicca akusalehi dhammehi savitakkaṁ savicāraṁ vivekajaṁ pītisukhaṁ paṭhamaṁ jhānaṁ upasampajja viharati. 
Then, quite secluded from sensual pleasures, secluded from unskillful qualities, they enter and remain in the first absorption, which has the rapture and bliss born of seclusion, while placing the mind and keeping it connected. 

So kho ahaṁ, ānanda, vivicceva kāmehi vivicca akusalehi dhammehi savitakkaṁ savicāraṁ vivekajaṁ pītisukhaṁ paṭhamaṁ jhānaṁ upasampajja viharāmi.  And so, quite secluded from sensual pleasures, secluded from unskillful qualities, I entered and remained in the first absorption, which has the rapture and bliss born of seclusion, while placing the mind and keeping it connected. 

Idha, bhikkhave, bhikkhu anuppannānaṁ pāpakānaṁ akusalānaṁ dhammānaṁ anuppādāya chandaṁ janeti vāyamati vīriyaṁ ārabhati cittaṁ paggaṇhāti padahati;  It’s when a mendicant generates enthusiasm, tries, makes an effort, exerts the mind, and strives so that bad, unskillful qualities don’t arise. 
uppannānaṁ pāpakānaṁ akusalānaṁ dhammānaṁ pahānāya chandaṁ janeti vāyamati vīriyaṁ ārabhati cittaṁ paggaṇhāti padahati; 
They generate enthusiasm, try, make an effort, exert the mind, and strive so that bad, unskillful qualities that have arisen are given up. 
anuppannānaṁ kusalānaṁ dhammānaṁ uppādāya chandaṁ janeti vāyamati vīriyaṁ ārabhati cittaṁ paggaṇhāti padahati; 
They generate enthusiasm, try, make an effort, exert the mind, and strive so that skillful qualities arise. 
uppannānaṁ kusalānaṁ dhammānaṁ ṭhitiyā asammosāya bhiyyobhāvāya vepullāya bhāvanāya pāripūriyā chandaṁ janeti vāyamati vīriyaṁ ārabhati cittaṁ paggaṇhāti padahati. 
They generate enthusiasm, try, make an effort, exert the mind, and strive so that skillful qualities that have arisen remain, are not lost, but increase, mature, and are completed by development. 

Idha, bhikkhave, bhikkhu anuppannānaṁ pāpakānaṁ akusalānaṁ dhammānaṁ anuppādāya chandaṁ janeti vāyamati vīriyaṁ ārabhati cittaṁ paggaṇhāti padahati;  It’s when a mendicant generates enthusiasm, tries, makes an effort, exerts the mind, and strives so that bad, unskillful qualities don’t arise. … 
uppannānaṁ pāpakānaṁ akusalānaṁ dhammānaṁ pahānāya … 
so that unskillful qualities are given up … 
anuppannānaṁ kusalānaṁ dhammānaṁ uppādāya … 
so that skillful qualities arise … 
uppannānaṁ kusalānaṁ dhammānaṁ ṭhitiyā asammosāya bhiyyobhāvāya vepullāya bhāvanāya pāripūriyā chandaṁ janeti vāyamati vīriyaṁ ārabhati cittaṁ paggaṇhāti padahati. 
They generate enthusiasm, try, make an effort, exert the mind, and strive so that skillful qualities that have arisen remain, are not lost, but increase, mature, and are completed by development. 

“Kimatthiyāni, bhante, kusalāni sīlāni kimānisaṁsānī”ti?  “Sir, what is the purpose and benefit of skillful ethics?” 
“Avippaṭisāratthāni kho, ānanda, kusalāni sīlāni avippaṭisārānisaṁsānī”ti. 
“Ānanda, having no regrets is the purpose and benefit of skillful ethics.” 
Iti kho, ānanda, kusalāni sīlāni avippaṭisāratthāni avippaṭisārānisaṁsāni; 
So, Ānanda, the purpose and benefit of skillful ethics is not having regrets. 
Iti kho, ānanda, kusalāni sīlāni anupubbena aggāya parentī”ti. 
So, Ānanda, skillful ethics progressively lead up to the highest.” 

kusalāni sīlāni avippaṭisāratthāni avippaṭisārānisaṁsāni.  Not having regrets is the purpose and benefit of skillful ethics. 

āraddhavīriyo viharati, akusalānaṁ dhammānaṁ pahānāya, kusalānaṁ dhammānaṁ upasampadāya; thāmavā daḷhaparakkamo anikkhittadhuro kusalesu dhammesu;  They live with energy roused up for giving up unskillful qualities and embracing skillful qualities. They’re strong, staunchly vigorous, not slacking off when it comes to developing skillful qualities. 

“Yassa kassaci, bhikkhave, bhikkhussa vā bhikkhuniyā vā pañca cetokhilā appahīnā pañca cetasovinibandhā asamucchinnā, tassa yā ratti vā divaso vā āgacchati hāniyeva pāṭikaṅkhā kusalesu dhammesu no vuddhi.  “Mendicants, a monk or nun who has not given up five kinds of hard-heartedness and has not severed five shackles of the heart can expect decline, not growth, in skillful qualities, whether by day or by night. 
Yassa kassaci, bhikkhave, bhikkhussa vā bhikkhuniyā vā ime pañca cetokhilā appahīnā ime pañca cetasovinibandhā asamucchinnā, tassa yā ratti vā divaso vā āgacchati hāniyeva pāṭikaṅkhā kusalesu dhammesu no vuddhi. 
A monk or nun who has not given up these five kinds of hard-heartedness and has not severed these five shackles of the heart can expect decline, not growth, in skillful qualities, whether by day or by night. 
evamevaṁ kho, bhikkhave, yassa kassaci bhikkhussa vā bhikkhuniyā vā ime pañca cetokhilā appahīnā ime pañca cetasovinibandhā asamucchinnā, tassa yā ratti vā divaso vā āgacchati hāniyeva pāṭikaṅkhā kusalesu dhammesu no vuddhi. 
In the same way, monk or nun who has not given up these five kinds of hard-heartedness and has not severed these five shackles of the heart can expect decline, not growth, in skillful qualities, whether by day or by night. 
Yassa kassaci, bhikkhave, bhikkhussa vā bhikkhuniyā vā pañca cetokhilā pahīnā pañca cetasovinibandhā susamucchinnā, tassa yā ratti vā divaso vā āgacchati vuddhiyeva pāṭikaṅkhā kusalesu dhammesu no parihāni. 
A monk or nun who has given up five kinds of hard-heartedness and has severed five shackles of the heart can expect growth, not decline, in skillful qualities, whether by day or by night. 
Yassa kassaci, bhikkhave, bhikkhussa vā bhikkhuniyā vā ime pañca cetokhilā pahīnā ime pañca cetasovinibandhā susamucchinnā, tassa yā ratti vā divaso vā āgacchati vuddhiyeva pāṭikaṅkhā kusalesu dhammesu no parihāni. 
A monk or nun who has given up these five kinds of hard-heartedness and has severed these five shackles of the heart can expect growth, not decline, in skillful qualities, whether by day or by night. 
evamevaṁ kho, bhikkhave, yassa kassaci bhikkhussa vā bhikkhuniyā vā ime pañca cetokhilā pahīnā ime pañca cetasovinibandhā susamucchinnā, tassa yā ratti vā divaso vā āgacchati vuddhiyeva pāṭikaṅkhā kusalesu dhammesu no parihānī”ti. 
In the same way, a monk or nun who has given up these five kinds of hard-heartedness and has severed these five shackles of the heart can expect growth, not decline, in skillful qualities, whether by day or by night.” 

evamevaṁ kho, bhikkhave, ye keci kusalā dhammā, sabbe te appamādamūlakā appamādasamosaraṇā. Appamādo tesaṁ aggamakkhāyati.  In the same way, all skillful qualities are rooted in diligence and meet at diligence, and diligence is said to be the best of them. 
evamevaṁ kho, bhikkhave, ye keci kusalā dhammā, sabbe te appamādamūlakā appamādasamosaraṇā. Appamādo tesaṁ aggamakkhāyati. 
In the same way, all skillful qualities are rooted in diligence and meet at diligence, and diligence is said to be the best of them. 
evamevaṁ kho, bhikkhave, ye keci kusalā dhammā, sabbe te appamādamūlakā appamādasamosaraṇā. Appamādo tesaṁ aggamakkhāyati. 
In the same way, all skillful qualities are rooted in diligence and meet at diligence, and diligence is said to be the best of them. 
evamevaṁ kho, bhikkhave, ye keci kusalā dhammā, sabbe te appamādamūlakā appamādasamosaraṇā. Appamādo tesaṁ aggamakkhāyatī”ti. 
In the same way, all skillful qualities are rooted in diligence and meet at diligence, and diligence is said to be the best of them.” 

Puna caparaṁ, bhikkhave, bhikkhu āraddhavīriyo viharati akusalānaṁ dhammānaṁ pahānāya, kusalānaṁ dhammānaṁ upasampadāya, thāmavā daḷhaparakkamo anikkhittadhuro kusalesu dhammesu.  Furthermore, a mendicant lives with energy roused up for giving up unskillful qualities and embracing skillful qualities. They are strong, staunchly vigorous, not slacking off when it comes to developing skillful qualities. 
Yampi, bhikkhave, bhikkhu āraddhavīriyo viharati akusalānaṁ dhammānaṁ pahānāya, kusalānaṁ dhammānaṁ upasampadāya, thāmavā daḷhaparakkamo anikkhittadhuro kusalesu dhammesu, 
 

Tassa therānukampitassa majjhimānukampitassa navānukampitassa vuddhiyeva pāṭikaṅkhā kusalesu dhammesu, no parihāni.  Being treated with such kindness by the senior, middle, and junior mendicants, that mendicant can expect only growth, not decline. 
Tassa therānukampitassa majjhimānukampitassa navānukampitassa vuddhiyeva pāṭikaṅkhā kusalesu dhammesu, no parihāni. 
Being treated with such kindness by the senior, middle, and junior mendicants, that mendicant can expect only growth, not decline. 
Tassa therānukampitassa majjhimānukampitassa navānukampitassa vuddhiyeva pāṭikaṅkhā kusalesu dhammesu, no parihāni. 
Being treated with such kindness by the senior, middle, and junior mendicants, that mendicant can expect only growth, not decline. 
Tassa therānukampitassa majjhimānukampitassa navānukampitassa vuddhiyeva pāṭikaṅkhā kusalesu dhammesu, no parihāni. 
Being treated with such kindness by the senior, middle, and junior mendicants, that mendicant can expect only growth, not decline. 
Tassa therānukampitassa majjhimānukampitassa navānukampitassa vuddhiyeva pāṭikaṅkhā kusalesu dhammesu, no parihāni. 
Being treated with such kindness by the senior, middle, and junior mendicants, that mendicant can expect only growth, not decline. 
Tassa therānukampitassa majjhimānukampitassa navānukampitassa vuddhiyeva pāṭikaṅkhā kusalesu dhammesu, no parihāni. 
Being treated with such kindness by the senior, middle, and junior mendicants, that mendicant can expect only growth, not decline. 
Puna caparaṁ, bhikkhave, bhikkhu āraddhavīriyo viharati akusalānaṁ dhammānaṁ pahānāya, kusalānaṁ dhammānaṁ upasampadāya, thāmavā daḷhaparakkamo anikkhittadhuro kusalesu dhammesu ‘āraddhavīriyo vatāyaṁ bhikkhu viharati akusalānaṁ dhammānaṁ pahānāya, kusalānaṁ dhammānaṁ upasampadāya, thāmavā daḷhaparakkamo anikkhittadhuro kusalesu dhammesū’ti therāpi naṁ bhikkhū vattabbaṁ anusāsitabbaṁ maññanti, majjhimāpi bhikkhū … 
Furthermore, a mendicant lives with energy roused up for giving up unskillful qualities and embracing skillful qualities. They are strong, staunchly vigorous, not slacking off when it comes to developing skillful qualities. 
Tassa therānukampitassa majjhimānukampitassa navānukampitassa vuddhiyeva pāṭikaṅkhā kusalesu dhammesu, no parihāni. 
Being treated with such kindness by the senior, middle, and junior mendicants, that mendicant can expect only growth, not decline. 
Tassa therānukampitassa majjhimānukampitassa navānukampitassa vuddhiyeva pāṭikaṅkhā kusalesu dhammesu, no parihāni. 
Being treated with such kindness by the senior, middle, and junior mendicants, that mendicant can expect only growth, not decline. 
Tassa therānukampitassa majjhimānukampitassa navānukampitassa vuddhiyeva pāṭikaṅkhā kusalesu dhammesu, no parihāni. 
Being treated with such kindness by the senior, middle, and junior mendicants, that mendicant can expect only growth, not decline. 

Idha, bhikkhave, bhikkhu akusalaṁ āpanno hoti kiñci desaṁ kāyena.  It’s when a mendicant has committed a certain unskillful offense by way of body. 
‘āyasmā kho akusalaṁ āpanno kiñci desaṁ kāyena. 
‘Venerable, you’ve committed a certain unskillful offense by way of body. 
Idha, bhikkhave, bhikkhu akusalaṁ āpanno hoti kiñci desaṁ vācāya. 
It’s when a mendicant has committed a certain unskillful offense by way of speech. 
‘āyasmā kho akusalaṁ āpanno kiñci desaṁ vācāya. 
‘Venerable, you’ve committed a certain unskillful offense by way of speech. 

Dasasu akusalesu kammapathesu—  The ten ways of performing unskillful deeds. 

Dasasu kusalesu kammapathesu—  The ten ways of performing skillful deeds. 

Bhagavā hi, bhante, bahujanahitāya paṭipanno bahujanasukhāya bahuno janassa ariye ñāye patiṭṭhāpitā yadidaṁ kalyāṇadhammatāya kusaladhammatāya.  The Buddha is practicing for the welfare and happiness of the people. He has established many people in the noble system, that is, the principles of goodness and skillfulness. 
Yampi, bhante, bhagavā bahujanahitāya paṭipanno bahujanasukhāya bahuno janassa ariye ñāye patiṭṭhāpitā yadidaṁ kalyāṇadhammatāya kusaladhammatāya, idampi kho ahaṁ, bhante, atthavasaṁ sampassamāno bhagavati evarūpaṁ paramanipaccakāraṁ karomi, mettūpahāraṁ upadaṁsemi. 
This is a reason that I demonstrate such utmost devotion for the Buddha, conveying my manifest love. 
Puna caparaṁ, bhante, bhagavā sīlavā vuddhasīlo ariyasīlo kusalasīlo kusalasīlena samannāgato. 
Furthermore, the Buddha is ethical, possessing ethical conduct that is mature, noble, and skillful. 
Yampi, bhante, bhagavā sīlavā vuddhasīlo ariyasīlo kusalasīlo kusalasīlena samannāgato, idampi kho ahaṁ, bhante, atthavasaṁ sampassamāno bhagavati evarūpaṁ paramanipaccakāraṁ karomi, mettūpahāraṁ upadaṁsemi. 
This is another reason that I demonstrate such utmost devotion for the Buddha, conveying my manifest love. 

adhikaraṇasamuppādavūpasamakusalo hoti—  They’re skilled in raising and settling disciplinary issues. 

idha puriso yena kenaci kammaṭṭhānena anāpajja akusalaṁ divasaṁ aḍḍhakahāpaṇaṁ nibbiseyya.  Take a man who earns half a dollar for an honest day’s work. 
idha puriso yena kenaci kammaṭṭhānena anāpajja akusalaṁ divasaṁ kahāpaṇaṁ nibbiseyya. 
Take a man who earns a dollar for an honest day’s work. 
idha puriso yena kenaci kammaṭṭhānena anāpajja akusalaṁ divasaṁ dve kahāpaṇe nibbiseyya … 
Take a man who, for an honest day’s work, earns two dollars … 

Puna caparaṁ, bhikkhave, bhikkhu āraddhavīriyo viharati akusalānaṁ dhammānaṁ pahānāya kusalānaṁ dhammānaṁ upasampadāya, thāmavā daḷhaparakkamo anikkhittadhuro kusalesu dhammesu.  Furthermore, a mendicant lives with energy roused up for giving up unskillful qualities and embracing skillful qualities. They are strong, staunchly vigorous, not slacking off when it comes to developing skillful qualities. … 
Yampi, bhikkhave, bhikkhu āraddhavīriyo viharati akusalānaṁ dhammānaṁ pahānāya kusalānaṁ dhammānaṁ upasampadāya, thāmavā daḷhaparakkamo anikkhittadhuro kusalesu dhammesu, 
 

“No ce, bhikkhave, bhikkhu paracittapariyāyakusalo hoti, atha ‘sacittapariyāyakusalo bhavissāmī’ti—  “Mendicants, if a mendicant isn’t skilled in the ways of another’s mind, then they should train themselves: ‘I will be skilled in the ways of my own mind.’ 
Kathañca, bhikkhave, bhikkhu sacittapariyāyakusalo hoti? 
And how is a mendicant skilled in the ways of their own mind? 
Evamevaṁ kho, bhikkhave, bhikkhuno paccavekkhaṇā bahukārā hoti kusalesu dhammesu: 
In the same way, checking is very helpful for a mendicant’s skillful qualities. 
‘abhijjhālu bahulaṁ viharāmi, byāpannacitto bahulaṁ viharāmi, thinamiddhapariyuṭṭhito bahulaṁ viharāmi, uddhato bahulaṁ viharāmi, vicikiccho bahulaṁ viharāmi, kodhano bahulaṁ viharāmi, saṅkiliṭṭhacitto bahulaṁ viharāmi, sāraddhakāyo bahulaṁ viharāmi, kusīto bahulaṁ viharāmi, asamāhito bahulaṁ viharāmī’ti, tena, bhikkhave, bhikkhunā tesaṁyeva pāpakānaṁ akusalānaṁ dhammānaṁ pahānāya adhimatto chando ca vāyāmo ca ussāho ca ussoḷhī ca appaṭivānī ca sati ca sampajaññañca karaṇīyaṁ. 
‘I am often covetous, malicious, overcome with dullness and drowsiness, restless, doubtful, irritable, defiled in mind, disturbed in body, lazy, and not immersed in samādhi.’ In order to give up those bad, unskillful qualities, they should apply intense enthusiasm, effort, zeal, vigor, perseverance, mindfulness, and situational awareness. 
Evamevaṁ kho tena, bhikkhave, bhikkhunā tesaṁyeva pāpakānaṁ akusalānaṁ dhammānaṁ pahānāya adhimatto chando ca vāyāmo ca ussāho ca ussoḷhī ca appaṭivānī ca sati ca sampajaññañca karaṇīyaṁ. 
In the same way, in order to give up those bad, unskillful qualities, that mendicant should apply intense enthusiasm … 
‘anabhijjhālu bahulaṁ viharāmi, abyāpannacitto bahulaṁ viharāmi, vigatathinamiddho bahulaṁ viharāmi, anuddhato bahulaṁ viharāmi, tiṇṇavicikiccho bahulaṁ viharāmi, akkodhano bahulaṁ viharāmi, asaṅkiliṭṭhacitto bahulaṁ viharāmi, asāraddhakāyo bahulaṁ viharāmi, āraddhavīriyo bahulaṁ viharāmi, samāhito bahulaṁ viharāmī’ti, tena, bhikkhave, bhikkhunā tesuyeva kusalesu dhammesu patiṭṭhāya uttari āsavānaṁ khayāya yogo karaṇīyo”ti. 
‘I am often content, kind-hearted, free of dullness and drowsiness, calm, confident, loving, pure in mind, undisturbed in body, energetic, and immersed in samādhi.’ Grounded on those skillful qualities, they should practice meditation further to end the defilements.” 

“No ce, āvuso, bhikkhu paracittapariyāyakusalo hoti, atha ‘sacittapariyāyakusalo bhavissāmī’ti—  “Reverends, if a mendicant isn’t skilled in the ways of another’s mind, then they should train themselves: ‘I will be skilled in the ways of my own mind.’ 
Kathañcāvuso, bhikkhu sacittapariyāyakusalo hoti? 
And how is a mendicant skilled in the ways of their own mind? 
Evamevaṁ kho, āvuso, bhikkhuno paccavekkhaṇā bahukārā hoti kusalesu dhammesu: 
In the same way, checking is very helpful for a mendicant’s skillful qualities. 
‘abhijjhālu bahulaṁ viharāmi …pe… asamāhito bahulaṁ viharāmī’ti, tenāvuso, bhikkhunā tesaṁyeva pāpakānaṁ akusalānaṁ dhammānaṁ pahānāya adhimatto chando ca vāyāmo ca ussāho ca ussoḷhī ca appaṭivānī ca sati ca sampajaññañca karaṇīyaṁ. 
‘I am often covetous, malicious, overcome with dullness and drowsiness, restless, doubtful, angry, defiled in mind, disturbed in body, lazy, and not immersed in samādhi.’ In order to give up those bad, unskillful qualities, they should apply intense enthusiasm, effort, zeal, vigor, perseverance, mindfulness, and situational awareness. 
Evamevaṁ kho, āvuso, tena bhikkhunā tesaṁyeva pāpakānaṁ akusalānaṁ dhammānaṁ pahānāya adhimatto chando ca vāyāmo ca ussāho ca ussoḷhī ca appaṭivānī ca sati ca sampajaññañca karaṇīyaṁ. 
In the same way, in order to give up those bad, unskillful qualities, that mendicant should apply intense enthusiasm … 
‘anabhijjhālu bahulaṁ viharāmi …pe… samāhito bahulaṁ viharāmī’ti, tenāvuso, bhikkhunā tesuyeva kusalesu dhammesu patiṭṭhāya uttari āsavānaṁ khayāya yogo karaṇīyo”ti. 
‘I am often content, kind-hearted, rid of dullness and drowsiness, calm, confident, loving, pure in mind, undisturbed in body, energetic, and immersed in samādhi.’ Grounded on those skillful qualities, they should practice meditation further to end the defilements.” 

“Ṭhitimpāhaṁ, bhikkhave, na vaṇṇayāmi kusalesu dhammesu, pageva parihāniṁ.  “Mendicants, I don’t praise stagnation in skillful qualities, let alone decline. 
Vuḍḍhiñca kho ahaṁ, bhikkhave, vaṇṇayāmi kusalesu dhammesu, no ṭhitiṁ no hāniṁ. 
I praise growth in skillful qualities, not stagnation or decline. 
Kathañca, bhikkhave, hāni hoti kusalesu dhammesu, no ṭhiti no vuḍḍhi? 
And how is there decline in skillful qualities, not stagnation or growth? 
Hānimetaṁ, bhikkhave, vadāmi kusalesu dhammesu, no ṭhitiṁ no vuḍḍhiṁ. 
I call this decline in skillful qualities, not stagnation or growth. 
Evaṁ kho, bhikkhave, hāni hoti kusalesu dhammesu, no ṭhiti no vuḍḍhi. 
This is how there’s decline in skillful qualities, not stagnation or growth. 
Kathañca, bhikkhave ṭhiti hoti kusalesu dhammesu, no hāni no vuḍḍhi? 
And how is there stagnation in skillful qualities, not decline or growth? 
Ṭhitimetaṁ, bhikkhave, vadāmi kusalesu dhammesu, no hāniṁ no vuḍḍhiṁ. 
I call this stagnation in skillful qualities, not decline or growth. 
Evaṁ kho, bhikkhave, ṭhiti hoti kusalesu dhammesu, no vuḍḍhi no hāni. 
This is how there’s stagnation in skillful qualities, not decline or growth. 
Kathañca, bhikkhave, vuḍḍhi hoti kusalesu dhammesu, no ṭhiti no hāni? 
And how is there growth in skillful qualities, not stagnation or decline? 
Vuḍḍhimetaṁ, bhikkhave, vadāmi kusalesu dhammesu, no ṭhitiṁ no hāniṁ. 
I call this growth in skillful qualities, not stagnation or decline. 
Evaṁ kho, bhikkhave, vuḍḍhi hoti kusalesu dhammesu, no ṭhiti no hāni. 
This is how there’s growth in skillful qualities, not stagnation or decline. 
No ce, bhikkhave, bhikkhu paracittapariyāyakusalo hoti, atha ‘sacittapariyāyakusalo bhavissāmī’ti— 
If a mendicant isn’t skilled in the ways of another’s mind, then they should train themselves: ‘I will be skilled in the ways of my own mind.’ 
Kathañca, bhikkhave, bhikkhu sacittapariyāyakusalo hoti? 
And how is a mendicant skilled in the ways of their own mind? 
Evamevaṁ kho, bhikkhave, bhikkhuno paccavekkhaṇā bahukārā hoti kusalesu dhammesu: 
In the same way, checking is very helpful for a mendicant’s skillful qualities. 
‘abhijjhālu bahulaṁ viharāmi, byāpannacitto bahulaṁ viharāmi, thinamiddhapariyuṭṭhito bahulaṁ viharāmi, uddhato bahulaṁ viharāmi, vicikiccho bahulaṁ viharāmi, kodhano bahulaṁ viharāmi, saṅkiliṭṭhacitto bahulaṁ viharāmi, sāraddhakāyo bahulaṁ viharāmi, kusīto bahulaṁ viharāmi, asamāhito bahulaṁ viharāmī’ti, tena, bhikkhave, bhikkhunā tesaṁyeva pāpakānaṁ akusalānaṁ dhammānaṁ pahānāya adhimatto chando ca vāyāmo ca ussāho ca ussoḷhī ca appaṭivānī ca sati ca sampajaññañca karaṇīyaṁ. 
‘I am often covetous, malicious, overcome with dullness and drowsiness, restless, doubtful, irritable, defiled in mind, disturbed in body, lazy, and not immersed in samādhi.’ In order to give up those bad, unskillful qualities, they should apply intense enthusiasm, effort, zeal, vigor, perseverance, mindfulness, and situational awareness. 
evamevaṁ kho, bhikkhave, tena bhikkhunā tesaṁyeva pāpakānaṁ akusalānaṁ dhammānaṁ pahānāya adhimatto chando ca vāyāmo ca ussāho ca ussoḷhī ca appaṭivānī ca sati ca sampajaññañca karaṇīyaṁ. 
In the same way, in order to give up those bad, unskillful qualities, that mendicant should apply intense enthusiasm … 
‘anabhijjhālu bahulaṁ viharāmi, abyāpannacitto bahulaṁ viharāmi, vigatathinamiddho bahulaṁ viharāmi, anuddhato bahulaṁ viharāmi, tiṇṇavicikiccho bahulaṁ viharāmi, akkodhano bahulaṁ viharāmi, asaṅkiliṭṭhacitto bahulaṁ viharāmi, asāraddhakāyo bahulaṁ viharāmi, āraddhavīriyo bahulaṁ viharāmi, samāhito bahulaṁ viharāmī’ti, tena, bhikkhave, bhikkhunā tesuyeva kusalesu dhammesu patiṭṭhāya uttari āsavānaṁ khayāya yogo karaṇīyo”ti. 
‘I am often content, kind-hearted, rid of dullness and drowsiness, calm, confident, loving, pure in mind, undisturbed in body, energetic, and immersed in samādhi.’ Grounded on those skillful qualities, they should practice meditation further to end the defilements.” 

“No ce, bhikkhave, bhikkhu paracittapariyāyakusalo hoti, atha ‘sacittapariyāyakusalo bhavissāmī’ti—  “Mendicants, if a mendicant isn’t skilled in the ways of another’s mind, then they should train themselves: ‘I will be skilled in the ways of my own mind.’ 
Kathañca, bhikkhave, bhikkhu sacittapariyāyakusalo hoti? 
And how is a mendicant skilled in the ways of their own mind? 
Evamevaṁ kho, bhikkhave, bhikkhuno paccavekkhaṇā bahukārā hoti kusalesu dhammesu: 
In the same way, checking is very helpful for a mendicant’s skillful qualities. 
‘na lābhī ajjhattaṁ cetosamathassa, na lābhī adhipaññādhammavipassanāyā’ti, tena, bhikkhave, bhikkhunā tesaṁyeva kusalānaṁ dhammānaṁ paṭilābhāya adhimatto chando ca vāyāmo ca ussāho ca ussoḷhī ca appaṭivānī ca sati ca sampajaññañca karaṇīyaṁ. 
‘I have neither serenity nor discernment.’ In order to get those skillful qualities, they should apply intense enthusiasm, effort, zeal, vigor, perseverance, mindfulness, and situational awareness. 
Evamevaṁ kho, bhikkhave, tena bhikkhunā tesaṁyeva kusalānaṁ dhammānaṁ paṭilābhāya adhimatto chando ca vāyāmo ca ussāho ca ussoḷhī ca appaṭivānī ca sati ca sampajaññañca karaṇīyaṁ. 
In the same way, in order to get those skillful qualities, that mendicant should apply intense enthusiasm … 
‘lābhīmhi ajjhattaṁ cetosamathassa, lābhī adhipaññādhammavipassanāyā’ti, tena, bhikkhave, bhikkhunā tesuyeva kusalesu dhammesu patiṭṭhāya uttari āsavānaṁ khayāya yogo karaṇīyo. 
‘I have both serenity and discernment.’ Grounded on those skillful qualities, they should practice meditation further to end the defilements. 
‘idaṁ kho me cīvaraṁ sevato akusalā dhammā abhivaḍḍhanti, kusalā dhammā parihāyantī’ti, evarūpaṁ cīvaraṁ na sevitabbaṁ. 
‘When I wear this robe, unskillful qualities grow, and skillful qualities decline.’ You should not wear that kind of robe. 
‘idaṁ kho me cīvaraṁ sevato akusalā dhammā parihāyanti, kusalā dhammā abhivaḍḍhantī’ti, evarūpaṁ cīvaraṁ sevitabbaṁ. 
‘When I wear this robe, unskillful qualities decline, and skillful qualities grow.’ You should wear that kind of robe. 
‘imaṁ kho me piṇḍapātaṁ sevato akusalā dhammā abhivaḍḍhanti, kusalā dhammā parihāyantī’ti, evarūpo piṇḍapāto na sevitabbo. 
‘When I eat this almsfood, unskillful qualities grow, and skillful qualities decline.’ You should not eat that kind of almsfood. 
‘imaṁ kho me piṇḍapātaṁ sevato akusalā dhammā parihāyanti, kusalā dhammā abhivaḍḍhantī’ti, evarūpo piṇḍapāto sevitabbo. 
‘When I eat this almsfood, unskillful qualities decline, and skillful qualities grow.’ You should eat that kind of almsfood. 
‘idaṁ kho me senāsanaṁ sevato akusalā dhammā abhivaḍḍhanti, kusalā dhammā parihāyantī’ti, evarūpaṁ senāsanaṁ na sevitabbaṁ. 
‘When I frequent this lodging, unskillful qualities grow, and skillful qualities decline.’ You should not frequent that kind of lodging. 
‘idaṁ kho me senāsanaṁ sevato akusalā dhammā parihāyanti, kusalā dhammā abhivaḍḍhantī’ti, evarūpaṁ senāsanaṁ sevitabbaṁ. 
‘When I frequent this lodging, unskillful qualities decline, and skillful qualities grow.’ You should frequent that kind of lodging. 
‘imaṁ kho me gāmanigamaṁ sevato akusalā dhammā abhivaḍḍhanti, kusalā dhammā parihāyantī’ti, evarūpo gāmanigamo na sevitabbo. 
‘When I frequent this village or town, unskillful qualities grow, and skillful qualities decline.’ You should not frequent that kind of village or town. 
‘imaṁ kho me gāmanigamaṁ sevato akusalā dhammā parihāyanti, kusalā dhammā abhivaḍḍhantī’ti, evarūpo gāmanigamo sevitabbo. 
‘When I frequent this village or town, unskillful qualities decline, and skillful qualities grow.’ You should frequent that kind of village or town. 
‘imaṁ kho me janapadapadesaṁ sevato akusalā dhammā abhivaḍḍhanti, kusalā dhammā parihāyantī’ti, evarūpo janapadapadeso na sevitabbo. 
‘When I frequent this country, unskillful qualities grow, and skillful qualities decline.’ You should not frequent that kind of country. 
‘imaṁ kho me janapadapadesaṁ sevato akusalā dhammā parihāyanti, kusalā dhammā abhivaḍḍhantī’ti, evarūpo janapadapadeso sevitabbo. 
‘When I frequent this country, unskillful qualities decline, and skillful qualities grow.’ You should frequent that kind of country. 
‘imaṁ kho me puggalaṁ sevato akusalā dhammā abhivaḍḍhanti, kusalā dhammā parihāyantī’ti, evarūpo puggalo na sevitabbo. 
‘When I frequent this person, unskillful qualities grow, and skillful qualities decline.’ You should not frequent that kind of person. 
‘imaṁ kho me puggalaṁ sevato akusalā dhammā parihāyanti, kusalā dhammā abhivaḍḍhantī’ti, evarūpo puggalo sevitabbo. 
‘When I frequent this person, unskillful qualities decline, and skillful qualities grow.’ You should frequent that kind of person. 

No ce, āvuso, bhikkhu paracittapariyāyakusalo hoti, atha ‘sacittapariyāyakusalo bhavissāmī’ti—  If a mendicant isn’t skilled in the ways of another’s mind, then they should train themselves: ‘I will be skilled in the ways of my own mind.’ 
Kathañcāvuso, bhikkhu sacittapariyāyakusalo hoti? 
And how is a mendicant skilled in the ways of their own mind? 
Evameva kho, āvuso, bhikkhuno paccavekkhaṇā bahukārā hoti kusalesu dhammesu: 
In the same way, checking is very helpful for a mendicant’s skillful qualities. 
Sace pana, āvuso, bhikkhu paccavekkhamāno sabbepime kusale dhamme attani na samanupassati, tenāvuso, bhikkhunā sabbesaṁyeva imesaṁ kusalānaṁ dhammānaṁ paṭilābhāya adhimatto chando ca vāyāmo ca ussāho ca ussoḷhī ca appaṭivānī ca sati ca sampajaññañca karaṇīyaṁ. 
Suppose a mendicant, while checking, doesn’t see any of these skillful qualities in themselves. In order to get them they should apply intense enthusiasm, effort, zeal, vigor, perseverance, mindfulness, and situational awareness. 
Evamevaṁ kho, āvuso, tena bhikkhunā sabbesaṁyeva kusalānaṁ dhammānaṁ paṭilābhāya adhimatto chando ca vāyāmo ca ussāho ca ussoḷhī ca appaṭivānī ca sati ca sampajaññañca karaṇīyaṁ. 
In the same way, they should apply intense enthusiasm to get those skillful qualities … 
Sace panāvuso, bhikkhu paccavekkhamāno ekacce kusale dhamme attani samanupassati, ekacce kusale dhamme attani na samanupassati, tenāvuso, bhikkhunā ye kusale dhamme attani samanupassati tesu kusalesu dhammesu patiṭṭhāya, ye kusale dhamme attani na samanupassati tesaṁ kusalānaṁ dhammānaṁ paṭilābhāya adhimatto chando ca vāyāmo ca ussāho ca ussoḷhī ca appaṭivānī ca sati ca sampajaññañca karaṇīyaṁ. 
Suppose a mendicant, while checking, sees some of these skillful qualities in themselves, but doesn’t see others. Grounded on the skillful qualities they see, they should apply intense enthusiasm, effort, zeal, vigor, perseverance, mindfulness, and situational awareness in order to get the skillful qualities they don’t see. 
Evamevaṁ kho, āvuso, tena bhikkhunā ye kusale dhamme attani samanupassati tesu kusalesu dhammesu patiṭṭhāya, ye kusale dhamme attani na samanupassati tesaṁ kusalānaṁ dhammānaṁ paṭilābhāya adhimatto chando ca vāyāmo ca ussāho ca ussoḷhī ca appaṭivānī ca sati ca sampajaññañca karaṇīyaṁ. 
In the same way, grounded on the skillful qualities they see, they should apply intense enthusiasm to get those skillful qualities they don’t see. 
Sace panāvuso, bhikkhu paccavekkhamāno sabbepime kusale dhamme attani samanupassati, tenāvuso, bhikkhunā sabbesveva imesu kusalesu dhammesu patiṭṭhāya uttari āsavānaṁ khayāya yogo karaṇīyo”ti. 
But suppose a mendicant, while checking, sees all of these skillful qualities in themselves. Grounded on all these skillful qualities they should practice meditation further to end the defilements.” 

‘yathāpabbajjāparicitañca no cittaṁ bhavissati, na cuppannā pāpakā akusalā dhammā cittaṁ pariyādāya ṭhassanti;  ‘Our minds will be consolidated as they were when we went forth, and arisen bad unskillful qualities will not occupy our minds. 
Yato kho, bhikkhave, bhikkhuno yathāpabbajjāparicitañca cittaṁ hoti na cuppannā pāpakā akusalā dhammā cittaṁ pariyādāya tiṭṭhanti, aniccasaññāparicitañca cittaṁ hoti, anattasaññāparicitañca cittaṁ hoti, asubhasaññāparicitañca cittaṁ hoti, ādīnavasaññāparicitañca cittaṁ hoti, lokassa samañca visamañca ñatvā taṁsaññāparicitañca cittaṁ hoti, lokassa bhavañca vibhavañca ñatvā taṁsaññāparicitañca cittaṁ hoti, lokassa samudayañca atthaṅgamañca ñatvā taṁsaññāparicitañca cittaṁ hoti, pahānasaññāparicitañca cittaṁ hoti, virāgasaññāparicitañca cittaṁ hoti, nirodhasaññāparicitañca cittaṁ hoti, tassa dvinnaṁ phalānaṁ aññataraṁ phalaṁ pāṭikaṅkhaṁ— 
When your minds are consolidated in these ten perceptions, you can expect one of two results: 

Idhānanda, bhikkhu uppannaṁ kāmavitakkaṁ nādhivāseti, pajahati, vinodeti, byantīkaroti, anabhāvaṁ gameti. Uppannaṁ byāpādavitakkaṁ nādhivāseti, pajahati, vinodeti, byantīkaroti, anabhāvaṁ gameti. Uppannaṁ vihiṁsāvitakkaṁ nādhivāseti, pajahati, vinodeti, byantīkaroti, anabhāvaṁ gameti. Uppannuppanne pāpake akusale dhamme nādhivāseti, pajahati, vinodeti, byantīkaroti, anabhāvaṁ gameti.  It’s when a mendicant doesn’t tolerate a sensual, malicious, or cruel thought that has arisen, and they don’t tolerate any bad, unskillful qualities that have arisen, but give them up, get rid of them, eliminate them, and obliterate them. 

“Yassa kassaci, āvuso, saddhā natthi kusalesu dhammesu, hirī natthi …  “Reverends, whoever has no faith, conscience, prudence, energy, and wisdom when it comes to skillful qualities 
paññā natthi kusalesu dhammesu, tassa yā ratti vā divaso vā āgacchati, hāniyeva pāṭikaṅkhā kusalesu dhammesu no vuddhi. 
can expect decline, not growth, in skillful qualities, whether by day or by night. 
evamevaṁ kho, āvuso, yassa kassaci saddhā natthi kusalesu dhammesu, hirī natthi … 
In the same way, whoever has no faith, conscience, prudence, energy, and wisdom when it comes to skillful qualities 
paññā natthi kusalesu dhammesu, tassa yā ratti vā divaso vā āgacchati, hāniyeva pāṭikaṅkhā kusalesu dhammesu no vuddhi. 
can expect decline, not growth, in skillful qualities, whether by day or by night. 
Yassa kassaci, āvuso, saddhā atthi kusalesu dhammesu, hirī atthi … 
Whoever has faith, conscience, prudence, energy, and wisdom when it comes to skillful qualities 
paññā atthi kusalesu dhammesu, tassa yā ratti vā divaso vā āgacchati, vuddhiyeva pāṭikaṅkhā kusalesu dhammesu no parihāni. 
can expect growth, not decline, in skillful qualities, whether by day or by night. 
evamevaṁ kho, āvuso, yassa kassaci saddhā atthi kusalesu dhammesu, hirī atthi … 
In the same way, whoever has faith, conscience, prudence, energy, and wisdom when it comes to skillful qualities 
paññā atthi kusalesu dhammesu, tassa yā ratti vā divaso vā āgacchati, vuddhiyeva pāṭikaṅkhā kusalesu dhammesu no parihāni. 
can expect growth, not decline, in skillful qualities, whether by day or by night. 
Yassa kassaci, sāriputta, saddhā natthi kusalesu dhammesu, hirī natthi … 
Whoever has no faith, conscience, prudence, energy, and wisdom when it comes to skillful qualities 
paññā natthi kusalesu dhammesu, tassa yā ratti vā divaso vā āgacchati, hāniyeva pāṭikaṅkhā kusalesu dhammesu no vuddhi. 
can expect decline, not growth, in skillful qualities, whether by day or by night. 
evamevaṁ kho, sāriputta, yassa kassaci saddhā natthi kusalesu dhammesu …pe… 
In the same way, whoever has no faith, conscience, prudence, energy, and wisdom when it comes to skillful qualities 
paññā natthi kusalesu dhammesu, tassa yā ratti vā divaso vā …pe… no vuddhi. 
can expect decline, not growth, in skillful qualities, whether by day or by night. 
Yassa kassaci, sāriputta, saddhā atthi kusalesu dhammesu, hirī atthi … 
Whoever has faith, conscience, prudence, energy, and wisdom when it comes to skillful qualities 
paññā atthi kusalesu dhammesu, tassa yā ratti vā divaso vā āgacchati, vuddhiyeva pāṭikaṅkhā kusalesu dhammesu no parihāni. 
can expect growth, not decline, in skillful qualities, whether by day or by night. 
evamevaṁ kho, sāriputta, yassa kassaci saddhā atthi kusalesu dhammesu, hirī atthi … 
In the same way, whoever has faith, conscience, prudence, energy, and wisdom when it comes to skillful qualities 
paññā atthi kusalesu dhammesu, tassa yā ratti vā divaso vā āgacchati, vuddhiyeva pāṭikaṅkhā kusalesu dhammesu no parihāni. 
can expect growth, not decline, in skillful qualities, whether by day or by night. 

“Yassa kassaci, āvuso, saddhā natthi kusalesu dhammesu, hirī natthi …  “Reverends, whoever has no faith, conscience, prudence, energy, and wisdom; who doesn’t want to listen, doesn’t memorize the teachings, examine their meaning, or practice accordingly, and is not diligent when it comes to skillful qualities 
appamādo natthi kusalesu dhammesu, tassa yā ratti vā divaso vā āgacchati, hāniyeva pāṭikaṅkhā kusalesu dhammesu no vuddhi. 
can expect decline, not growth, in skillful qualities, whether by day or by night. 
evamevaṁ kho, āvuso, yassa kassaci saddhā natthi kusalesu dhammesu, hirī natthi … 
In the same way, whoever has no faith, conscience, prudence, energy, and wisdom; who doesn’t want to listen, doesn’t memorize the teachings, examine their meaning, or practice accordingly, and is negligent when it comes to skillful qualities 
appamādo natthi kusalesu dhammesu, tassa yā ratti vā divaso vā āgacchati, hāniyeva pāṭikaṅkhā kusalesu dhammesu no vuddhi. 
can expect decline, not growth, in skillful qualities, whether by day or by night. 
Yassa kassaci, āvuso, saddhā atthi kusalesu dhammesu, hirī atthi … 
Whoever has faith, conscience, prudence, energy, and wisdom; who wants to listen, memorizes the teachings, examines their meaning, and practices accordingly, and is diligent when it comes to skillful qualities 
appamādo atthi kusalesu dhammesu, tassa yā ratti vā divaso vā āgacchati, vuddhiyeva pāṭikaṅkhā kusalesu dhammesu no parihāni. 
can expect growth, not decline, in skillful qualities, whether by day or by night. 
evamevaṁ kho, āvuso, yassa kassaci saddhā atthi kusalesu dhammesu …pe… 
In the same way, whoever has faith, conscience, prudence, energy, and wisdom; who wants to listen, memorizes the teachings, examines their meaning, and practices accordingly, and is diligent when it comes to skillful qualities 
appamādo atthi kusalesu dhammesu, tassa yā ratti vā divaso vā āgacchati, vuddhiyeva pāṭikaṅkhā kusalesu dhammesu no parihānī”ti. 
can expect growth, not decline, in skillful qualities, whether by day or by night.” 
Yassa kassaci, sāriputta, saddhā natthi kusalesu dhammesu hirī natthi … 
Whoever has no faith, conscience, prudence, energy, and wisdom; who doesn’t want to listen, doesn’t memorize the teachings, examine their meaning, or practice accordingly, and is negligent when it comes to skillful qualities 
appamādo natthi kusalesu dhammesu tassa yā ratti vā divaso vā āgacchati, hāniyeva pāṭikaṅkhā kusalesu dhammesu no vuddhi. 
can expect decline, not growth, in skillful qualities, whether by day or by night. 
evamevaṁ kho, sāriputta, yassa kassaci saddhā natthi kusalesu dhammesu …pe… 
In the same way, whoever has no faith, conscience, prudence, energy, and wisdom; who doesn’t want to listen, doesn’t memorize the teachings, examine their meaning, or practice accordingly, and is negligent when it comes to skillful qualities 
appamādo natthi kusalesu dhammesu, tassa yā ratti vā divaso vā āgacchati, hāniyeva pāṭikaṅkhā kusalesu dhammesu no vuddhi. 
can expect decline, not growth, in skillful qualities, whether by day or by night. 
Yassa kassaci, sāriputta, saddhā atthi kusalesu dhammesu hirī atthi … 
Whoever has faith, conscience, prudence, energy, and wisdom; who wants to listen, memorizes the teachings, examines their meaning, and practices accordingly, and is diligent when it comes to skillful qualities 
appamādo atthi kusalesu dhammesu, tassa yā ratti vā divaso vā āgacchati, vuddhiyeva pāṭikaṅkhā kusalesu dhammesu no parihāni. 
can expect growth, not decline, in skillful qualities, whether by day or by night. 
evamevaṁ kho, sāriputta, yassa kassaci saddhā atthi kusalesu dhammesu …pe… 
In the same way, whoever has faith, conscience, prudence, energy, and wisdom; who wants to listen, memorizes the teachings, examines their meaning, and practices accordingly, and is diligent when it comes to skillful qualities 
appamādo atthi kusalesu dhammesu, tassa yā ratti vā divaso vā āgacchati, vuddhiyeva pāṭikaṅkhā kusalesu dhammesu no parihānī”ti. 
can expect growth, not decline, in skillful qualities, whether by day or by night.” 

Tamenaṁ tathāgato vā tathāgatasāvako vā jhāyī samāpattikusalo paracittakusalo paracittapariyāyakusalo samanuyuñjati samanuggāhati samanubhāsati.  They’re pursued, pressed, and grilled by the Realized One, or by one of his disciples who has the absorptions, and is skilled in attainments, in the minds of others, and in the ways of another’s mind. 
So tathāgatena vā tathāgatasāvakena vā jhāyinā samāpattikusalena paracittakusalena paracittapariyāyakusalena samanuyuñjiyamāno samanuggāhiyamāno samanubhāsiyamāno irīṇaṁ āpajjati vicinaṁ āpajjati anayaṁ āpajjati byasanaṁ āpajjati anayabyasanaṁ āpajjati. 
Grilled in this way they get stuck or lose their way. They fall to ruin and disaster. 
Tamenaṁ tathāgato vā tathāgatasāvako vā jhāyī samāpattikusalo paracittakusalo paracittapariyāyakusalo evaṁ cetasā ceto paricca manasi karoti: 
The Realized One or one of his disciples comprehends their mind and investigates: 
Tamenaṁ tathāgato vā tathāgatasāvako vā jhāyī samāpattikusalo paracittakusalo paracittapariyāyakusalo evaṁ cetasā ceto paricca pajānāti: 
They understand: 

Tamenaṁ tathāgato vā tathāgatasāvako vā jhāyī samāpattikusalo paracittakusalo paracittapariyāyakusalo samanuyuñjati samanuggāhati samanubhāsati.  They’re pursued, pressed, and grilled by the Realized One, or by one of his disciples who has the absorptions, and is skilled in attainments, in the minds of others, and in the ways of another’s mind. 
So tathāgatena vā tathāgatasāvakena vā jhāyinā samāpattikusalena paracittakusalena paracittapariyāyakusalena samanuyuñjiyamāno samanuggāhiyamāno samanubhāsiyamāno irīṇaṁ āpajjati vicinaṁ āpajjati anayaṁ āpajjati byasanaṁ āpajjati anayabyasanaṁ āpajjati. 
Grilled in this way they get stuck or lose their way. They fall to ruin and disaster. 
Tamenaṁ tathāgato vā tathāgatasāvako vā jhāyī samāpattikusalo paracittakusalo paracittapariyāyakusalo evaṁ cetasā ceto paricca manasi karoti: 
The Realized One or one of his disciples comprehends their mind and investigates: 
Tamenaṁ tathāgato vā tathāgatasāvako vā jhāyī samāpattikusalo paracittakusalo paracittapariyāyakusalo evaṁ cetasā ceto paricca pajānāti: 
They understand, 
Tamenaṁ tathāgato vā tathāgatasāvako vā jhāyī samāpattikusalo paracittakusalo paracittapariyāyakusalo samanuyuñjati samanuggāhati samanubhāsati. 
They’re pursued, pressed, and grilled by the Realized One, or by one of his disciples … 
So tathāgatena vā tathāgatasāvakena vā jhāyinā samāpattikusalena paracittakusalena paracittapariyāyakusalena samanuyuñjiyamāno samanuggāhiyamāno samanubhāsiyamāno irīṇaṁ āpajjati vicinaṁ āpajjati anayaṁ āpajjati byasanaṁ āpajjati anayabyasanaṁ āpajjati. 
Grilled in this way they get stuck or lose their way. They fall to ruin and disaster. 
Tamenaṁ tathāgato vā tathāgatasāvako vā jhāyī samāpattikusalo paracittakusalo paracittapariyāyakusalo evaṁ cetasā ceto paricca manasi karoti: 
The Realized One or one of his disciples comprehends their mind and investigates: 
Tamenaṁ tathāgato vā tathāgatasāvako vā jhāyī samāpattikusalo paracittapariyāyakusalo cetasā ceto paricca pajānāti: 
They understand,