Mahāmoggallānasutta  Moggallāna’s Practice 
Mahāmoggallānasutta → moggallānapaṭipadāsuttaṁ (bj) 
Sammodanīyaṁ kathaṁ sāraṇīyaṁ vītisāretvā ekamantaṁ nisīdi. Ekamantaṁ nisinno kho āyasmā sāriputto āyasmantaṁ mahāmoggallānaṁ etadavoca: 
When the greetings and polite conversation were over, Sāriputta sat down to one side and said to Mahāmoggallāna: 
“Catasso imā, āvuso moggallāna, paṭipadā. 
“Reverend Moggallāna, there are four ways of practice. 

“Catasso imā, āvuso moggallāna, paṭipadā.  “Reverend Moggallāna … 

Atha kho vappo sakko nigaṇṭhasāvako yenāyasmā mahāmoggallāno tenupasaṅkami; upasaṅkamitvā āyasmantaṁ mahāmoggallānaṁ abhivādetvā ekamantaṁ nisīdi. Ekamantaṁ nisinnaṁ kho vappaṁ sakkaṁ nigaṇṭhasāvakaṁ āyasmā mahāmoggallāno etadavoca:  Then Vappa of the Sakyans, a disciple of the Jains, went up to Venerable Mahāmoggallāna, bowed, and sat down to one side. Mahāmoggallāna said to him: 
Ayañceva kho pana āyasmato mahāmoggallānassa vappena sakkena nigaṇṭhasāvakena saddhiṁ antarākathā vippakatā hoti. 
But this conversation between Mahāmoggallāna and Vappa was left unfinished. 
Atha kho bhagavā sāyanhasamayaṁ paṭisallānā vuṭṭhito yena upaṭṭhānasālā tenupasaṅkami; upasaṅkamitvā paññatte āsane nisīdi. Nisajja kho bhagavā āyasmantaṁ mahāmoggallānaṁ etadavoca: 
Then in the late afternoon, the Buddha came out of retreat and went to the assembly hall. He sat down on the seat spread out, and said to Mahāmoggallāna, 
“Kāya nuttha, moggallāna, etarahi kathāya sannisinnā; kā ca pana vo antarākathā vippakatā”ti? 
“Moggallāna, what were you sitting talking about just now? What conversation was left unfinished?” 

Tena kho pana samayena kakudho nāma koliyaputto āyasmato mahāmoggallānassa upaṭṭhāko adhunākālaṅkato aññataraṁ manomayaṁ kāyaṁ upapanno.  At that time the Koliyan named Kakudha—Venerable Mahāmoggallāna’s supporter—had recently passed away and been reborn in a certain host of mind-made gods. 
Atha kho kakudho devaputto yenāyasmā mahāmoggallāno tenupasaṅkami; upasaṅkamitvā āyasmantaṁ mahāmoggallānaṁ abhivādetvā ekamantaṁ aṭṭhāsi. Ekamantaṁ ṭhito kho kakudho devaputto āyasmantaṁ mahāmoggallānaṁ etadavoca: 
Then the god Kakudha went up to Venerable Mahāmoggallāna, bowed, stood to one side, and said to him, 
Idaṁ vatvā āyasmantaṁ mahāmoggallānaṁ abhivādetvā padakkhiṇaṁ katvā tatthevantaradhāyi. 
Then he bowed and respectfully circled Mahāmoggallāna, keeping him on his right side, before vanishing right there. 
“Kiṁ pana te, moggallāna, kakudho devaputto cetasā ceto paricca vidito: 
“But Moggallāna, did you comprehend the god Kakudha’s mind, and know that 
“Rakkhassetaṁ, moggallāna, vācaṁ. 
“Mark these words, Moggallāna! 
Rakkhassetaṁ, moggallāna, vācaṁ … → etthantare pāṭho si, sya-all, km, pts1ed potthakesu natthi; pli-tv-kd17:2.1.1 pana sabbatthapi 
Rakkhassetaṁ, moggallāna, vācaṁ. 
Mark these words! 
Pañcime, moggallāna, satthāro santo saṁvijjamānā lokasmiṁ. 
Moggallāna, there are these five teachers found in the world. 
Idha, moggallāna, ekacco satthā aparisuddhasīlo samāno ‘parisuddhasīlomhī’ti paṭijānāti ‘parisuddhaṁ me sīlaṁ pariyodātaṁ asaṅkiliṭṭhan’ti. 
Firstly, some teacher with impure conduct claims: ‘I am pure in ethics. My ethical conduct is pure, bright, uncorrupted.’ 
Evarūpaṁ kho, moggallāna, satthāraṁ sāvakā sīlato rakkhanti; 
The disciples of such a teacher cover up their teacher’s conduct, 
Puna caparaṁ, moggallāna, idhekacco satthā aparisuddhājīvo samāno ‘parisuddhājīvomhī’ti paṭijānāti ‘parisuddho me ājīvo pariyodāto asaṅkiliṭṭho’ti. 
Furthermore, some teacher with impure livelihood claims: ‘I am pure in livelihood. My livelihood is pure, bright, uncorrupted.’ 
Evarūpaṁ kho, moggallāna, satthāraṁ sāvakā ājīvato rakkhanti; 
The disciples of such a teacher cover up their teacher’s livelihood, 
Puna caparaṁ, moggallāna, idhekacco satthā aparisuddhadhammadesano samāno ‘parisuddhadhammadesanomhī’ti paṭijānāti ‘parisuddhā me dhammadesanā pariyodātā asaṅkiliṭṭhā’ti. 
Furthermore, some teacher with impure teaching claims: ‘I am pure in teaching. My teaching is pure, bright, uncorrupted.’ 
Evarūpaṁ kho, moggallāna, satthāraṁ sāvakā dhammadesanato rakkhanti; 
The disciples of such a teacher cover up their teacher’s teaching, 
Puna caparaṁ, moggallāna, idhekacco satthā aparisuddhaveyyākaraṇo samāno ‘parisuddhaveyyākaraṇomhī’ti paṭijānāti ‘parisuddhaṁ me veyyākaraṇaṁ pariyodātaṁ asaṅkiliṭṭhan’ti. 
Furthermore, some teacher with impure answers claims: ‘I am pure in how I answer. My answers are pure, bright, uncorrupted.’ 
Evarūpaṁ kho, moggallāna, satthāraṁ sāvakā veyyākaraṇato rakkhanti; 
The disciples of such a teacher cover up their teacher’s answers, 
Puna caparaṁ, moggallāna, idhekacco satthā aparisuddhañāṇadassano samāno ‘parisuddhañāṇadassanomhī’ti paṭijānāti ‘parisuddhaṁ me ñāṇadassanaṁ pariyodātaṁ asaṅkiliṭṭhan’ti. 
Furthermore, some teacher with impure knowledge and vision claims: ‘I am pure in knowledge and vision. My knowledge and vision are pure, bright, uncorrupted.’ 
Evarūpaṁ kho, moggallāna, satthāraṁ sāvakā ñāṇadassanato rakkhanti; 
The disciples of such a teacher cover up their teacher’s knowledge and vision, 
Ime kho, moggallāna, pañca satthāro santo saṁvijjamānā lokasmiṁ. 
These are the five teachers found in the world. 
Ahaṁ kho pana, moggallāna, parisuddhasīlo samāno ‘parisuddhasīlomhī’ti paṭijānāmi ‘parisuddhaṁ me sīlaṁ pariyodātaṁ asaṅkiliṭṭhan’ti. 
But Moggallāna, I have pure ethical conduct, and I claim: ‘I am pure in ethical conduct. My ethical conduct is pure, bright, uncorrupted.’ 

Mahāmoggallānasutta  With Mahāmoggallāna 
Atha kho āyasmato mahāmoggallānassa rahogatassa paṭisallīnassa evaṁ cetaso parivitakko udapādi: 
Then as Venerable Mahāmoggallāna was in private retreat this thought came to his mind, 
Addasā kho tisso brahmā āyasmantaṁ mahāmoggallānaṁ dūratova āgacchantaṁ. 
Tissa saw Moggallāna coming off in the distance, 
Disvāna āyasmantaṁ mahāmoggallānaṁ etadavoca: 
and said to him, 
“ehi kho, mārisa moggallāna; svāgataṁ, mārisa moggallāna; 
“Come, my good Moggallāna! Welcome, my good Moggallāna! 
cirassaṁ kho, mārisa moggallāna; imaṁ pariyāyamakāsi, yadidaṁ idhāgamanāya. 
It’s been a long time since you took the opportunity to come here. 
Nisīda, mārisa moggallāna, idamāsanaṁ paññattan”ti. 
Sit, my good Moggallāna, this seat is for you.” 
Tissopi kho brahmā āyasmantaṁ mahāmoggallānaṁ abhivādetvā ekamantaṁ nisīdi. 
Then Tissa bowed to Moggallāna and sat to one side. 
“Cātumahārājikānaṁ kho, mārisa moggallāna, devānaṁ evaṁ ñāṇaṁ hoti: ‘sotāpannā nāma avinipātadhammā niyatā sambodhiparāyaṇā’”ti. 
“The gods of the four great kings know this.” 
“Na kho, mārisa moggallāna, sabbesaṁ cātumahārājikānaṁ devānaṁ evaṁ ñāṇaṁ hoti: ‘sotāpannā nāma avinipātadhammā niyatā sambodhiparāyaṇā’ti. 
“No, my good Moggallāna, not all of them. 
Ye kho te, mārisa moggallāna, cātumahārājikā devā buddhe aveccappasādena asamannāgatā dhamme aveccappasādena asamannāgatā saṅghe aveccappasādena asamannāgatā ariyakantehi sīlehi asamannāgatā na tesaṁ devānaṁ evaṁ ñāṇaṁ hoti: ‘sotāpannā nāma avinipātadhammā niyatā sambodhiparāyaṇā’ti. 
Those who lack experiential confidence in the Buddha, the teaching, and the Saṅgha, and lack the ethics loved by the noble ones, do not know that they are stream-enterers. 
Ye ca kho te, mārisa moggallāna, cātumahārājikā devā buddhe aveccappasādena samannāgatā, dhamme aveccappasādena samannāgatā, saṅghe aveccappasādena samannāgatā ariyakantehi sīlehi samannāgatā, tesaṁ evaṁ ñāṇaṁ hoti: ‘sotāpannā nāma avinipātadhammā niyatā sambodhiparāyaṇā’”ti. 
But those who have experiential confidence in the Buddha, the teaching, and the Saṅgha, and have the ethics loved by the noble ones, do know that they are stream-enterers.” 
“Paranimmitavasavattīnampi kho, mārisa moggallāna, devānaṁ evaṁ ñāṇaṁ hoti: ‘sotāpannā nāma avinipātadhammā niyatā sambodhiparāyaṇā’”ti. 
“The gods of these various classes know this.” 
“Na kho, mārisa moggallāna, sabbesaṁ paranimmitavasavattīnaṁ devānaṁ evaṁ ñāṇaṁ hoti: ‘sotāpannā nāma avinipātadhammā niyatā sambodhiparāyaṇā’ti. 
“No, my good Moggallāna, not all of them. 
Ye kho te, mārisa moggallāna, paranimmitavasavattī devā buddhe aveccappasādena asamannāgatā, dhamme aveccappasādena asamannāgatā, saṅghe aveccappasādena asamannāgatā, ariyakantehi sīlehi asamannāgatā, na tesaṁ devānaṁ evaṁ ñāṇaṁ hoti: ‘sotāpannā nāma avinipātadhammā niyatā sambodhiparāyaṇā’ti. 
Those who lack experiential confidence in the Buddha, the teaching, and the Saṅgha, and lack the ethics loved by the noble ones, do not know that they are stream-enterers. 
Ye ca kho te, mārisa moggallāna, paranimmitavasavattī devā buddhe aveccappasādena samannāgatā, dhamme aveccappasādena samannāgatā, saṅghe aveccappasādena samannāgatā, ariyakantehi sīlehi samannāgatā tesaṁ evaṁ ñāṇaṁ hoti: ‘sotāpannā nāma avinipātadhammā niyatā sambodhiparāyaṇā’”ti. 
But those who have experiential confidence in the Buddha, the teaching, and the Saṅgha, and have the ethics loved by the noble ones, do know that they are stream-enterers.” 

Tena kho pana samayena veḷukaṇḍakī nandamātā upāsikā sāriputtamoggallānappamukhe bhikkhusaṅghe chaḷaṅgasamannāgataṁ dakkhiṇaṁ patiṭṭhāpeti.  Now at that time Veḷukaṇṭakī, Nanda’s mother, was preparing a religious donation with six factors for the mendicant Saṅgha headed by Sāriputta and Moggallāna. 
Addasā kho bhagavā dibbena cakkhunā visuddhena atikkantamānusakena veḷukaṇḍakiṁ nandamātaraṁ upāsikaṁ sāriputtamoggallānappamukhe bhikkhusaṅghe chaḷaṅgasamannāgataṁ dakkhiṇaṁ patiṭṭhāpentiṁ. 
The Buddha saw her doing this, with his clairvoyance that is purified and superhuman, 
“esā, bhikkhave, veḷukaṇḍakī nandamātā upāsikā sāriputtamoggallānappamukhe bhikkhusaṅghe chaḷaṅgasamannāgataṁ dakkhiṇaṁ patiṭṭhāpeti. 
“This Veḷukaṇṭakī, Nanda’s mother, is preparing a religious donation with six factors for the mendicant Saṅgha headed by Sāriputta and Moggallāna. 

Moggallāna vijjābhāgiyā;   

Sveva sāriputtamoggallānappamukho bhikkhusaṅgho akatapātarāso veḷukaṇḍakaṁ āgamissati, tañca bhikkhusaṅghaṁ parivisitvā mama dakkhiṇaṁ ādiseyyāsi.  Tomorrow, the mendicant Saṅgha headed by Sāriputta and Moggallāna will arrive at Veḷukaṇṭa before breakfast. When you’ve served the Saṅgha, please dedicate the religious donation to me. 
Atha kho sāriputtamoggallānappamukho bhikkhusaṅgho akatapātarāso yena veḷukaṇḍako tadavasari. 
Then the Saṅgha of mendicants headed by Sāriputta and Moggallāna arrived at Veḷukaṇṭa. 
Atha kho sāriputtamoggallānappamukho bhikkhusaṅgho pubbaṇhasamayaṁ nivāsetvā pattacīvaramādāya yena nandamātāya upāsikāya nivesanaṁ tenupasaṅkami; upasaṅkamitvā paññatte āsane nisīdi. 
And then the Saṅgha of mendicants headed by Sāriputta and Moggallāna robed up in the morning and, taking their bowls and robes, went to the home of Nanda’s Mother, where they sat on the seats spread out. 
Atha kho nandamātā upāsikā sāriputtamoggallānappamukhaṁ bhikkhusaṅghaṁ paṇītena khādanīyena bhojanīyena sahatthā santappesi sampavāresi. 
Then Nanda’s Mother served and satisfied them with her own hands with delicious fresh and cooked foods. 
Sveva sāriputtamoggallānappamukho bhikkhusaṅgho akatapātarāso veḷukaṇḍakaṁ āgamissati, tañca bhikkhusaṅghaṁ parivisitvā mama dakkhiṇaṁ ādiseyyāsi. 
Tomorrow, the mendicant Saṅgha headed by Sāriputta and Moggallāna will arrive at Veḷukaṇṭa before breakfast. When you’ve served the Saṅgha, please dedicate the religious donation to me. 

Atha kho āyasmato mahāmoggallānassa etadahosi:  He thought, 
Addasā kho tisso brahmā āyasmantaṁ mahāmoggallānaṁ dūratova āgacchantaṁ. 
Tissa saw Moggallāna coming off in the distance, 
Disvā āyasmantaṁ mahāmoggallānaṁ etadavoca: 
and said to him, 
“ehi kho, mārisa moggallāna; 
“Come, my good Moggallāna! 
svāgataṁ, mārisa moggallāna. 
Welcome, my good Moggallāna! 
Cirassaṁ kho, mārisa moggallāna, imaṁ pariyāyamakāsi, yadidaṁ idhāgamanāya. 
It’s been a long time since you took the opportunity to come here. 
Nisīda, mārisa moggallāna, idamāsanaṁ paññattan”ti. 
Sit, my good Moggallāna, this seat is for you.” 
Tissopi kho brahmā āyasmantaṁ mahāmoggallānaṁ abhivādetvā ekamantaṁ nisīdi. 
Then Tissa bowed to Moggallāna and sat to one side. 
“Brahmakāyikānaṁ kho, mārisa moggallāna, devānaṁ evaṁ ñāṇaṁ hoti: 
“The gods of the Divinity’s host know this.” 
“Na kho, mārisa moggallāna, sabbesaṁ brahmakāyikānaṁ devānaṁ evaṁ ñāṇaṁ hoti: 
“No, my good Moggallāna, not all of them. 
Ye kho te, mārisa moggallāna, brahmakāyikā devā brahmena āyunā santuṭṭhā brahmena vaṇṇena brahmena sukhena brahmena yasena brahmena ādhipateyyena santuṭṭhā, te uttari nissaraṇaṁ yathābhūtaṁ nappajānanti. 
Those gods of the Divinity’s host who are content with the lifespan of the Divinity, with the beauty, happiness, fame, and sovereignty of the Divinity, and who don’t truly understand any escape beyond: 
Ye ca kho te, mārisa moggallāna, brahmakāyikā devā brahmena āyunā asantuṭṭhā, brahmena vaṇṇena brahmena sukhena brahmena yasena brahmena ādhipateyyena asantuṭṭhā, te ca uttari nissaraṇaṁ yathābhūtaṁ pajānanti. 
But those gods of the Divinity’s host who are not content with the lifespan of the Divinity, with the beauty, happiness, fame, and sovereignty of the Divinity, and who do truly understand any escape beyond: 
Idha, mārisa moggallāna, bhikkhu ubhatobhāgavimutto hoti. 
Take a mendicant who is freed both ways. 
Evampi kho, mārisa moggallāna, tesaṁ devānaṁ ñāṇaṁ hoti: 
This too is how those gods know whether a person has anything left over or not. 
Idha pana, mārisa moggallāna, bhikkhu paññāvimutto hoti. 
Take a mendicant who is freed by wisdom. 
Evampi kho, mārisa moggallāna, tesaṁ devānaṁ ñāṇaṁ hoti: 
This too is how those gods know whether a person has anything left over or not. 
Idha pana, mārisa moggallāna, bhikkhu kāyasakkhī hoti. 
Take a mendicant who is a direct witness. 
Evampi kho, mārisa moggallāna, tesaṁ devānaṁ ñāṇaṁ hoti: 
This too is how those gods know whether a person has anything left over or not. 
Idha pana, mārisa moggallāna, bhikkhu diṭṭhippatto hoti …pe… 
Take a mendicant who is attained to view. … 
Evampi kho, mārisa moggallāna, tesaṁ devānaṁ ñāṇaṁ hoti: 
This too is how those gods know whether a person has anything left over or not.” 
“Na hi pana te, moggallāna, tisso brahmā sattamaṁ animittavihāriṁ puggalaṁ deseti”. 
“But Moggallāna, Tissa the Divinity didn’t teach the seventh person, the signless meditator.” 
“Tena hi, moggallāna, suṇāhi, sādhukaṁ manasi karohi; bhāsissāmī”ti. 
“Well then, Moggallāna, listen and apply your mind well, I will speak.” 
“Idha, moggallāna, bhikkhu sabbanimittānaṁ amanasikārā animittaṁ cetosamādhiṁ upasampajja viharati. 
“Moggallāna, take the case of a mendicant who, not focusing on any signs, enters and remains in the signless immersion of the heart. 
Evaṁ kho, moggallāna, tesaṁ devānaṁ ñāṇaṁ hoti: 
This too is how those gods know whether a person has anything left over or not.” 

Addasā kho bhagavā dibbena cakkhunā visuddhena atikkantamānusakena āyasmantaṁ mahāmoggallānaṁ magadhesu kallavāḷaputtagāme pacalāyamānaṁ nisinnaṁ.  The Buddha saw him with his clairvoyance that is purified and superhuman. 
seyyathāpi nāma balavā puriso samiñjitaṁ vā bāhaṁ pasāreyya, pasāritaṁ vā bāhaṁ samiñjeyya; evamevaṁ—bhaggesu susumāragire bhesakaḷāvane migadāye antarahito magadhesu kallavāḷaputtagāme āyasmato mahāmoggallānassa sammukhe pāturahosi. 
Then, as easily as a strong person would extend or contract their arm, he vanished from the deer park at Bhesakaḷā’s Wood in the land of the Bhaggas and reappeared in front of Mahāmoggallāna near Kallavāḷamutta Village in the land of the Magadhans. 
Nisajja kho bhagavā āyasmantaṁ mahāmoggallānaṁ etadavoca: 
and said to Mahāmoggallāna, 
“Pacalāyasi no tvaṁ, moggallāna, pacalāyasi no tvaṁ, moggallānā”ti? 
“Are you nodding off, Moggallāna? Are you nodding off?” 
“Tasmātiha, moggallāna, yathāsaññissa te viharato taṁ middhaṁ okkamati, taṁ saññaṁ mā manasākāsi, taṁ saññaṁ mā bahulamakāsi. 
“So, Moggallāna, don’t focus on or cultivate the perception that you were meditating on when you fell drowsy. 
Ṭhānaṁ kho panetaṁ, moggallāna, vijjati yaṁ te evaṁ viharato taṁ middhaṁ pahīyetha. 
It’s possible that you’ll give up drowsiness in this way. 
No ce te evaṁ viharato taṁ middhaṁ pahīyetha, tato tvaṁ, moggallāna, yathāsutaṁ yathāpariyattaṁ dhammaṁ cetasā anuvitakkeyyāsi anuvicāreyyāsi, manasā anupekkheyyāsi. 
But what if that doesn’t work? Then think about and consider the teaching as you’ve learned and memorized it, examining it with your mind. 
No ce te evaṁ viharato taṁ middhaṁ pahīyetha, tato tvaṁ, moggallāna, yathāsutaṁ yathāpariyattaṁ dhammaṁ vitthārena sajjhāyaṁ kareyyāsi. 
But what if that doesn’t work? Then recite in detail the teaching as you’ve learned and memorized it. 
No ce te evaṁ viharato taṁ middhaṁ pahīyetha, tato tvaṁ, moggallāna, ubho kaṇṇasotāni āviñcheyyāsi, pāṇinā gattāni anumajjeyyāsi. 
But what if that doesn’t work? Then pinch your ears and rub your limbs. 
No ce te evaṁ viharato taṁ middhaṁ pahīyetha, tato tvaṁ, moggallāna, uṭṭhāyāsanā udakena akkhīni anumajjitvā disā anuvilokeyyāsi, nakkhattāni tārakarūpāni ullokeyyāsi. 
But what if that doesn’t work? Then get up from your seat, flush your eyes with water, look around in every direction, and look up at the stars and constellations. 
No ce te evaṁ viharato taṁ middhaṁ pahīyetha, tato tvaṁ, moggallāna, ālokasaññaṁ manasi kareyyāsi, divāsaññaṁ adhiṭṭhaheyyāsi— 
But what if that doesn’t work? Then apply your mind to the perception of light, focusing on the perception of day: 
No ce te evaṁ viharato taṁ middhaṁ pahīyetha, tato tvaṁ, moggallāna, pacchāpuresaññī caṅkamaṁ adhiṭṭhaheyyāsi antogatehi indriyehi abahigatena mānasena. 
But what if that doesn’t work? Then walk mindfully, focusing on the perception of before and behind, your faculties directed inwards and your mind not scattered outside. 
No ce te evaṁ viharato taṁ middhaṁ pahīyetha, tato tvaṁ, moggallāna, dakkhiṇena passena sīhaseyyaṁ kappeyyāsi pāde pādaṁ accādhāya sato sampajāno uṭṭhānasaññaṁ manasi karitvā. 
But what if that doesn’t work? Then lie down in the lion’s posture—on the right side, placing one foot on top of the other—mindful and aware, and focused on the time of getting up. 
Paṭibuddhena ca te, moggallāna, khippaññeva paccuṭṭhātabbaṁ: 
When you wake, you should get up quickly, thinking: 
Evañhi te, moggallāna, sikkhitabbaṁ. 
That’s how you should train. 
Tasmātiha, moggallāna, evaṁ sikkhitabbaṁ: 
So you should train like this: 
Evañhi te, moggallāna, sikkhitabbaṁ. 
That’s how you should train. 
Sace, moggallāna, bhikkhu uccāsoṇḍaṁ paggahetvā kulāni upasaṅkamati, santi hi, moggallāna, kulesu kiccakaraṇīyāni. 
What happens if a mendicant approaches families with a head swollen with vanity? Well, families have business to attend to, 
Tasmātiha, moggallāna, evaṁ sikkhitabbaṁ: 
So you should train like this: 
Evañhi te, moggallāna, sikkhitabbaṁ. 
That’s how you should train. 
Viggāhikāya, moggallāna, kathāya sati kathābāhullaṁ pāṭikaṅkhaṁ, kathābāhulle sati uddhaccaṁ, uddhatassa asaṁvaro, asaṁvutassa ārā cittaṁ samādhimhā. 
When there’s an argument, you can expect there’ll be lots of talking. When there’s lots of talking, people become restless. Being restless, they lose restraint. And without restraint the mind is far from immersion. 
Nāhaṁ, moggallāna, sabbeheva saṁsaggaṁ vaṇṇayāmi. 
Moggallāna, I don’t praise all kinds of closeness. 
Nāhaṁ, moggallāna, sabbeheva saṁsaggaṁ vaṇṇayāmi → nāhaṁ moggalāna sabbeheva samaggaṁ vaṇṇayāmi gahaṭṭhehi pabbajitehi kho ahaṁ moggallāna samaggaṁ vaṇṇayāmi (mr) 
Na panāhaṁ, moggallāna, sabbeheva saṁsaggaṁ na vaṇṇayāmi. 
Nor do I criticize all kinds of closeness. 
Sagahaṭṭhapabbajitehi kho ahaṁ, moggallāna, saṁsaggaṁ na vaṇṇayāmi. 
I don’t praise closeness with laypeople and renunciates. 
“Idha, moggallāna, bhikkhuno sutaṁ hoti: 
“Take a mendicant who has heard: 
evañcetaṁ, moggallāna, bhikkhuno sutaṁ hoti: 
When a mendicant has heard that 
Ettāvatā kho, moggallāna, bhikkhu saṅkhittena taṇhāsaṅkhayavimutto hoti accantaniṭṭho accantayogakkhemī accantabrahmacārī accantapariyosāno seṭṭho devamanussānan”ti. 
That’s how I briefly define a mendicant who is freed through the ending of craving, who has reached the ultimate end, the ultimate sanctuary from the yoke, the ultimate spiritual life, the ultimate goal, and is best among gods and humans.” 

Atha kho āyasmato mahāmoggallānassa etadahosi:  Then Venerable Mahāmoggallāna thought, 
“Acchariyaṁ, moggallāna, abbhutaṁ, moggallāna. 
“It’s incredible, Moggallāna, it’s amazing, 

“Āvuso”ti kho te bhikkhū āyasmato mahāmoggallānassa paccassosuṁ.  “Reverend,” they replied. 

Mayhaṁ, bhikkhave, etarahi sāriputtamoggallānaṁ nāma sāvakayugaṁ ahosi aggaṁ bhaddayugaṁ.  I have a fine pair of chief disciples named Sāriputta and Moggallāna. 
Bhagavato, mārisā, sāriputtamoggallānaṁ nāma sāvakayugaṁ ahosi aggaṁ bhaddayugaṁ. 
You have a fine pair of chief disciples named Sāriputta and Moggallāna. 
Bhagavato, mārisā, sāriputtamoggallānaṁ nāma sāvakayugaṁ ahosi aggaṁ bhaddayugaṁ. 
 

Ayaṁ kho, āvuso moggallāna, hetu ayaṁ paccayo yenimesaṁ dvinnaṁ puggalānaṁ sāṅgaṇānaṁyeva sataṁ eko hīnapuriso akkhāyati, eko seṭṭhapuriso akkhāyati.  This is the cause, this is the reason why, of the two persons with a blemish, one is said to be worse and one better. 
Ayaṁ panāvuso moggallāna, hetu ayaṁ paccayo yenimesaṁ dvinnaṁ puggalānaṁ anaṅgaṇānaṁyeva sataṁ eko hīnapuriso akkhāyati, eko seṭṭhapuriso akkhāyatī”ti. 
And this is the cause, this is the reason why, of the two persons without a blemish, one is said to be worse and one better.” 

“Āvuso”ti kho te bhikkhū āyasmato mahāmoggallānassa paccassosuṁ.  “Reverend,” they replied. 
Attamanā te bhikkhū āyasmato mahāmoggallānassa bhāsitaṁ abhinandunti. 
Satisfied, the mendicants approved what Venerable Mahāmoggallāna said. 

“Evamāvuso”ti kho āyasmā mahākassapo āyasmato mahāmoggallānassa paccassosi.  “Yes, reverend,” Mahākassapa replied. 
Addasā kho āyasmā ānando āyasmantañca mahāmoggallānaṁ āyasmantañca mahākassapaṁ āyasmantañca anuruddhaṁ yenāyasmā sāriputto tenupasaṅkamante dhammassavanāya. 
Seeing them, Venerable Ānanda 
Evaṁ vutte, āyasmā sāriputto āyasmantaṁ mahāmoggallānaṁ etadavoca: 
When he had spoken, Sāriputta said to Mahāmoggallāna, 
“byākataṁ kho, āvuso moggallāna, āyasmatā mahākassapena yathāsakaṁ paṭibhānaṁ. 
“Reverend Moggallāna, Mahākassapa has answered by speaking from his heart. 
Tattha dāni mayaṁ āyasmantaṁ mahāmoggallānaṁ pucchāma: 
And now we ask you the same question.” 
‘ramaṇīyaṁ, āvuso moggallāna, gosiṅgasālavanaṁ, dosinā ratti, sabbaphāliphullā sālā, dibbā, maññe, gandhā sampavanti; 
 
kathaṁrūpena, āvuso moggallāna, bhikkhunā gosiṅgasālavanaṁ sobheyyā’”ti? 
 
“Idhāvuso moggallāna, bhikkhu cittaṁ vasaṁ vatteti, no ca bhikkhu cittassa vasena vattati. 
“Reverend Moggallāna, it’s when a mendicant masters their mind and is not mastered by it. 
Seyyathāpi, āvuso moggallāna, rañño vā rājamahāmattassa vā nānārattānaṁ dussānaṁ dussakaraṇḍako pūro assa. 
Suppose that a ruler or their chief minister had a chest full of garments of different colors. 
Evameva kho, āvuso moggallāna, bhikkhu cittaṁ vasaṁ vatteti, no ca bhikkhu cittassa vasena vattati. 
In the same way, a mendicant masters their mind and is not mastered by it. 
Evarūpena kho, āvuso moggallāna, bhikkhunā gosiṅgasālavanaṁ sobheyyā”ti. 
That’s the kind of mendicant who would beautify this park.” 
“Evaṁ vutte, ahaṁ bhante āyasmantaṁ mahāmoggallānaṁ etadavocaṁ: 
“Next I asked Mahāmoggallāna the same question. 
‘byākataṁ kho, āvuso moggallāna, āyasmatā mahākassapena yathāsakaṁ paṭibhānaṁ. 
 
Tattha dāni mayaṁ āyasmantaṁ mahāmoggallānaṁ pucchāma …pe… 
 
kathaṁrūpena, āvuso moggallāna, bhikkhunā gosiṅgasālavanaṁ sobheyyā’ti? 
 
‘idhāvuso moggallāna, bhikkhu cittaṁ vasaṁ vatteti no ca bhikkhu cittassa vasena vattati. 
‘Reverend Moggallāna, it’s when a mendicant masters their mind and is not mastered by it … 
Seyyathāpi, āvuso moggallāna, rañño vā rājamahāmattassa vā nānārattānaṁ dussānaṁ dussakaraṇḍako pūro assa. 
 
Evameva kho, āvuso moggallāna, bhikkhu cittaṁ vasaṁ vatteti, no ca bhikkhu cittassa vasena vattati. 
 
Evarūpena kho, āvuso moggallāna, bhikkhunā gosiṅgasālavanaṁ sobheyyā’”ti. 
That’s the kind of mendicant who would beautify this park.’” 
“Sādhu sādhu, moggallāna. 
“Good, good, Moggallāna! 
Sāriputto hi, moggallāna, cittaṁ vasaṁ vatteti no ca sāriputto cittassa vasena vattati. 
For Sāriputta masters his mind and is not mastered by it …” 

Atha kho āyasmato mahāmoggallānassa etadahosi:  He thought, 
Addasā kho sakko devānamindo āyasmantaṁ mahāmoggallānaṁ dūratova āgacchantaṁ. 
Seeing Mahāmoggallāna coming off in the distance, 
Disvāna tāni dibbāni pañca tūriyasatāni paṭippaṇāmetvā yenāyasmā mahāmoggallāno tenupasaṅkami; upasaṅkamitvā āyasmantaṁ mahāmoggallānaṁ etadavoca: 
he dismissed the orchestra, approached Mahāmoggallāna, and said, 
“ehi kho, mārisa moggallāna, svāgataṁ, mārisa moggallāna. 
“Come, my good Moggallāna! Welcome, good sir! 
Cirassaṁ kho, mārisa moggallāna, imaṁ pariyāyaṁ akāsi yadidaṁ idhāgamanāya. 
It’s been a long time since you took the opportunity to come here. 
Nisīda, mārisa moggallāna, idamāsanaṁ paññattan”ti. 
Sit, my good Moggallāna, this seat is for you.” 
“Mayaṁ kho, mārisa moggallāna, bahukiccā bahukaraṇīyā— 
“My good Moggallāna, I have many duties, and much to do, 
Api ca, mārisa moggallāna, sussutaṁyeva hoti suggahitaṁ sumanasikataṁ sūpadhāritaṁ, yaṁ no khippameva antaradhāyati. 
Still, what is properly heard, learned, attended, and memorized does not vanish all of a sudden. 
Bhūtapubbaṁ, mārisa moggallāna, devāsurasaṅgāmo samupabyūḷho ahosi. 
Once upon a time, a battle was fought between the gods and the titans. 
Tasmiṁ kho pana, mārisa moggallāna, saṅgāme devā jiniṁsu, asurā parājiniṁsu. 
In that battle the gods won and the titans lost. 
So kho ahaṁ, mārisa moggallāna, taṁ saṅgāmaṁ abhivijinitvā vijitasaṅgāmo tato paṭinivattitvā vejayantaṁ nāma pāsādaṁ māpesiṁ. 
When I returned from that battle as a conqueror, I created the Palace of Victory. 
Vejayantassa kho, mārisa moggallāna, pāsādassa ekasataṁ niyyūhaṁ. 
The Palace of Victory has a hundred towers. 
Iccheyyāsi no tvaṁ, mārisa moggallāna, vejayantassa pāsādassa rāmaṇeyyakaṁ daṭṭhun”ti? 
Would you like to see the lovely Palace of Victory?” 
Atha kho sakko ca devānamindo vessavaṇo ca mahārājā āyasmantaṁ mahāmoggallānaṁ purakkhatvā yena vejayanto pāsādo tenupasaṅkamiṁsu. 
Then, putting Venerable Mahāmoggallāna in front, Sakka, lord of gods, and Vessavaṇa, the Great King, went to the Palace of Victory. 
Addasaṁsu kho sakkassa devānamindassa paricārikāyo āyasmantaṁ mahāmoggallānaṁ dūratova āgacchantaṁ; 
When they saw Moggallāna coming off in the distance, Sakka’s maids, 
evameva sakkassa devānamindassa paricārikāyo āyasmantaṁ mahāmoggallānaṁ disvā ottappamānā hirīyamānā sakaṁ sakaṁ ovarakaṁ pavisiṁsu. 
 
Atha kho sakko ca devānamindo vessavaṇo ca mahārājā āyasmantaṁ mahāmoggallānaṁ vejayante pāsāde anucaṅkamāpenti anuvicarāpenti: 
Then Sakka and Vessavaṇa encouraged Moggallāna to wander and explore the palace, saying, 
“idampi, mārisa moggallāna, passa vejayantassa pāsādassa rāmaṇeyyakaṁ; 
“See, in the palace, my good Moggallāna, this lovely thing! 
idampi, mārisa moggallāna, passa vejayantassa pāsādassa rāmaṇeyyakan”ti. 
And that lovely thing!” 
Atha kho āyasmato mahāmoggallānassa etadahosi: 
Then Moggallāna thought, 
“Idhāhaṁ, mārisa moggallāna, yena bhagavā tenupasaṅkamiṁ; upasaṅkamitvā bhagavantaṁ abhivādetvā ekamantaṁ aṭṭhāsiṁ. Ekamantaṁ ṭhito kho ahaṁ, mārisa moggallāna, bhagavantaṁ etadavocaṁ: 
“My dear Moggallāna, I approached the Buddha, bowed, stood to one side, and said to him, 
Evaṁ vutte, mārisa moggallāna, bhagavā maṁ etadavoca: 
When I had spoken the Buddha said to me: 
Evaṁ kho me, mārisa moggallāna, bhagavā saṅkhittena taṇhāsaṅkhayavimuttiṁ abhāsī”ti. 
That’s how the Buddha briefly explained freedom through the ending of craving to me.” 
“Abhijānāmahaṁ, moggallāna, idha sakko devānamindo yenāhaṁ tenupasaṅkami; upasaṅkamitvā maṁ abhivādetvā ekamantaṁ aṭṭhāsi. Ekamantaṁ ṭhito kho, moggallāna, sakko devānamindo maṁ etadavoca: 
“I do, Moggallāna.” And the Buddha retold all that happened when Sakka came to visit him, adding: 
Evaṁ vutte, ahaṁ, moggallāna, sakkaṁ devānamindaṁ etadavocaṁ 
 
Evaṁ kho ahaṁ, moggallāna, abhijānāmi sakkassa devānamindassa saṅkhittena taṇhāsaṅkhayavimuttiṁ bhāsitā”ti. 
“That’s how I recall briefly explaining freedom through the ending of craving to Sakka, lord of gods.” 

Tena kho pana samayena māro pāpimā āyasmato mahāmoggallānassa kucchigato hoti koṭṭhamanupaviṭṭho.  Now at that time Māra the Wicked had got inside Moggallāna’s belly. 
Atha kho āyasmato mahāmoggallānassa etadahosi: 
Moggallāna thought, 
Atha kho māro pāpimā āyasmato mahāmoggallānassa mukhato uggantvā paccaggaḷe aṭṭhāsi. 
Then Māra came up out of Moggallāna’s mouth and stood against the door. 

Tena kho pana samayena sāriputtamoggallānappamukhāni pañcamattāni bhikkhusatāni cātumaṁ anuppattāni honti bhagavantaṁ dassanāya.  Now at that time five hundred mendicants headed by Sāriputta and Moggallāna arrived at Cātumā to see the Buddha. 
“Etāni, bhante, sāriputtamoggallānappamukhāni pañcamattāni bhikkhusatāni cātumaṁ anuppattāni bhagavantaṁ dassanāya. 
And Ānanda told him what had happened. 
“Imāni, bhante, sāriputtamoggallānappamukhāni pañcamattāni bhikkhusatāni cātumaṁ anuppattāni bhagavantaṁ dassanāya. 
And they told him what had happened. 
“Evamāvuso”ti kho te bhikkhū āyasmato mahāmoggallānassa paṭissutvā uṭṭhāyāsanā pattacīvaramādāya yena bhagavā tenupasaṅkamiṁsu; upasaṅkamitvā bhagavantaṁ abhivādetvā ekamantaṁ nisīdiṁsu. Ekamantaṁ nisinnaṁ kho āyasmantaṁ sāriputtaṁ bhagavā etadavoca: 
“Yes, reverend,” replied those mendicants. Then they rose from their seats and, taking their bowls and robes, went to the Buddha, bowed, and sat down to one side. The Buddha said to Venerable Sāriputta, 
Atha kho bhagavā āyasmantaṁ mahāmoggallānaṁ āmantesi: 
Then the Buddha addressed Venerable Mahāmoggallāna, 
“kinti te, moggallāna, ahosi mayā bhikkhusaṅghe paṇāmite”ti? 
“Moggallāna, what did you think when the mendicant Saṅgha was dismissed by me?” 
“Sādhu sādhu, moggallāna. 
“Good, good, Moggallāna! 
Ahaṁ vā hi, moggallāna, bhikkhusaṅghaṁ parihareyyaṁ sāriputtamoggallānā vā”ti. 
For either I should lead the mendicant Saṅgha, or else Sāriputta and Moggallāna.” 

“Āraññikenāpi kho, āvuso moggallāna, bhikkhunā ime dhammā samādāya vattitabbā pageva gāmantavihārinā”ti.  “Reverend Moggallāna, these things should be undertaken and followed by wilderness monks, and still more by those who live within a village.” 

Gaṇakamoggallānasutta  With Moggallāna the Accountant 
Gaṇakamoggallānasuttaṁ niṭṭhitaṁ sattamaṁ. 

Gopakamoggallānasutta  With Moggallāna the Guardian 
Yannūnāhaṁ yena gopakamoggallānassa brāhmaṇassa kammanto, yena gopakamoggallāno brāhmaṇo tenupasaṅkameyyan”ti. 
Why don’t I go to see the brahmin Moggallāna the Guardian at his place of work?” 
Atha kho āyasmā ānando yena gopakamoggallānassa brāhmaṇassa kammanto, yena gopakamoggallāno brāhmaṇo tenupasaṅkami. 
So that’s what he did. 
Atha kho vassakāro brāhmaṇo magadhamahāmatto rājagahe kammante anusaññāyamāno yena gopakamoggallānassa brāhmaṇassa kammanto, yenāyasmā ānando tenupasaṅkami; upasaṅkamitvā āyasmatā ānandena saddhiṁ sammodi. 
For just then the brahmin Vassakāra, a minister of Magadha, while supervising the work at Rājagaha, approached Ānanda at Moggallāna’s place of work and exchanged greetings with him. 
Evaṁ vutte, ahaṁ, brāhmaṇa, gopakamoggallānaṁ brāhmaṇaṁ etadavocaṁ: 
 
Gopakamoggallānasuttaṁ niṭṭhitaṁ aṭṭhamaṁ. 

(yathā gaṇakamoggallānasuttante, evaṁ vitthāretabbāni.)  (Tell in full as in MN 107, the Discourse with Moggallāna the Accountant.) 

Atha kho āyasmato mahāmoggallānassa etadahosi:  Then Venerable Mahāmoggallāna thought, 
“ehi tvaṁ, mārisa, yenāyasmā mahāmoggallāno tenupasaṅkama; upasaṅkamitvā āyasmantaṁ mahāmoggallānaṁ evaṁ vadehi: 
“Please, good sir, go up to Venerable Mahāmoggallāna and say to him: 
‘atthi nu kho, mārisa moggallāna, aññepi tassa bhagavato sāvakā evaṁmahiddhikā evaṁmahānubhāvā; 
‘Moggallāna my good sir, are there any other disciples of the Buddha who have power and might 
“Evaṁ, mārisā”ti kho so brahmapārisajjo tassa brahmuno paṭissutvā yenāyasmā mahāmoggallāno tenupasaṅkami; upasaṅkamitvā āyasmantaṁ mahāmoggallānaṁ etadavoca: 
“Yes, good sir,” replied that retinue member. He went to Moggallāna and asked as instructed. 
“atthi nu kho, mārisa moggallāna, aññepi tassa bhagavato sāvakā evaṁmahiddhikā evaṁmahānubhāvā; 
 
Atha kho so brahmapārisajjo āyasmato mahāmoggallānassa bhāsitaṁ abhinanditvā anumoditvā yena so brahmā tenupasaṅkami; upasaṅkamitvā taṁ brahmānaṁ etadavoca: 
Then that member of the retinue of Divinity, having approved and agreed with what Mahāmoggallāna said, went to that Divinity and said to him, 

Moggallānasutta  With Moggallāna 
Yannūnāhaṁ āyasmantaṁ mahāmoggallānaṁ bhagavato sammukhā sāruppāhi gāthāhi abhitthaveyyan”ti. 
Why don’t I extoll him in the Buddha’s presence with fitting verses?” 
Atha kho āyasmā vaṅgīso āyasmantaṁ mahāmoggallānaṁ bhagavato sammukhā sāruppāhi gāthāhi abhitthavi: 
Then Vaṅgīsa extolled Mahāmoggallāna in his presence with fitting verses: 

Passatha no tumhe, bhikkhave, moggallānaṁ sambahulehi bhikkhūhi saddhiṁ caṅkamantan”ti?  Do you see Moggallāna walking together with several mendicants?” 

Mayhaṁ kho pana, bhikkhave, sāriputtamoggallānaṁ nāma sāvakayugaṁ aggaṁ bhaddayugaṁ.  I have a fine pair of chief disciples named Sāriputta and Moggallāna. 

“Evamāvuso”ti kho āyasmā lakkhaṇo āyasmato mahāmoggallānassa paccassosi.  “Yes, reverend,” Lakkhaṇa replied. 
Atha kho āyasmā lakkhaṇo āyasmantaṁ mahāmoggallānaṁ etadavoca: 
So Lakkhaṇa said to Mahāmoggallāna, 
“ko nu kho, āvuso moggallāna, hetu ko paccayo sitassa pātukammāyā”ti? 
“What is the cause, Reverend Moggallāna, what is the reason you smiled?” 
Atha kho āyasmā ca lakkhaṇo āyasmā ca mahāmoggallāno rājagahe piṇḍāya caritvā pacchābhattaṁ piṇḍapātapaṭikkantā yena bhagavā tenupasaṅkamiṁsu; upasaṅkamitvā bhagavantaṁ abhivādetvā ekamantaṁ nisīdiṁsu. Ekamantaṁ nisinno kho āyasmā lakkhaṇo āyasmantaṁ mahāmoggallānaṁ etadavoca: 
Then Lakkhaṇa and Mahāmoggallāna wandered for alms in Rājagaha. After the meal, on their return from almsround, they went to the Buddha, bowed, and sat down to one side. Lakkhaṇa said to Mahāmoggallāna: 
Ko nu kho, āvuso moggallāna, hetu ko paccayo sitassa pātukammāyā”ti? 
What is the cause, Reverend Moggallāna, what is the reason you smiled?” 

Kolitasutta  With Kolita 
Kolitasutta → moggallānasuttaṁ (bj) 
“Āvuso”ti kho te bhikkhū āyasmato mahāmoggallānassa paccassosuṁ. 
“Reverend,” they replied. 
‘moggallāna moggallāna, mā, brāhmaṇa, ariyaṁ tuṇhībhāvaṁ pamādo, ariye tuṇhībhāve cittaṁ saṇṭhapehi, ariye tuṇhībhāve cittaṁ ekodibhāvaṁ karohi, ariye tuṇhībhāve cittaṁ samādahā’ti. 
‘Moggallāna, Moggallāna! Don’t neglect noble silence, brahmin! Settle your mind in noble silence; unify your mind and bring it to immersion in noble silence.’ 

Sammodanīyaṁ kathaṁ sāraṇīyaṁ vītisāretvā ekamantaṁ nisīdi. Ekamantaṁ nisinno kho āyasmā sāriputto āyasmantaṁ mahāmoggallānaṁ etadavoca:  When the greetings and polite conversation were over, Sāriputta sat down to one side, and said to Mahāmoggallāna: 
“Vippasannāni kho te, āvuso moggallāna, indriyāni; 
“Reverend Moggallāna, your faculties are so very clear, and your complexion is pure and bright. 
“Kena saddhiṁ panāyasmato mahāmoggallānassa ahosi dhammī kathā”ti? 
“Who did you have a Dhamma talk with?” 
udāhu bhagavā āyasmantaṁ mahāmoggallānaṁ iddhiyā upasaṅkamī”ti? 
or did he come to you?” 
“Yathākathaṁ panāyasmato mahāmoggallānassa bhagavatā saddhiṁ ahosi dhammī kathā”ti? 
“But what manner of Dhamma talk did you have together?” 
‘idha, moggallāna, bhikkhu āraddhavīriyo viharati— 
‘Moggallāna, it’s when a mendicant lives with energy roused up: 
Evaṁ kho, moggallāna, āraddhavīriyo hotī’ti. 
That’s how a person is energetic.’ 
evameva kho mayaṁ āyasmato mahāmoggallānassa yāvadeva upanikkhepanamattāya. 
 

Atha kho bhagavā acirapakkantesu kāpilavatthavesu sakyesu āyasmantaṁ mahāmoggallānaṁ āmantesi:  And then, soon after the Sakyans had left, the Buddha addressed Venerable Mahāmoggallāna, 
“vigatathinamiddho kho, moggallāna, bhikkhusaṅgho. 
“Moggallāna, the Saṅgha of mendicants is rid of dullness and drowsiness. 
Paṭibhātu taṁ, moggallāna, bhikkhūnaṁ dhammī kathā. 
Give them some Dhamma talk as you feel inspired. 
“Āvuso”ti kho te bhikkhū āyasmato mahāmoggallānassa paccassosuṁ. 
“Reverend,” they replied. 
“Evamāvuso”ti kho te bhikkhū āyasmato mahāmoggallānassa paccassosuṁ. 
“Yes, reverend,” they replied. 
Atha kho bhagavā uṭṭhahitvā āyasmantaṁ mahāmoggallānaṁ āmantesi: 
Then the Buddha got up and said to Venerable Mahāmoggallāna: 
“sādhu sādhu, moggallāna. 
“Good, good, Moggallāna! 
Sādhu kho tvaṁ, moggallāna, bhikkhūnaṁ avassutapariyāyañca anavassutapariyāyañca abhāsī”ti. 
It’s good that you’ve taught this explanation of the festering and the not festering.” 
Attamanā te bhikkhū āyasmato mahāmoggallānassa bhāsitaṁ abhinandunti. 
Satisfied, the mendicants approved what Mahāmoggallāna said. 

1. Moggallānavagga  1. By Moggallāna 
“Āvuso”ti kho te bhikkhū āyasmato mahāmoggallānassa paccassosuṁ. 
“Reverend,” they replied. 
‘moggallāna, moggallāna. 
‘Moggallāna, Moggallāna! 

1. Moggallānavagga  1. By Moggallāna 
‘moggallāna, moggallāna. 
‘Moggallāna, Moggallāna! 

1. Moggallānavagga  1. By Moggallāna 
‘moggallāna, moggallāna. 
‘Moggallāna, Moggallāna! 

1. Moggallānavagga  1. By Moggallāna 
‘moggallāna, moggallāna. 
‘Moggallāna, Moggallāna! 

1. Moggallānavagga  1. By Moggallāna 
‘moggallāna, moggallāna. 
‘Moggallāna, Moggallāna! 

1. Moggallānavagga  1. By Moggallāna 
‘moggallāna, moggallāna. 
‘Moggallāna, Moggallāna! 

1. Moggallānavagga  1. By Moggallāna 
‘moggallāna, moggallāna. 
‘Moggallāna, Moggallāna! 

1. Moggallānavagga  1. By Moggallāna 
‘moggallāna, moggallāna. 
‘Moggallāna, Moggallāna! 

1. Moggallānavagga  1. By Moggallāna 
‘moggallāna, moggallāna. 
‘Moggallāna, Moggallāna! 

1. Moggallānavagga  1. By Moggallāna 
Atha kho sakko devānamindo pañcahi devatāsatehi saddhiṁ yenāyasmā mahāmoggallāno tenupasaṅkami; upasaṅkamitvā āyasmantaṁ mahāmoggallānaṁ abhivādetvā ekamantaṁ aṭṭhāsi. Ekamantaṁ ṭhitaṁ kho sakkaṁ devānamindaṁ āyasmā mahāmoggallāno etadavoca: 
Then Sakka, lord of gods, with five hundred deities came up to Mahāmoggallāna, bowed, and stood to one side. Mahāmoggallāna said to him: 
“Sādhu kho, mārisa moggallāna, buddhasaraṇagamanaṁ hoti. 
“My good Moggallāna, it’s good to go for refuge to the Buddha … 
Buddhasaraṇagamanahetu kho, mārisa moggallāna, evam’idhekacce sattā kāyassa bhedā paraṁ maraṇā sugatiṁ saggaṁ lokaṁ upapajjanti. 
Sādhu kho, mārisa moggallāna, dhammasaraṇagamanaṁ hoti. 
the teaching … 
Dhammasaraṇagamanahetu kho, mārisa moggallāna, evam’idhekacce sattā kāyassa bhedā paraṁ maraṇā sugatiṁ saggaṁ lokaṁ upapajjanti. 
Sādhu kho, mārisa moggallāna, saṅgha …pe… 
the Saṅgha. 
atha kho sakko devānamindo asītiyā devatāsahassehi saddhiṁ yenāyasmā mahāmoggallāno tenupasaṅkami; upasaṅkamitvā āyasmantaṁ mahāmoggallānaṁ abhivādetvā ekamantaṁ aṭṭhāsi. Ekamantaṁ ṭhitaṁ kho sakkaṁ devānamindaṁ āyasmā mahāmoggallāno etadavoca: 
Then Sakka, lord of gods, with eighty thousand deities … 
“Sādhu kho, mārisa moggallāna, buddhasaraṇagamanaṁ hoti. 
Buddhasaraṇagamanahetu kho, mārisa moggallāna, evam’idhekacce sattā kāyassa bhedā paraṁ maraṇā sugatiṁ saggaṁ lokaṁ upapajjanti. 
Sādhu kho, mārisa moggallāna, dhammasaraṇagamanaṁ hoti …pe… 
sādhu kho, mārisa moggallāna, saṅghasaraṇagamanaṁ hoti. 
Saṅghasaraṇagamanahetu kho, mārisa moggallāna, evam’idhekacce sattā kāyassa bhedā paraṁ maraṇā sugatiṁ saggaṁ lokaṁ upapajjantī”ti. 
Atha kho sakko devānamindo pañcahi devatāsatehi saddhiṁ yenāyasmā mahāmoggallāno tenupasaṅkami; upasaṅkamitvā āyasmantaṁ mahāmoggallānaṁ abhivādetvā ekamantaṁ aṭṭhāsi. Ekamantaṁ ṭhitaṁ kho sakkaṁ devānamindaṁ āyasmā mahāmoggallāno etadavoca: 
Then Sakka, lord of gods, with five hundred deities came up to Mahāmoggallāna, bowed, and stood to one side. Mahāmoggallāna said to him: 
“Sādhu kho, mārisa moggallāna, buddhe aveccappasādena samannāgamanaṁ hoti: 
“My good Moggallāna, it’s good to have experiential confidence in the Buddha … 
Buddhe aveccappasādena samannāgamanahetu kho, mārisa moggallāna, evam’idhekacce sattā kāyassa bhedā paraṁ maraṇā sugatiṁ saggaṁ lokaṁ upapajjanti. 
Sādhu kho, mārisa moggallāna, dhamme aveccappasādena samannāgamanaṁ hoti: 
the teaching … 
Dhamme aveccappasādena samannāgamanahetu kho, mārisa moggallāna, evam’idhekacce sattā kāyassa bhedā paraṁ maraṇā sugatiṁ saggaṁ lokaṁ upapajjanti. 
Sādhu kho, mārisa moggallāna, saṅghe aveccappasādena samannāgamanaṁ hoti: 
the Saṅgha … 
Saṅghe aveccappasādena samannāgamanahetu kho, mārisa moggallāna, evam’idhekacce sattā kāyassa bhedā paraṁ maraṇā sugatiṁ saggaṁ lokaṁ upapajjanti. 
Sādhu kho, mārisa moggallāna, ariyakantehi sīlehi samannāgamanaṁ hoti akhaṇḍehi …pe… samādhisaṁvattanikehi. 
and to have the ethical conduct that’s loved by the noble ones … 
Ariyakantehi sīlehi samannāgamanahetu kho, mārisa moggallāna, evam’idhekacce sattā kāyassa bhedā paraṁ maraṇā sugatiṁ saggaṁ lokaṁ upapajjantī”ti. 
It’s the reason why some sentient beings, when their body breaks up, after death, are reborn in a good place, a heavenly realm.” 
Atha kho sakko devānamindo asītiyā devatāsahassehi saddhiṁ yenāyasmā mahāmoggallāno tenupasaṅkami; upasaṅkamitvā āyasmantaṁ mahāmoggallānaṁ abhivādetvā ekamantaṁ aṭṭhāsi. Ekamantaṁ ṭhitaṁ kho sakkaṁ devānamindaṁ āyasmā mahāmoggallāno etadavoca: 
Then Sakka, lord of gods, with eighty thousand deities … 
“Sādhu kho, mārisa moggallāna, buddhe aveccappasādena samannāgamanaṁ hoti: 
Buddhe aveccappasādena samannāgamanahetu kho, mārisa moggallāna, evam’idhekacce sattā kāyassa bhedā paraṁ maraṇā sugatiṁ saggaṁ lokaṁ upapajjanti. 
Sādhu kho, mārisa moggallāna, dhamme aveccappasādena samannāgamanaṁ hoti: 
Dhamme aveccappasādena samannāgamanahetu kho, mārisa moggallāna, evam’idhekacce sattā kāyassa bhedā paraṁ maraṇā sugatiṁ saggaṁ lokaṁ upapajjanti. 
Sādhu kho, mārisa moggallāna, saṅghe aveccappasādena samannāgamanaṁ hoti: 
Saṅghe aveccappasādena samannāgamanahetu kho, mārisa moggallāna, evam’idhekacce sattā kāyassa bhedā paraṁ maraṇā sugatiṁ saggaṁ lokaṁ upapajjanti. 
Sādhu kho, mārisa moggallāna, ariyakantehi sīlehi samannāgamanaṁ hoti akhaṇḍehi …pe… samādhisaṁvattanikehi. 
Ariyakantehi sīlehi samannāgamanahetu kho, mārisa moggallāna, evam’idhekacce sattā kāyassa bhedā paraṁ maraṇā sugatiṁ saggaṁ lokaṁ upapajjantī”ti. 
“Sādhu kho, mārisa moggallāna, buddhasaraṇagamanaṁ hoti. 
“My good Moggallāna, it’s good to go for refuge to the Buddha …” 
Buddhasaraṇagamanahetu kho, mārisa moggallāna, evam’idhekacce sattā kāyassa bhedā paraṁ maraṇā sugatiṁ saggaṁ lokaṁ upapajjanti. 
Sādhu kho, mārisa moggallāna, dhammasaraṇagamanaṁ hoti …pe…. 
Sādhu kho, mārisa moggallāna, saṅghasaraṇagamanaṁ hoti. 
Saṅghasaraṇagamanahetu kho, mārisa moggallāna, evam’idhekacce sattā kāyassa bhedā paraṁ maraṇā sugatiṁ saggaṁ lokaṁ upapajjanti. 
atha kho sakko devānamindo asītiyā devatāsahassehi saddhiṁ yenāyasmā mahāmoggallāno tenupasaṅkami; upasaṅkamitvā āyasmantaṁ mahāmoggallānaṁ abhivādetvā ekamantaṁ aṭṭhāsi. Ekamantaṁ ṭhitaṁ kho sakkaṁ devānamindaṁ āyasmā mahāmoggallāno etadavoca: 
Then Sakka, lord of gods, with eighty thousand deities … 
“Sādhu kho, mārisa moggallāna, buddhasaraṇagamanaṁ hoti …pe… 
sādhu kho, mārisa moggallāna, dhammasaraṇagamanaṁ hoti …pe… 
sādhu kho, mārisa moggallāna, saṅghasaraṇagamanaṁ hoti. 
Saṅghasaraṇagamanahetu kho, mārisa moggallāna, evam’idhekacce sattā kāyassa bhedā paraṁ maraṇā sugatiṁ saggaṁ lokaṁ upapajjanti. 
Atha kho sakko devānamindo pañcahi devatāsatehi saddhiṁ yenāyasmā mahāmoggallāno tenupasaṅkami; upasaṅkamitvā āyasmantaṁ mahāmoggallānaṁ abhivādetvā ekamantaṁ aṭṭhāsi. Ekamantaṁ ṭhitaṁ kho sakkaṁ devānamindaṁ āyasmā mahāmoggallāno etadavoca: 
Then Sakka, lord of gods, with five hundred deities came up to Mahāmoggallāna, bowed, and stood to one side. Mahāmoggallāna said to him: 
“Sādhu kho, mārisa moggallāna, buddhe aveccappasādena samannāgamanaṁ hoti: 
“My good Moggallāna, it’s good to have experiential confidence in the Buddha …” 
Buddhe aveccappasādena samannāgamanahetu kho, mārisa moggallāna, evam’idhekacce sattā kāyassa bhedā paraṁ maraṇā sugatiṁ saggaṁ lokaṁ upapajjanti. 
Sādhu kho, mārisa moggallāna, dhamme aveccappasādena samannāgamanaṁ hoti: 
Dhamme aveccappasādena samannāgamanahetu kho, mārisa moggallāna, evam’idhekacce sattā kāyassa bhedā paraṁ maraṇā sugatiṁ saggaṁ lokaṁ upapajjanti. 
Sādhu kho, mārisa moggallāna, saṅghe aveccappasādena samannāgamanaṁ hoti: 
Saṅghe aveccappasādena samannāgamanahetu kho, mārisa moggallāna, evam’idhekacce sattā kāyassa bhedā paraṁ maraṇā sugatiṁ saggaṁ lokaṁ upapajjanti …pe…. 
Sādhu kho, mārisa moggallāna, ariyakantehi sīlehi samannāgamanaṁ hoti akhaṇḍehi …pe… samādhisaṁvattanikehi. 
Ariyakantehi sīlehi samannāgamanahetu kho, mārisa moggallāna, evam’idhekacce sattā kāyassa bhedā paraṁ maraṇā sugatiṁ saggaṁ lokaṁ upapajjanti. 
atha kho sakko devānamindo asītiyā devatāsahassehi saddhiṁ yenāyasmā mahāmoggallāno tenupasaṅkami; upasaṅkamitvā āyasmantaṁ mahāmoggallānaṁ abhivādetvā ekamantaṁ aṭṭhāsi. Ekamantaṁ ṭhitaṁ kho sakkaṁ devānamindaṁ āyasmā mahāmoggallāno etadavoca: 
Then Sakka, lord of gods, with eighty thousand deities … 
“Sādhu kho, mārisa moggallāna, buddhe aveccappasādena samannāgamanaṁ hoti: 
Buddhe aveccappasādena samannāgamanahetu kho, mārisa moggallāna, evam’idhekacce sattā kāyassa bhedā paraṁ maraṇā sugatiṁ saggaṁ lokaṁ upapajjanti. 
Sādhu kho, mārisa moggallāna, dhamme aveccappasādena samannāgamanaṁ hoti: 
Dhamme aveccappasādena samannāgamanahetu kho, mārisa moggallāna, evam’idhekacce sattā kāyassa bhedā paraṁ maraṇā sugatiṁ saggaṁ lokaṁ upapajjanti. 
Sādhu kho, mārisa moggallāna, saṅghe aveccappasādena samannāgamanaṁ hoti: 
Saṅghe aveccappasādena samannāgamanahetu kho, mārisa moggallāna, evam’idhekacce sattā kāyassa bhedā paraṁ maraṇā sugatiṁ saggaṁ lokaṁ upapajjanti. 
Sādhu kho, mārisa moggallāna, ariyakantehi sīlehi samannāgamanaṁ hoti akhaṇḍehi …pe… samādhisaṁvattanikehi. 
Ariyakantehi sīlehi samannāgamanahetu kho, mārisa moggallāna, evam’idhekacce sattā kāyassa bhedā paraṁ maraṇā sugatiṁ saggaṁ lokaṁ upapajjanti. 

1. Moggallānavagga  1. By Moggallāna 
Moggallānavaggo paṭhamo. 
 
Moggallānasaṁyuttaṁ samattaṁ. 
The Linked Discourses on Moggallāna are complete. 

Moggallānasutta  With Moggallāna 
Moggallānasutta → āyatanasuttaṁ (bj); moggalāno (or āyatana) (pts1ed) 
Sammodanīyaṁ kathaṁ sāraṇīyaṁ vītisāretvā ekamantaṁ nisīdi. Ekamantaṁ nisinno kho vacchagotto paribbājako āyasmantaṁ mahāmoggallānaṁ etadavoca: 
When the greetings and polite conversation were over, he sat down to one side, and said to Mahāmoggallāna: 
“Kiṁ nu kho, bho moggallāna, sassato loko”ti? 
“Mister Moggallāna, is this right: ‘the cosmos is eternal’?” 
“Kiṁ pana, bho moggallāna, asassato loko”ti? 
“Then is this right: ‘the cosmos is not eternal’ … 
“Kiṁ nu kho, bho moggallāna, antavā loko”ti? 
‘the cosmos is finite’ … 
“Kiṁ pana, bho moggallāna, anantavā loko”ti? 
‘the cosmos is infinite’ … 
“Kiṁ nu kho, bho moggallāna, taṁ jīvaṁ taṁ sarīran”ti? 
‘the soul and the body are identical’ … 
“Kiṁ pana, bho moggallāna, aññaṁ jīvaṁ aññaṁ sarīran”ti? 
‘the soul and the body are different things’ … 
“Kiṁ nu kho, bho moggallāna, hoti tathāgato paraṁ maraṇā”ti? 
‘a realized one still exists after death’ … 
“Kiṁ pana, bho moggallāna, na hoti tathāgato paraṁ maraṇā”ti? 
‘a realized one no longer exists after death’ … 
“Kiṁ nu kho, bho moggallāna, hoti ca na ca hoti tathāgato paraṁ maraṇā”ti? 
‘a realized one both still exists and no longer exists after death’ … 
“Kiṁ pana, bho moggallāna, neva hoti na na hoti tathāgato paraṁ maraṇā”ti? 
‘a realized one neither still exists nor no longer exists after death’?” 
“Ko nu kho, bho moggallāna, hetu ko paccayo, yena aññatitthiyānaṁ paribbājakānaṁ evaṁ puṭṭhānaṁ evaṁ veyyākaraṇaṁ hoti— 
“What’s the cause, Mister Moggallāna, what’s the reason why, when the wanderers of other religions are asked these questions, they declare one of these to be true? 
Ko pana, bho moggallāna, hetu ko paccayo, yena samaṇassa gotamassa evaṁ puṭṭhassa na evaṁ veyyākaraṇaṁ hoti— 
And what’s the reason why, when the ascetic Gotama is asked these questions, he does not declare one of these to be true?” 
Idānāhaṁ, bho gotama, samaṇaṁ mahāmoggallānaṁ upasaṅkamitvā etamatthaṁ apucchiṁ. 
Just now I went to the ascetic Mahāmoggallāna and asked him about this matter. 

Sammodanīyaṁ kathaṁ sāraṇīyaṁ vītisāretvā ekamantaṁ nisīdi. Ekamantaṁ nisinno kho vacchagotto paribbājako āyasmantaṁ mahāmoggallānaṁ etadavoca:  When the greetings and polite conversation were over, he sat down to one side. He asked Mahāmoggallāna the same questions, and received the same answers. 
“kiṁ nu kho, bho moggallāna, sassato loko”ti? 
 
“Kiṁ pana, bho moggallāna, ‘neva hoti na na hoti tathāgato paraṁ maraṇā’”ti? 
 
“Ko nu kho, bho moggallāna, hetu, ko paccayo, yena aññatitthiyānaṁ paribbājakānaṁ evaṁ puṭṭhānaṁ evaṁ veyyākaraṇaṁ hoti: 
 
Ko pana, bho moggallāna, hetu, ko paccayo yena samaṇassa gotamassa evaṁ puṭṭhassa na evaṁ veyyākaraṇaṁ hoti: 
 
“Acchariyaṁ, bho moggallāna, abbhutaṁ, bho moggallāna. 
He said, “It’s incredible, Mister Moggallāna, it’s amazing. 
Idānāhaṁ, bho moggallāna, samaṇaṁ gotamaṁ upasaṅkamitvā etamatthaṁ apucchiṁ. 
Just now I went to the ascetic Gotama and asked him about this matter. 
Acchariyaṁ, bho moggallāna, abbhutaṁ, bho moggallāna. 
It’s incredible, Mister Moggallāna, it’s amazing! 

Atha kho bhagavā sāyanhasamayaṁ paṭisallānā vuṭṭhito yenāyasmā mahāmoggallāno tenupasaṅkami; upasaṅkamitvā paññatte āsane nisīdi. Nisajja kho bhagavā āyasmantaṁ mahāmoggallānaṁ etadavoca:  Then in the late afternoon, the Buddha came out of retreat, went to Venerable Moggallāna, sat down on the seat spread out, and said to him: 
“Kacci te, moggallāna, khamanīyaṁ kacci yāpanīyaṁ? Kacci dukkhā vedanā paṭikkamanti, no abhikkamanti; paṭikkamosānaṁ paññāyati, no abhikkamo”ti? 
“I hope you’re keeping well, Moggallāna; I hope you’re all right. And I hope the pain is fading, not growing, that its fading is evident, not its growing.” 
“Sattime, moggallāna, bojjhaṅgā mayā sammadakkhātā bhāvitā bahulīkatā abhiññāya sambodhāya nibbānāya saṁvattanti. 
“Moggallāna, I’ve rightly explained these seven awakening factors. When developed and cultivated, they lead to direct knowledge, to awakening, and to extinguishment. 
Satisambojjhaṅgo kho, moggallāna, mayā sammadakkhāto bhāvito bahulīkato abhiññāya sambodhāya nibbānāya saṁvattati …pe… upekkhāsambojjhaṅgo kho, moggallāna, mayā sammadakkhāto bhāvito bahulīkato abhiññāya sambodhāya nibbānāya saṁvattati. 
The awakening factors of mindfulness, investigation of principles, energy, rapture, tranquility, immersion, and equanimity. 
Ime kho, moggallāna, satta bojjhaṅgā mayā sammadakkhātā bhāvitā bahulīkatā abhiññāya sambodhāya nibbānāya saṁvattantī”ti. 
These are the seven awakening factors that I’ve rightly explained. When developed and cultivated, they lead to direct knowledge, to awakening, and to extinguishment.” 
Tathāpahīno cāyasmato mahāmoggallānassa so ābādho ahosīti. 
" 

Moggallānasutta  With Moggallāna 
Moggallānasutta → moggalāno (pts1ed) 
Atha kho bhagavā āyasmantaṁ mahāmoggallānaṁ āmantesi: 
Then the Buddha addressed Venerable Mahāmoggallāna, 
mahāmoggallānaṁ → mahāmoggalānaṁ (pts1ed) 
“ete kho, moggallāna, sabrahmacārino heṭṭhāmigāramātupāsāde viharanti uddhatā unnaḷā capalā mukharā vikiṇṇavācā muṭṭhassatino asampajānā asamāhitā bhantacittā pākatindriyā. 
“These spiritual companions of yours staying beneath the longhouse are restless, insolent, fickle, scurrilous, loose-tongued, unmindful, lacking situational awareness and immersion, with wandering mind and undisciplined faculties. 
Gaccha, moggallāna, te bhikkhū saṁvejehī”ti. 
Go, Moggallāna, and strike awe in those mendicants!” 

Moggallānañca uṇṇābhaṁ;   

Moggallānasutta  About Moggallāna 
Moggallānasutta → moggalāno (pts1ed) 

Atha kho sambahulā tāvatiṁsakāyikā devatāyo yenāyasmā mahāmoggallāno tenupasaṅkamiṁsu; upasaṅkamitvā āyasmantaṁ mahāmoggallānaṁ abhivādetvā ekamantaṁ aṭṭhaṁsu. Ekamantaṁ ṭhitā kho tā devatāyo āyasmā mahāmoggallāno etadavoca:  Then several deities of the company of the thirty-three went up to Venerable Mahāmoggallāna, bowed, and stood to one side. Moggallāna said to them: 
“Sādhu kho, mārisa moggallāna, buddhe aveccappasādena samannāgamanaṁ hoti— 
“My good Moggallāna, it’s good to have experiential confidence in the Buddha … 
Buddhe aveccappasādena samannāgamanahetu kho, mārisa moggallāna, evam’idhekacce sattā kāyassa bhedā paraṁ maraṇā sugatiṁ saggaṁ lokaṁ upapajjanti. 
It’s the reason why some sentient beings, when their body breaks up, after death, are reborn in a good place, a heavenly realm. 
Sādhu kho, mārisa moggallāna, dhamme …pe… 
It’s good to have experiential confidence in the teaching. … 
Ariyakantehi sīlehi samannāgamanahetu kho, mārisa moggallāna, evam’idhekacce sattā kāyassa bhedā paraṁ maraṇā sugatiṁ saggaṁ lokaṁ upapajjantī”ti. 
It’s the reason why some sentient beings, when their body breaks up, after death, are reborn in a good place, a heavenly realm.” 

Atha kho sambahulā tāvatiṁsakāyikā devatāyo yenāyasmā mahāmoggallāno tenupasaṅkamiṁsu; upasaṅkamitvā āyasmantaṁ mahāmoggallānaṁ abhivādetvā ekamantaṁ aṭṭhaṁsu. Ekamantaṁ ṭhitā kho tā devatāyo āyasmā mahāmoggallāno etadavoca:  Then several deities of the company of the thirty-three went up to Venerable Mahāmoggallāna, bowed, and stood to one side. Moggallāna said to them: 
“Sādhu kho, mārisa moggallāna, buddhe aveccappasādena samannāgamanaṁ hoti— 
“My good Moggallāna, it’s good to have experiential confidence in the Buddha … 
Buddhe aveccappasādena samannāgamanahetu kho, mārisa moggallāna, evam’idhekacce sattā kāyassa bhedā paraṁ maraṇā sugatiṁ saggaṁ lokaṁ upapannā. 
It’s the reason why some sentient beings, when their body breaks up, after death, have been reborn in a good place, a heavenly realm. 
Sādhu kho, mārisa moggallāna, dhamme …pe… 
It’s good to have experiential confidence in the teaching. … 
Ariyakantehi sīlehi samannāgamanahetu kho, mārisa moggallāna, evam’idhekacce sattā kāyassa bhedā paraṁ maraṇā sugatiṁ saggaṁ lokaṁ upapannā”ti. 
It’s the reason why some sentient beings, when their body breaks up, after death, have been reborn in a good place, a heavenly realm.”