1"Bhikkhus, there are these four perils. What four? The peril of self-reproach, the peril of reproach by others, the peril of punishment, and the peril of a bad destination.

2(1) "And what, bhikkhus, is the peril of self-reproach? Here, someone reflects thus: ‘If I were to engage in bodily, verbal, or mental misconduct, wouldn’t I reprove myself because of my behavior?’ Afraid of the peril of self-reproach, he abandons bodily misconduct and develops bodily good conduct; he abandons verbal misconduct and develops verbal good conduct; he abandons mental misconduct and develops mental good conduct; he maintains himself in purity. This is called the peril of self-reproach.

3(2) "And what is the peril of reproach by others? Here, someone reflects thus: ‘If I were to engage in bodily, verbal, or mental misconduct, wouldn’t others reprove me because of my behavior?’ Afraid of the peril of reproach by others, he abandons bodily misconduct and develops bodily good conduct; he abandons verbal misconduct and develops verbal good conduct; he abandons mental misconduct and develops mental good conduct; he maintains himself in purity. This is called the peril of reproach by others.

4(3) "And what is the peril of punishment? [n.803] What follows is also at AN2.1. Here, someone sees that when kings arrest a thief who has committed a crime, they subject him to various punishments: they have him flogged with whips, beaten with canes, beaten with clubs; they have his hands cut off, his feet cut off, his hands and feet cut off; his ears cut off, his nose cut off, his ears and nose cut off; they have him subjected to the ‘porridge pot,’ to the ‘polished-shell shave,’ to the ‘Rāhu's mouth,’ to the ‘fiery wreath,’ to the ‘flaming hand,’ to the ‘blades of grass,’ to the ‘bark dress,’ to the ‘antelope,’ to the ‘meat hooks,’ to the ‘coins,’ to the ‘lye pickling,’ to the ‘pivoting pin,’ to the ‘rolled-up palliasse’; and they have him splashed with boiling oil, and they have him devoured by dogs, and they have him impaled alive on a stake, and they have his head cut off with a sword.

5"It occurs to him: ‘When kings have arrested a thief who has committed a crime, they subject him to various punishments because of such bad deeds: they have him flogged with whips … they have his head cut off with a sword. Now if I were to commit such an evil deed, and if kings were to arrest me, they would subject me to the same punishments. They would have me flogged with whips … they would have my head cut off with a sword.’ Afraid of the peril of punishment, he does not go about plundering the belongings of others. This is called the peril of punishment.

6(4) "And what is the peril of a bad destination? Here, someone reflects thus: ‘Bodily misconduct has bad results [n.804] What follows parallels the passage on "the fault pertaining to the future life" in AN2.1, but it describes this simply as "a bad result" (pāpako vipāko) where AN2.1 has "a bad, painful result" (pāpako dukkho vipāko). Since AN2.11 also lacks dukkho, it is possible dukkho was originally a commentator's gloss on pāpako that made its way into the text of AN2.1 itself. in future lives; verbal misconduct has bad results in future lives; mental misconduct has bad results in future lives. Now if I were to engage in misconduct with body, speech, and mind, then with the breakup of the body, after death, I would be reborn in the plane of misery, in a bad destination, in the lower world, in hell.’ Afraid of the peril of a bad destination, he abandons bodily misconduct and develops bodily good conduct; he abandons verbal misconduct and develops verbal good conduct; he abandons mental misconduct and develops mental good conduct; he maintains himself in purity. This is called the peril of a bad destination.

"These, bhikkhus, are the four perils." [n.805] Mp: "Among these perils, (1) for one who reflects on the peril in self-reproach, a sense of moral shame is established inwardly. This produces in him restraint in the three doors, and such restraint is the fourfold purified virtuous behavior. Based on this virtuous behavior, he develops insight and attains the highest fruit. (2) For one who reflects on the peril of reproach by others, moral dread is established with respect to the external. This produces in him restraint in the three doors, and such restraint is the fourfold purified virtuous behavior. Based on this virtuous behavior, he develops insight and attains the highest fruit. (4) For one who reflects on the peril of a bad destination, a sense of shame is established with respect to the external. This produces in him restraint in the three doors, and such restraint is the fourfold purified virtuous behavior. Based on this virtuous behavior, he develops insight and attains the highest fruit." The third case does not lead directly to the highest fruit but merely to abstinence from breaches of the five precepts.

1"Cattārimāni, bhikkhave, bhayāni. Katamāni cattāri? Attānuvādabhayaṁ, parānuvādabhayaṁ, daṇḍabhayaṁ, duggatibhayaṁ.

2Katamañca, bhikkhave, attānuvādabhayaṁ? Idha, bhikkhave, ekacco iti paṭisañcikkhati: ‘ahañceva kho pana kāyena duccaritaṁ careyyaṁ, vācāya duccaritaṁ careyyaṁ, manasā duccaritaṁ careyyaṁ, kiñca taṁ yaṁ maṁ attā sīlato na upavadeyyā’ti. So attānuvādabhayassa bhīto kāyaduccaritaṁ pahāya kāyasucaritaṁ bhāveti, vacīduccaritaṁ pahāya vacīsucaritaṁ bhāveti, manoduccaritaṁ pahāya manosucaritaṁ bhāveti, suddhaṁ attānaṁ pariharati. Idaṁ vuccati, bhikkhave, attānuvādabhayaṁ.

3Katamañca, bhikkhave, parānuvādabhayaṁ? Idha, bhikkhave, ekacco iti paṭisañcikkhati: ‘ahañceva kho pana kāyena duccaritaṁ careyyaṁ, vācāya duccaritaṁ careyyaṁ, manasā duccaritaṁ careyyaṁ, kiñca taṁ yaṁ maṁ pare sīlato na upavadeyyun’ti. So parānuvādabhayassa bhīto kāyaduccaritaṁ pahāya kāyasucaritaṁ bhāveti, vacīduccaritaṁ pahāya vacīsucaritaṁ bhāveti, manoduccaritaṁ pahāya manosucaritaṁ bhāveti, suddhaṁ attānaṁ pariharati. Idaṁ vuccati, bhikkhave, parānuvādabhayaṁ.

4Katamañca, bhikkhave, daṇḍabhayaṁ? Idha, bhikkhave, ekacco passati coraṁ āgucāriṁ, rājāno gahetvā vividhā kammakāraṇā kārente, kasāhipi tāḷente, vettehipi tāḷente, addhadaṇḍakehipi tāḷente, hatthampi chindante, pādampi chindante, hatthapādampi chindante, kaṇṇampi chindante, nāsampi chindante, kaṇṇanāsampi chindante, bilaṅgathālikampi karonte, saṅkhamuṇḍikampi karonte, rāhumukhampi karonte, jotimālikampi karonte, hatthapajjotikampi karonte, erakavattikampi karonte, cīrakavāsikampi karonte, eṇeyyakampi karonte, balisamaṁsikampi karonte, kahāpaṇakampi karonte, khārāpatacchikampi karonte, palighaparivattikampi karonte, palālapīṭhakampi karonte, tattenapi telena osiñcante, sunakhehipi khādāpente, jīvantampi sūle uttāsente, asināpi sīsaṁ chindante.

5Tassa evaṁ hoti: ‘yathārūpānaṁ kho pāpakānaṁ kammānaṁ hetu coraṁ āgucāriṁ rājāno gahetvā vividhā kammakāraṇā kārenti, kasāhipi tāḷenti … pe … asināpi sīsaṁ chindanti, ahañceva kho pana evarūpaṁ pāpakammaṁ kareyyaṁ, mampi rājāno gahetvā evarūpā vividhā kammakāraṇā kāreyyuṁ, kasāhipi tāḷeyyuṁ, vettehipi tāḷeyyuṁ, addhadaṇḍakehipi tāḷeyyuṁ, hatthampi chindeyyuṁ, pādampi chindeyyuṁ, hatthapādampi chindeyyuṁ, kaṇṇampi chindeyyuṁ, nāsampi chindeyyuṁ, kaṇṇanāsampi chindeyyuṁ, bilaṅgathālikampi kareyyuṁ, saṅkhamuṇḍikampi kareyyuṁ; rāhumukhampi kareyyuṁ, jotimālikampi kareyyuṁ, hatthapajjotikampi kareyyuṁ, erakavattikampi kareyyuṁ, cīrakavāsikampi kareyyuṁ, eṇeyyakampi kareyyuṁ, balisamaṁsikampi kareyyuṁ, kahāpaṇakampi kareyyuṁ, khārāpatacchikampi kareyyuṁ, palighaparivattikampi kareyyuṁ, palālapīṭhakampi kareyyuṁ, tattenapi telena osiñceyyuṁ, sunakhehipi khādāpeyyuṁ, jīvantampi sūle uttāseyyuṁ, asināpi sīsaṁ chindeyyun’ti. So daṇḍabhayassa bhīto na paresaṁ pābhataṁ vilumpanto carati. Kāyaduccaritaṁ pahāya … pe … suddhaṁ attānaṁ pariharati. Idaṁ vuccati, bhikkhave, daṇḍabhayaṁ.

6Katamañca, bhikkhave, duggatibhayaṁ? Idha, bhikkhave, ekacco iti paṭisañcikkhati: ‘kāyaduccaritassa kho pāpako vipāko abhisamparāyaṁ, vacīduccaritassa pāpako vipāko abhisamparāyaṁ, manoduccaritassa pāpako vipāko abhisamparāyaṁ. Ahañceva kho pana kāyena duccaritaṁ careyyaṁ, vācāya duccaritaṁ careyyaṁ, manasā duccaritaṁ careyyaṁ, kiñca taṁ yāhaṁ na kāyassa bhedā paraṁ maraṇā apāyaṁ duggatiṁ vinipātaṁ nirayaṁ upapajjeyyan’ti. So duggatibhayassa bhīto kāyaduccaritaṁ pahāya kāyasucaritaṁ bhāveti, vacīduccaritaṁ pahāya vacīsucaritaṁ bhāveti, manoduccaritaṁ pahāya manosucaritaṁ bhāveti, suddhaṁ attānaṁ pariharati. Idaṁ vuccati, bhikkhave, duggatibhayaṁ.

Imāni kho, bhikkhave, cattāri bhayānī"ti.

Paṭhamaṁ.