Saṁyutta Nikāya — The Connected Discourses

SN5: Connected Discourses with Bhikkhunīs

SN5:2 Soma

1At Sāvatthī. Then, in the morning, the bhikkhuni Soma dressed and, taking bowl and robe, entered Sāvatthī for alms. [n.335] Thī-a 64 identifies her as the daughter of King Bimbisāra's chaplain. Two verses here = Thī 60–61, also ascribed to Soma, but the third verse differs in the two sources. For the background, see Commentary on the Verses, pp. 87–90. When she had walked for alms in Sāvatthī and had returned from her alms round, after her meal she went to the Blind Men's Grove for the day's abiding. Having plunged into the Blind Men's Grove, she sat down at the foot of a tree for the day's abiding.

Then Māra the Evil One, desiring to arouse fear, trepidation, and terror in the bhikkhuni Soma, desiring to make her fall away from concentration, approached her and addressed her in verse:

2v.522 "That state so hard to achieve
Which is to be attained by the seers,
Can’t be attained by a woman
With her two-fingered wisdom." [n.336] Spk: That state (ṭhana): arahantship. With her two-fingered wisdom (dvaṅgulapaññāya): with limited wisdom (parittapaññāya); or else this is said of women because they cut the thread while holding the cotton ball between two fingers. Spk-pṭ and Thī-a 65 offer a different explanation: "From the age of seven on they are always testing whether the rice is cooked by taking grains out from the pot and pressing them between two fingers. Therefore they are said to have ‘two-fingered wisdom.’" It should be noted that it is Māra who voices this ancient bias. See too Mvu III 391,19, where we find dvaṅgulaprajñaye strimatraye.

3Then it occurred to the bhikkhuni Soma: "Now who is this that recited the verse—a human being or a nonhuman being?" Then it occurred to her: "This is Māra the Evil One, who has recited the verse desiring to arouse fear, trepidation, and terror in me, desiring to make me fall away from concentration."

Then the bhikkhuni Soma, having understood, "This is Māra the Evil One," replied to him in verses:

4v.523 "What does womanhood matter at all
When the mind is concentrated well,
When knowledge flows on steadily
As one sees correctly into Dhamma. [n.337] Spk: When knowledge flows on steadily (ñāṇamhi vattamanamhi): while the knowledge of the attainment of fruition is occurring (phalasamāpattiñaṇe pavattamane). As one sees correctly into Dhamma (samma dhammam vipassato): seeing into the Dhamma of the four truths, or into the five aggregates that form the object of insight in the preliminary phase of practice.
Spk-pṭ: By mentioning the occurrence of the knowledge of fruition attainment, the commentator shows that she has been dwelling in nondelusion regarding the four truths (catūsu saccesu asammohaviharo). Seeing into (vipassantassa; or, "seeing with insight"): for one seeing distinctly by the penetration of nondelusion; for one seeing into the five aggregates themselves in the preliminary portion (of the practice) prior to the breakthrough to the truths (asammohapaṭivedhato visesena passantassa khandhapañcakam eva saccabhisamayato pubbabhage vipassantassa.)
Spk explains in terms of the knowledge of fruition attainment because Soma, being already an arahant, would have been dwelling in the concentration of fruition. In elucidating vipassantassa, Spk-pṭ, in the first clause, connects the word with the realization of the Four Noble Truths on the occasion of the supramundane path; in the second, it takes the word as signifying vipassanā in the technical sense of the preparatory work of insight meditation that leads to the path and fruition.

5v.524 "One to whom it might occur,
‘I’m a woman’ or ‘I’m a manʹ
Or ‘I’m anything at all’—
Is fit for Māra to address." [n.338] Spk says one entertains such thoughts on account of craving, conceit, and views. In pāda c, I read with Ee1 & 2 asmi ti, as against Be and Se aññasmim. Strangely, though it delivers the coup de grace to Māra, this verse is without a parallel in Thī.

6Then Māra the Evil One, realizing, "The bhikkhuni Soma knows me," sad and disappointed, disappeared right there.

1Sāvatthinidānaṁ. Atha kho somā bhikkhunī pubbaṇhasamayaṁ nivāsetvā pattacīvaramādāya sāvatthiṁ piṇḍāya pāvisi. Sāvatthiyaṁ piṇḍāya caritvā pacchābhattaṁ piṇḍapātapaṭikkantā yena andhavanaṁ tenupasaṅkami divāvihārāya. Andhavanaṁ ajjhogāhetvā aññatarasmiṁ rukkhamūle divāvihāraṁ nisīdi.

Atha kho māro pāpimā somāya bhikkhuniyā bhayaṁ chambhitattaṁ lomahaṁsaṁ uppādetukāmo samādhimhā cāvetukāmo yena somā bhikkhunī tenupasaṅkami; upasaṅkamitvā somaṁ bhikkhuniṁ gāthāya ajjhabhāsi:

2"Yaṁ taṁ isīhi pattabbaṁ,
ṭhānaṁ durabhisambhavaṁ;
Na taṁ dvaṅgulapaññāya,
sakkā pappotumitthiyā"ti.

3Atha kho somāya bhikkhuniyā etadahosi: "ko nu khvāyaṁ manusso vā amanusso vā gāthaṁ bhāsatī"ti? Atha kho somāya bhikkhuniyā etadahosi: "māro kho ayaṁ pāpimā mama bhayaṁ chambhitattaṁ lomahaṁsaṁ uppādetukāmo samādhimhā cāvetukāmo gāthaṁ bhāsatī"ti.

Atha kho somā bhikkhunī "māro ayaṁ pāpimā" iti viditvā māraṁ pāpimantaṁ gāthāhi paccabhāsi:

4"Itthibhāvo kiṁ kayirā,
cittamhi susamāhite;
Ñāṇamhi vattamānamhi,
sammā dhammaṁ vipassato.

5Yassa nūna siyā evaṁ,
Itthāhaṁ purisoti vā;
Kiñci vā pana aññasmi,
Taṁ māro vattumarahatī"ti.

6Atha kho māro pāpimā "jānāti maṁ somā bhikkhunī"ti dukkhī dummano tatthevantaradhāyīti.

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