‘pubbe sudaṁ ayaṁ loko avīci maññe phuṭo ahosi manussehi, kukkuṭasaṁpātikā gāmanigamarājadhāniyo’ti.   ‘In the old days this world was as crowded as hell with people. The villages, towns and capital cities were no more than a chicken’s flight apart.’  
pubbe sudaṁ → pubbassudaṁ (bj, sya-all, km, pts1ed) | ahosi → hoti (bj, sya-all)  

Yepi te, bhikkhave, rañño nāgā gāmanigamarājadhānīsu daḷhehi varattehi bandhanehi baddhā, tepi tāni bandhanāni sañchinditvā sampadāletvā bhītā muttakarīsaṁ cajamānā yena vā tena vā palāyanti.   Even the royal elephants, bound with strong harnesses in the villages, towns, and capital cities, break apart their bonds, and urinate and defecate in terror as they flee here and there.  

‘pāpakaṁ vata, bho, ayaṁ puriso kammaṁ akāsi gārayhaṁ sīsacchejjaṁ.   ‘This man must have done a truly bad and reprehensible deed, a capital offense.  
So vatassāhaṁ evarūpaṁ pāpakammaṁ na kareyyaṁ gārayhaṁ sīsacchejjan’ti.  
There’s no way I’d ever do such a bad and reprehensible deed, a capital offense.’  
vatassāhaṁ → so vatassāyaṁ (bj, sya-all) | pāpakammaṁ → pāpaṁ kammaṁ (bj, pts1ed) | na kareyyaṁ → na kareyya (si, sya-all)  

gāmanigamarājadhānīsu osaritvā vāsaṁ kappessanti, cīvarahetu ca anekavihitaṁ anesanaṁ appatirūpaṁ āpajjissanti.   They will come down to the villages, towns, and capital cities and make their homes there. And they will try to get robes in many kinds of wrong and inappropriate ways.  
gāmanigamarājadhānīsu osaritvā vāsaṁ kappessanti jivhaggena rasaggāni pariyesamānā, piṇḍapātahetu ca anekavihitaṁ anesanaṁ appatirūpaṁ āpajjissanti.  
They will come down to the villages, towns, and capital cities and make their homes there. And they will try to get almsfood in many kinds of wrong and inappropriate ways.  
gāmanigamarājadhānīsu osaritvā vāsaṁ kappessanti, senāsanahetu ca anekavihitaṁ anesanaṁ appatirūpaṁ āpajjissanti.  
They will come down to the villages, towns, and capital cities and make their homes there. And they will try to get lodgings in many kinds of wrong and inappropriate ways.  

gāmanigamarājadhāniṁ osaritvā vāsaṁ kappeti.   They come down to villages, towns, and capital cities and make their home there.  

gāmanigamarājadhāniṁ osaritvā vāsaṁ kappeti.   They come down to villages, towns and capital cities and make their homes there.  

idha te assa puriso kassako gahapatiko karakārako rāsivaḍḍhako.   Suppose you had a person who was a farmer, a householder, a hard worker, someone who builds up their capital.  
Ahaṁ panamhissa kassako gahapatiko karakārako rāsivaḍḍhako.  
Whereas I’m a farmer, a householder, a hard worker, someone who builds up their capital.  
‘etu me, bho, so puriso, punadeva hotu kassako gahapatiko karakārako rāsivaḍḍhako’”ti?  
‘Bring that person to me! Let them once more be a farmer, a householder, a hard worker, someone who builds up their capital’?”  

Bandhumassa rañño bandhumatī nāma nagaraṁ rājadhānī ahosi.   and their capital city was named Bandhumatī.  
Aruṇassa rañño aruṇavatī nāma nagaraṁ rājadhānī ahosi.  
and their capital city was named Aruṇavatī.  
Suppatitassa rañño anomaṁ nāma nagaraṁ rājadhānī ahosi.  
and their capital city was named Anoma.  
Khemassa rañño khemavatī nāma nagaraṁ rājadhānī ahosi.  
whose capital city was named Khemavatī.  
Sobhassa rañño sobhavatī nāma nagaraṁ rājadhānī ahosi.  
whose capital city was named Sobhavatī.  
Kikissa rañño bārāṇasī nāma nagaraṁ rājadhānī ahosi.  
whose capital city was named Varanasi.  
Kapilavatthu nāma nagaraṁ rājadhānī ahosī”ti.  
and our capital city was Kapilavatthu.”  
Bandhumassa rañño bandhumatī nāma nagaraṁ rājadhānī ahosi.  
and their capital city was named Bandhumatī.  
Assosi kho, bhikkhave, bandhumatiyā rājadhāniyā mahājanakāyo caturāsītipāṇasahassāni:  
A large crowd of 84,000 people in the capital of Bandhumatī heard  
Tāya sudaṁ, bhikkhave, parisāya parivuto vipassī bodhisatto gāmanigamajanapadarājadhānīsu cārikaṁ carati.  
Escorted by that assembly, Vipassī wandered on tour among the villages, towns, and capital cities.  
Atha kho, bhikkhave, vipassī bhagavā arahaṁ sammāsambuddho seyyathāpi nāma balavā puriso samiñjitaṁ vā bāhaṁ pasāreyya, pasāritaṁ vā bāhaṁ samiñjeyya; evameva—bodhirukkhamūle antarahito bandhumatiyā rājadhāniyā kheme migadāye pāturahosi.  
Then, as easily as a strong person would extend or contract their arm, he vanished from the tree of awakening and reappeared near the capital city of Bandhumatī, in the deer park named Sanctuary.  
Assosi kho, bhikkhave, bandhumatiyā rājadhāniyā mahājanakāyo caturāsītipāṇasahassāni:  
A large crowd of 84,000 people in the capital of Bandhumatī heard  
Bandhumassa rañño bandhumatī nāma nagaraṁ rājadhānī ahosi.  
and their capital city was named Bandhumatī.  
Kapilavatthu nāma nagaraṁ rājadhānī ahosi.  
and your capital city was Kapilavatthu.  

Rañño, ānanda, mahāsudassanassa ayaṁ kusinārā kusāvatī nāma rājadhānī ahosi.   His capital was this Kusinārā, which at the time was named Kusāvatī.  
Kusāvatī, ānanda, rājadhānī iddhā ceva ahosi phītā ca bahujanā ca ākiṇṇamanussā ca subhikkhā ca.  
The royal capital of Kusāvatī was successful, prosperous, populous, full of people, with plenty of food.  
Seyyathāpi, ānanda, devānaṁ āḷakamandā nāma rājadhānī iddhā ceva hoti phītā ca bahujanā ca ākiṇṇayakkhā ca subhikkhā ca;  
It was just like Āḷakamandā, the royal capital of the gods, which is successful, prosperous, populous, full of spirits, with plenty of food.  

1. Kusāvatīrājadhānī   1. The Capital City of Kusāvatī  
Rañño, ānanda, mahāsudassanassa ayaṁ kusinārā kusāvatī nāma rājadhānī ahosi.  
His capital was this Kusinārā, which at the time was named Kusāvatī.  
Kusāvatī, ānanda, rājadhānī iddhā ceva ahosi phītā ca bahujanā ca ākiṇṇamanussā ca subhikkhā ca.  
The royal capital of Kusāvatī was successful, prosperous, populous, full of people, with plenty of food.  
Seyyathāpi, ānanda, devānaṁ āḷakamandā nāma rājadhānī iddhā ceva hoti phītā ca bahujanā ca ākiṇṇayakkhā ca subhikkhā ca;  
It was just like Āḷakamandā, the royal capital of the gods, which is successful, prosperous, populous, full of spirits, with plenty of food.  
iddhā ceva hoti phītā ca → iddhā ceva ahosi phītā ca (sya-all, km); iddhā ceva phītā ca (pts1ed)  
Atha kho taṁ, ānanda, cakkaratanaṁ samuddapariyantaṁ pathaviṁ abhivijinitvā kusāvatiṁ rājadhāniṁ paccāgantvā rañño mahāsudassanassa antepuradvāre atthakaraṇapamukhe akkhāhataṁ maññe aṭṭhāsi rañño mahāsudassanassa antepuraṁ upasobhayamānaṁ.  
And then the wheel-treasure, having triumphed over this land surrounded by ocean, returned to the royal capital. There it stood still by the gate to the royal compound at the High Court as if fixed to an axle, illuminating the royal compound.  
Bhūtapubbaṁ, ānanda, rājā mahāsudassano tameva hatthiratanaṁ vīmaṁsamāno pubbaṇhasamayaṁ abhiruhitvā samuddapariyantaṁ pathaviṁ anuyāyitvā kusāvatiṁ rājadhāniṁ paccāgantvā pātarāsamakāsi.  
Once it so happened that King Mahāsudassana, testing that same elephant-treasure, mounted him in the morning and traversed the land surrounded by ocean before returning to the royal capital in time for breakfast.  
Bhūtapubbaṁ, ānanda, rājā mahāsudassano tameva assaratanaṁ vīmaṁsamāno pubbaṇhasamayaṁ abhiruhitvā samuddapariyantaṁ pathaviṁ anuyāyitvā kusāvatiṁ rājadhāniṁ paccāgantvā pātarāsamakāsi.  
Once it so happened that King Mahāsudassana, testing that same horse-treasure, mounted him in the morning and traversed the land surrounded by ocean before returning to the royal capital in time for breakfast.  
Rañño, ānanda, mahāsudassanassa caturāsīti nagarasahassāni ahesuṁ kusāvatīrājadhānippamukhāni;  
King Mahāsudassana had 84,000 cities, with the royal capital of Kusāvatī foremost.  
‘Imāni te, deva, caturāsīti nagarasahassāni kusāvatīrājadhānippamukhāni.  
‘Sire, you have 84,000 cities, with the royal capital of Kusāvatī foremost.  
Imāni te, deva, caturāsīti nagarasahassāni kusāvatīrājadhānippamukhāni.  
Sire, you have 84,000 cities, with the royal capital of Kusāvatī foremost.  
Imāni te, deva, caturāsīti nagarasahassāni kusāvatīrājadhānippamukhāni.  
Sire, you have 84,000 cities, with the royal capital of Kusāvatī foremost.  
Mama tāni caturāsīti nagarasahassāni kusāvatīrājadhānippamukhāni, mama tāni caturāsīti pāsādasahassāni dhammapāsādappamukhāni, mama tāni caturāsīti kūṭāgārasahassāni mahāviyūhakūṭāgārappamukhāni, mama tāni caturāsīti pallaṅkasahassāni sovaṇṇamayāni rūpiyamayāni dantamayāni sāramayāni gonakatthatāni paṭikatthatāni paṭalikatthatāni kadalimigapavarapaccattharaṇāni sauttaracchadāni ubhatolohitakūpadhānāni, mama tāni caturāsīti nāgasahassāni sovaṇṇālaṅkārāni sovaṇṇadhajāni hemajālapaṭicchannāni uposathanāgarājappamukhāni, mama tāni caturāsīti assasahassāni sovaṇṇālaṅkārāni sovaṇṇadhajāni hemajālapaṭicchannāni valāhakaassarājappamukhāni, mama tāni caturāsīti rathasahassāni sīhacammaparivārāni byagghacammaparivārāni dīpicammaparivārāni paṇḍukambalaparivārāni sovaṇṇālaṅkārāni sovaṇṇadhajāni hemajālapaṭicchannāni vejayantarathappamukhāni, mama tāni caturāsīti maṇisahassāni maṇiratanappamukhāni, mama tāni caturāsīti itthisahassāni subhaddādevippamukhāni, mama tāni caturāsīti gahapatisahassāni gahapatiratanappamukhāni, mama tāni caturāsīti khattiyasahassāni anuyantāni pariṇāyakaratanappamukhāni, mama tāni caturāsīti dhenusahassāni duhasandanāni kaṁsūpadhāraṇāni, mama tāni caturāsīti vatthakoṭisahassāni khomasukhumānaṁ kappāsikasukhumānaṁ koseyyasukhumānaṁ kambalasukhumānaṁ, mama tāni caturāsīti thālipākasahassāni sāyaṁ pātaṁ bhattābhihāro abhihariyittha.  
Mine were the 84,000 cities, with the royal capital of Kusāvatī foremost. And mine were all the other possessions.  
Tesaṁ kho panānanda, caturāsītinagarasahassānaṁ ekaññeva taṁ nagaraṁ hoti, yaṁ tena samayena ajjhāvasāmi yadidaṁ kusāvatī rājadhānī.  
Of those 84,000 cities, I only stayed in one, the capital Kusāvatī.  

Tāya sudaṁ, bho, parisāya parivuto mahāgovindo brāhmaṇo gāmanigamarājadhānīsu cārikaṁ carati.   Escorted by that assembly, the Great Steward wandered on tour among the villages, towns, and capital cities.  

Anekapariyāyena kho te, sunakkhatta, mama vaṇṇo bhāsito vajjigāme—  In many ways, Sunakkhatta, you have praised me like this in the Vajjian capital:  
Anekapariyāyena kho te, sunakkhatta, dhammassa vaṇṇo bhāsito vajjigāme— 
In many ways you have praised the teaching like this in the Vajjian capital:  
Anekapariyāyena kho te, sunakkhatta, saṅghassa vaṇṇo bhāsito vajjigāme— 
In many ways you have praised the Saṅgha like this in the Vajjian capital:  
Tena kho pana samayena acelo kaḷāramaṭṭako vesāliyaṁ paṭivasati lābhaggappatto ceva yasaggappatto ca vajjigāme.  
Now at that time the naked ascetic Kaḷāramaṭṭaka was residing in Vesālī. And in the Vajjian capital he had reached the peak of material possessions and fame.  
Tena kho pana samayena acelo pāthikaputto vesāliyaṁ paṭivasati lābhaggappatto ceva yasaggappatto ca vajjigāme.  
Now at that time the naked ascetic Pāṭikaputta was residing in Vesālī. And in the Vajjian capital he had reached the peak of material possessions and fame.  
pāthikaputto → pāṭikaputto (sya-all, pts1ed)  
Mampi, bhante, acelo pāthikaputto byākāsi vajjigāme— 
For he has declared of me in the Vajjian capital:  

Atha kho taṁ, bhikkhave, cakkaratanaṁ samuddapariyantaṁ pathaviṁ abhivijinitvā tameva rājadhāniṁ paccāgantvā rañño cakkavattissa antepuradvāre atthakaraṇapamukhe akkhāhataṁ maññe aṭṭhāsi rañño cakkavattissa antepuraṁ upasobhayamānaṁ.   And then the wheel-treasure, having triumphed over this land surrounded by ocean, returned to the royal capital. There it stood still by the gate to the royal compound at the High Court as if fixed to an axle, illuminating the royal compound.  
Asītivassasahassāyukesu, bhikkhave, manussesu ayaṁ jambudīpo iddho ceva bhavissati phīto ca, kukkuṭasampātikā gāmanigamarājadhāniyo.  
India will be successful and prosperous. The villages, towns, and capital cities will be no more than a chicken’s flight apart.  
Asītivassasahassāyukesu, bhikkhave, manussesu ayaṁ bārāṇasī ketumatī nāma rājadhānī bhavissati iddhā ceva phītā ca bahujanā ca ākiṇṇamanussā ca subhikkhā ca.  
The royal capital will be Varanasi, renamed Ketumatī. And it will be successful, prosperous, populous, full of people, with plenty of food.  
Asītivassasahassāyukesu, bhikkhave, manussesu imasmiṁ jambudīpe caturāsītinagarasahassāni bhavissanti ketumatīrājadhānīpamukhāni.  
There will be 84,000 cities in India, with the royal capital of Ketumatī foremost.  
Asītivassasahassāyukesu, bhikkhave, manussesu ketumatiyā rājadhāniyā saṅkho nāma rājā uppajjissati cakkavattī dhammiko dhammarājā cāturanto vijitāvī janapadatthāvariyappatto sattaratanasamannāgato.  
And in the royal capital of Ketumatī a king named Saṅkha will arise, a wheel-turning monarch, a just and principled king. His dominion will extend to all four sides, he will achieve stability in the country, and possess the seven treasures.  

Te araññāyatane paṇṇakuṭiyo karitvā paṇṇakuṭīsu jhāyanti vītaṅgārā vītadhūmā pannamusalā sāyaṁ sāyamāsāya pāto pātarāsāya gāmanigamarājadhāniyo osaranti ghāsamesamānā.   They built leaf huts in a wilderness region where they meditated pure and bright, without lighting cooking fires or digging the soil. They came down in the morning for breakfast and in the evening for supper to the village, town, or royal capital seeking a meal.  
ghāsamesamānā → ghāsamesanā (bj, sya-all, pts1ed)  
‘ime kho, bho, sattā araññāyatane paṇṇakuṭiyo karitvā paṇṇakuṭīsu jhāyanti, vītaṅgārā vītadhūmā pannamusalā sāyaṁ sāyamāsāya pāto pātarāsāya gāmanigamarājadhāniyo osaranti ghāsamesamānā.  
‘These beings build leaf huts in a wilderness region where they meditate pure and bright, without lighting cooking fires or digging the soil. They come down in the morning for breakfast and in the evening for supper to the village, town, or royal capital seeking a meal.  

Āḷakamandā nāma rājadhānī.   and the royal capital named Āḷakamandā.  
Mahārājassa visāṇā nāma rājadhānī;  
has a capital named Visāṇā,  
Na me so, mārisa, amanusso labheyya āḷakamandāya nāma rājadhāniyā vatthuṁ vā vāsaṁ vā.  
And they will receive no ground or dwelling in my capital of Ālakamandā.  

Atha kho taṁ, bhikkhave, cakkaratanaṁ samuddapariyantaṁ pathaviṁ abhivijinitvā tameva rājadhāniṁ paccāgantvā rañño cakkavattissa antepuradvāre akkhāhataṁ maññe tiṭṭhati rañño cakkavattissa antepuradvāraṁ upasobhayamānaṁ.   And then the wheel-treasure, having triumphed over this land surrounded by ocean, returns to the royal capital. There it stands still at the gate to the royal compound as if fixed to an axle, illuminating the royal compound.  
Bhūtapubbaṁ, bhikkhave, rājā cakkavattī tameva hatthiratanaṁ vīmaṁsamāno pubbaṇhasamayaṁ abhiruhitvā samuddapariyantaṁ pathaviṁ anusaṁyāyitvā tameva rājadhāniṁ paccāgantvā pātarāsamakāsi.  
Once it so happened that the wheel-turning monarch, testing that same elephant-treasure, mounted him in the morning and traversed the land surrounded by ocean before returning to the royal capital in time for breakfast.  
Bhūtapubbaṁ, bhikkhave, rājā cakkavattī tameva assaratanaṁ vīmaṁsamāno pubbaṇhasamayaṁ abhiruhitvā samuddapariyantaṁ pathaviṁ anusaṁyāyitvā tameva rājadhāniṁ paccāgantvā pātarāsamakāsi.  
Once it so happened that the wheel-turning monarch, testing that same horse-treasure, mounted him in the morning and traversed the land surrounded by ocean before returning to the royal capital in time for breakfast.  

Parājito ca rājā pasenadi kosalo sakameva rājadhāniṁ sāvatthiṁ paccuyyāsi.   who withdrew to his own capital at Sāvatthī.  
sakameva → saṅgāmā (mr) | paccuyyāsi → pāyāsi (bj, pts1ed); paccāyāsi (pts2ed)  

Rañño kho pana, bhikkhave, aruṇavato aruṇavatī nāma rājadhānī ahosi.   He had a capital named Aruṇavatī.  

Tamanugacchanto passeyya purāṇaṁ nagaraṁ purāṇaṁ rājadhāniṁ pubbakehi manussehi ajjhāvuṭṭhaṁ ārāmasampannaṁ vanasampannaṁ pokkharaṇīsampannaṁ uddhāpavantaṁ ramaṇīyaṁ.   they’d see an ancient city, an ancient capital, inhabited by humans in the past. It was lovely, complete with parks, groves, lotus ponds, and embankments.  
ajjhāvuṭṭhaṁ → ajjhāvutthaṁ (bj, sya-all, km, pts1ed, pts2ed) | uddhāpavantaṁ → uddāpaṁ (bj); uddāpavantaṁ (bj, sya-all, km, pts1ed, pts2ed) 
Tamanugacchanto addasaṁ purāṇaṁ nagaraṁ purāṇaṁ rājadhāniṁ pubbakehi manussehi ajjhāvuṭṭhaṁ ārāmasampannaṁ vanasampannaṁ pokkharaṇīsampannaṁ uddhāpavantaṁ ramaṇīyaṁ.  
Following it along I saw an ancient city, an ancient capital, inhabited by humans in the past. It was lovely, complete with parks, groves, lotus ponds, and embankments.  

Yepi te, bhikkhave, rañño nāgā gāmanigamarājadhānīsu, daḷhehi varattehi baddhā, tepi tāni bandhanāni sañchinditvā sampadāletvā bhītā muttakarīsaṁ cajamānā, yena vā tena vā palāyanti.   Even the royal elephants, bound with strong harness in the villages, towns, and capital cities, break apart their bonds, and urinate and defecate in terror as they flee here and there.  
cajamānā → mocantā (pts1ed, mr) 

Tassa mayhaṁ, bhikkhu, rañño sato khattiyassa muddhāvasittassa caturāsītinagarasahassāni ahesuṁ kusāvatīrājadhānippamukhāni.   I had 84,000 cities, with the capital Kusāvatī the foremost.  
Tesaṁ kho pana, bhikkhu, caturāsītiyā nagarasahassānaṁ ekaññeva taṁ nagaraṁ hoti yamahaṁ tena samayena ajjhāvasāmi—kusāvatī rājadhānī.  
Of those 84,000 cities, I only stayed in one, the capital Kusāvatī.