Yepi te, bhikkhave, rañño nāgā gāmanigamarājadhānīsu daḷhehi varattehi bandhanehi baddhā, tepi tāni bandhanāni sañchinditvā sampadāletvā bhītā muttakarīsaṁ cajamānā yena vā tena vā palāyanti. Even the royal elephants, bound with strong harnesses in the villages, towns, and capital cities, break apart their bonds, and urinate and defecate in terror as they flee here and there.
Atha kho doṇo brāhmaṇo bhagavato padāni anugacchanto addasa bhagavantaṁ aññatarasmiṁ rukkhamūle nisinnaṁ pāsādikaṁ pasādanīyaṁ santindriyaṁ santamānasaṁ uttamadamathasamathamanuppattaṁ dantaṁ guttaṁ saṁyatindriyaṁ nāgaṁ. Then Doṇa, following the Buddha’s footprints, saw him sitting at the tree root—impressive and inspiring, with peaceful faculties and mind, attained to the highest self-control and serenity, like an elephant with tamed, guarded, and controlled faculties. saṁyatindriyaṁ → yatindriyaṁ (cck); santindriyaṁ (sya1ed, sya2ed, pts1ed)
Nāgasutta A Royal Elephant “Catūhi, bhikkhave, aṅgehi samannāgato rañño nāgo rājāraho hoti rājabhoggo, rañño aṅganteva saṅkhaṁ gacchati. “Mendicants, a royal bull elephant with four factors is worthy of a king, fit to serve a king, and is considered a factor of kingship. Idha, bhikkhave, rañño nāgo sotā ca hoti, hantā ca, khantā ca, gantā ca. A royal bull elephant listens, destroys, endures, and goes fast. Kathañca, bhikkhave, rañño nāgo sotā hoti? And how does a royal bull elephant listen? Idha, bhikkhave, rañño nāgo yamenaṁ hatthidammasārathi kāraṇaṁ kāreti— It’s when a royal bull elephant pays attention, applies the mind, concentrates wholeheartedly, and actively listens to whatever task the elephant trainer has it do, Evaṁ kho, bhikkhave, rañño nāgo sotā hoti. That’s how a royal bull elephant listens. Kathañca, bhikkhave, rañño nāgo hantā hoti? And how does a royal bull elephant destroy? Idha, bhikkhave, rañño nāgo saṅgāmagato hatthimpi hanati, hatthāruhampi hanati, assampi hanati, assāruhampi hanati, rathampi hanati, rathikampi hanati, pattikampi hanati. It’s when a royal bull elephant in battle destroys elephants with their riders, horses with their riders, chariots and charioteers, and foot soldiers. hanati → hanti (bj) Evaṁ kho, bhikkhave, rañño nāgo hantā hoti. That’s how a royal bull elephant destroys. Kathañca, bhikkhave, rañño nāgo khantā hoti? And how does a royal bull elephant endure? Idha bhikkhave, rañño nāgo saṅgāmagato khamo hoti sattippahārānaṁ asippahārānaṁ usuppahārānaṁ pharasuppahārānaṁ bheripaṇavasaṅkhatiṇavaninnādasaddānaṁ. It’s when a royal bull elephant in battle endures being struck by spears, swords, arrows, and axes; it endures the thunder of the drums, kettledrums, horns, and cymbals. asippahārānaṁ usuppahārānaṁ → usuppahārānaṁ asippahārānaṁ (si ), pharasuppah idaṁ padaṁ sya-all potthakesu natthi Evaṁ kho, bhikkhave, rañño nāgo khantā hoti. That’s how a royal bull elephant endures. Kathañca, bhikkhave, rañño nāgo gantā hoti? And how does a royal bull elephant go fast? Idha, bhikkhave, rañño nāgo yamenaṁ hatthidammasārathi disaṁ peseti— It’s when a royal bull elephant swiftly goes in whatever direction the elephant trainer sends it, Evaṁ kho, bhikkhave, rañño nāgo gantā hoti. That’s how a royal bull elephant goes fast. Imehi kho, bhikkhave, catūhi aṅgehi samannāgato rañño nāgo rājāraho hoti rājabhoggo, rañño aṅganteva saṅkhaṁ gacchati. A royal bull elephant with four factors is worthy of a king, fit to serve a king, and is considered a factor of kingship.
yāni tāni raññaṁ khattiyānaṁ muddhāvasittānaṁ sippaṭṭhānāni hatthismiṁ vā assasmiṁ vā rathasmiṁ vā dhanusmiṁ vā tharusmiṁ vā tattha sikkhito hoti anavayo. He is trained and skilled in the arts of anointed aristocratic kings, such as elephant riding, horse riding, driving a chariot, archery, and swordsmanship. Ahaṁ khomhi yāni tāni raññaṁ khattiyānaṁ muddhāvasittānaṁ sippaṭṭhānāni hatthismiṁ vā assasmiṁ vā rathasmiṁ vā dhanusmiṁ vā tharusmiṁ vā, tattha sikkhito anavayo. I’m trained and skilled in the arts of anointed aristocratic kings, such as elephant riding, horse riding, driving a chariot, archery, and swordsmanship. tattha → tatthamhi (bj); tatthapi (mr) "
“Pañcahi, bhikkhave, aṅgehi samannāgato rañño nāgo bhattādako ca hoti okāsapharaṇo ca laṇḍasāraṇo ca salākaggāhī ca rañño nāgotveva saṅkhaṁ gacchati. “Mendicants, a royal bull elephant with five factors eats food, takes up space, drops dung, and takes a ticket, yet is still considered to be a royal bull elephant. Idha, bhikkhave, rañño nāgo akkhamo hoti rūpānaṁ, akkhamo saddānaṁ, akkhamo gandhānaṁ, akkhamo rasānaṁ, akkhamo phoṭṭhabbānaṁ. It’s when a royal bull elephant can’t endure sights, sounds, smells, tastes, and touches. Imehi kho, bhikkhave, pañcahi aṅgehi samannāgato rañño nāgo bhattādako ca okāsapharaṇo ca laṇḍasāraṇo ca salākaggāhī ca, rañño nāgotveva saṅkhaṁ gacchati. A royal bull elephant with these five factors eats food, takes up space, drops dung, and takes a ticket, yet is still considered to be a royal bull elephant.
“Pañcahi, bhikkhave, aṅgehi samannāgato rañño nāgo na rājāraho hoti na rājabhoggo, na rañño aṅgaṁtveva saṅkhaṁ gacchati. “Mendicants, a royal bull elephant with five factors is not worthy of a king, not fit to serve a king, and is not considered a factor of kingship. Idha, bhikkhave, rañño nāgo akkhamo hoti rūpānaṁ, akkhamo saddānaṁ, akkhamo gandhānaṁ, akkhamo rasānaṁ, akkhamo phoṭṭhabbānaṁ. It’s when a royal bull elephant can’t endure sights, sounds, smells, tastes, and touches. Kathañca, bhikkhave, rañño nāgo akkhamo hoti rūpānaṁ? And how is it that a royal bull elephant can’t endure sights? Idha, bhikkhave, rañño nāgo saṅgāmagato hatthikāyaṁ vā disvā assakāyaṁ vā disvā rathakāyaṁ vā disvā pattikāyaṁ vā disvā saṁsīdati visīdati, na santhambhati na sakkoti saṅgāmaṁ otarituṁ. It’s when a royal bull elephant gone to battle falters and founders at the sight of a division of elephants, of cavalry, of chariots, or of infantry. It doesn’t stay firm, and fails to plunge into battle. Evaṁ kho, bhikkhave, rañño nāgo akkhamo hoti rūpānaṁ. That’s how a royal bull elephant can’t endure sights. Kathañca, bhikkhave, rañño nāgo akkhamo hoti saddānaṁ? And how is it that a royal bull elephant can’t endure sounds? Idha, bhikkhave, rañño nāgo saṅgāmagato hatthisaddaṁ vā sutvā assasaddaṁ vā sutvā rathasaddaṁ vā sutvā pattisaddaṁ vā sutvā bheripaṇavasaṅkhatiṇavaninnādasaddaṁ vā sutvā saṁsīdati visīdati, na santhambhati na sakkoti saṅgāmaṁ otarituṁ. It’s when a royal bull elephant gone to battle falters and founders at the sound of a division of elephants, of cavalry, of chariots, or of infantry, or the thunder of the drums, kettledrums, horns, and cymbals. It doesn’t stay firm, and fails to plunge into battle. Evaṁ kho, bhikkhave, rañño nāgo akkhamo hoti saddānaṁ. That’s how a royal bull elephant can’t endure sounds. Kathañca, bhikkhave, rañño nāgo akkhamo hoti gandhānaṁ? And how is it that a royal bull elephant can’t endure smells? Idha, bhikkhave, rañño nāgo saṅgāmagato ye te rañño nāgā abhijātā saṅgāmāvacarā tesaṁ muttakarīsassa gandhaṁ ghāyitvā saṁsīdati visīdati, na santhambhati na sakkoti saṅgāmaṁ otarituṁ. It’s when a royal bull elephant gone to battle falters and founders when it smells the odor of the feces and urine of battle-hardened, pedigree royal bull elephants. It doesn’t stay firm, and fails to plunge into battle. Evaṁ kho, bhikkhave, rañño nāgo akkhamo hoti gandhānaṁ. That’s how a royal bull elephant can’t endure smells. Kathañca, bhikkhave, rañño nāgo akkhamo hoti rasānaṁ? And how is it that a royal bull elephant can’t endure tastes? Idha, bhikkhave, rañño nāgo saṅgāmagato ekissā vā tiṇodakadattiyā vimānito dvīhi vā tīhi vā catūhi vā pañcahi vā tiṇodakadattīhi vimānito saṁsīdati visīdati, na santhambhati na sakkoti saṅgāmaṁ otarituṁ. It’s when a royal bull elephant gone to battle falters and founders when it misses a meal of grass and water, or it misses two, three, four, or five meals. It doesn’t stay firm, and fails to plunge into battle. vimānito → vihanīto (sya-all); vihānito (katthaci) | vimānito → vihanīto (sya-all); vihānito (katthaci) " Evaṁ kho, bhikkhave, rañño nāgo akkhamo hoti rasānaṁ. That’s how a royal bull elephant can’t endure tastes. Kathañca, bhikkhave, rañño nāgo akkhamo hoti phoṭṭhabbānaṁ? And how is it that a royal bull elephant can’t endure touches? Idha, bhikkhave, rañño nāgo saṅgāmagato ekena vā saravegena viddho, dvīhi vā tīhi vā catūhi vā pañcahi vā saravegehi viddho saṁsīdati visīdati, na santhambhati na sakkoti saṅgāmaṁ otarituṁ. It’s when a royal bull elephant gone to battle falters and founders when struck by a swift arrow, or by two, three, four, or five swift arrows. It doesn’t stay firm, and fails to plunge into battle. Evaṁ kho, bhikkhave, rañño nāgo akkhamo hoti phoṭṭhabbānaṁ. That’s how a royal bull elephant can’t endure touches. Imehi kho, bhikkhave, pañcahi aṅgehi samannāgato rañño nāgo na rājāraho hoti na rājabhoggo na rañño aṅgaṁtveva saṅkhaṁ gacchati. A royal bull elephant with these five factors is not worthy of a king, not fit to serve a king, and is not considered a factor of kingship. Pañcahi, bhikkhave, aṅgehi samannāgato rañño nāgo rājāraho hoti rājabhoggo, rañño aṅgaṁtveva saṅkhaṁ gacchati. A royal bull elephant with five factors is worthy of a king, fit to serve a king, and is considered a factor of kingship. Idha, bhikkhave, rañño nāgo khamo hoti rūpānaṁ, khamo saddānaṁ, khamo gandhānaṁ, khamo rasānaṁ, khamo phoṭṭhabbānaṁ. It’s when a royal bull elephant can endure sights, sounds, smells, tastes, and touches. Kathañca, bhikkhave, rañño nāgo khamo hoti rūpānaṁ? And how is it that a royal bull elephant can endure sights? Idha, bhikkhave, rañño nāgo saṅgāmagato hatthikāyaṁ vā disvā assakāyaṁ vā disvā rathakāyaṁ vā disvā pattikāyaṁ vā disvā na saṁsīdati na visīdati, santhambhati sakkoti saṅgāmaṁ otarituṁ. It’s when a royal bull elephant gone to battle does not falter or founder at the sight of a division of elephants, of cavalry, of chariots, or of infantry. It stays firm, and plunges into battle. Evaṁ kho, bhikkhave, rañño nāgo khamo hoti rūpānaṁ. That’s how a royal bull elephant can endure sights. Kathañca, bhikkhave, rañño nāgo khamo hoti saddānaṁ? And how is it that a royal bull elephant can endure sounds? Idha, bhikkhave, rañño nāgo saṅgāmagato hatthisaddaṁ vā sutvā assasaddaṁ vā sutvā rathasaddaṁ vā sutvā pattisaddaṁ vā sutvā bheripaṇavasaṅkhatiṇavaninnādasaddaṁ vā sutvā na saṁsīdati na visīdati, santhambhati sakkoti saṅgāmaṁ otarituṁ. It’s when a royal bull elephant does not falter or founder at the sound of a division of elephants, of cavalry, of chariots, or of infantry, or the thunder of the drums, kettledrums, horns, and cymbals. It stays firm, and plunges into battle. Evaṁ kho, bhikkhave, rañño nāgo khamo hoti saddānaṁ. That’s how a royal bull elephant can endure sounds. Kathañca, bhikkhave, rañño nāgo khamo hoti gandhānaṁ? And how is it that a royal bull elephant can endure smells? Idha, bhikkhave, rañño nāgo saṅgāmagato ye te rañño nāgā abhijātā saṅgāmāvacarā tesaṁ muttakarīsassa gandhaṁ ghāyitvā na saṁsīdati na visīdati, santhambhati sakkoti saṅgāmaṁ otarituṁ. It’s when a royal bull elephant gone to battle does not falter or founder when it smells the odor of the feces and urine of battle-hardened, pedigree royal bull elephants. It stays firm, and plunges into battle. Evaṁ kho, bhikkhave, rañño nāgo khamo hoti gandhānaṁ. That’s how a royal bull elephant can endure smells. Kathañca, bhikkhave, rañño nāgo khamo hoti rasānaṁ? And how is it that a royal bull elephant can endure tastes? Idha, bhikkhave, rañño nāgo saṅgāmagato ekissā vā tiṇodakadattiyā vimānito dvīhi vā tīhi vā catūhi vā pañcahi vā tiṇodakadattīhi vimānito na saṁsīdati na visīdati, santhambhati sakkoti saṅgāmaṁ otarituṁ. It’s when a royal bull elephant gone to battle does not falter or founder when it misses a meal of grass and water, or it misses two, three, four, or five meals. It stays firm, and plunges into battle. Evaṁ kho, bhikkhave, rañño nāgo khamo hoti rasānaṁ. That’s how a royal bull elephant can endure tastes. Kathañca, bhikkhave, rañño nāgo khamo hoti phoṭṭhabbānaṁ? And how is it that a royal bull elephant can endure touches? Idha, bhikkhave, rañño nāgo saṅgāmagato ekena vā saravegena viddho, dvīhi vā tīhi vā catūhi vā pañcahi vā saravegehi viddho na saṁsīdati na visīdati, santhambhati sakkoti saṅgāmaṁ otarituṁ. It’s when a royal bull elephant gone to battle does not falter or founder when struck by a swift arrow, or by two, three, four, or five swift arrows. It stays firm, and plunges into battle. Evaṁ kho, bhikkhave, rañño nāgo khamo hoti phoṭṭhabbānaṁ. That’s how a royal bull elephant can endure touches. Imehi kho, bhikkhave, pañcahi aṅgehi samannāgato rañño nāgo rājāraho hoti rājabhoggo, rañño aṅgaṁtveva saṅkhaṁ gacchati. A royal bull elephant with these five factors is worthy of a king, fit to serve a king, and is considered a factor of kingship.
“Pañcahi, bhikkhave, aṅgehi samannāgato rañño nāgo rājāraho hoti rājabhoggo, rañño aṅgaṁtveva saṅkhaṁ gacchati. “Mendicants, a royal bull elephant with five factors is worthy of a king, fit to serve a king, and is considered a factor of kingship. Idha, bhikkhave, rañño nāgo sotā ca hoti, hantā ca, rakkhitā ca, khantā ca, gantā ca. A royal bull elephant listens, destroys, protects, endures, and goes fast. Kathañca, bhikkhave, rañño nāgo sotā hoti? And how does a royal bull elephant listen? Idha, bhikkhave, rañño nāgo yamenaṁ hatthidammasārathi kāraṇaṁ kāreti— It’s when a royal bull elephant pays attention, applies the mind, concentrates wholeheartedly, and actively listens to whatever task the elephant trainer has it do, Evaṁ kho, bhikkhave, rañño nāgo sotā hoti. That’s how a royal bull elephant listens. Kathañca, bhikkhave, rañño nāgo hantā hoti? And how does a royal bull elephant destroy? Idha, bhikkhave, rañño nāgo saṅgāmagato hatthimpi hanati, hatthāruhampi hanati, assampi hanati, assāruhampi hanati, rathampi hanati, rathikampi hanati, pattikampi hanati. It’s when a royal bull elephant in battle destroys elephants with their riders, horses with their riders, chariots and charioteers, and foot soldiers. hanati → hanti (bj, pts1ed) | rathikampi → rathārūhampi (pts1ed) Evaṁ kho, bhikkhave, rañño nāgo hantā hoti. That’s how a royal bull elephant destroys. Kathañca, bhikkhave, rañño nāgo rakkhitā hoti? And how does a royal bull elephant protect? Idha, bhikkhave, rañño nāgo saṅgāmagato rakkhati purimaṁ kāyaṁ, rakkhati pacchimaṁ kāyaṁ, rakkhati purime pāde, rakkhati pacchime pāde, rakkhati sīsaṁ, rakkhati kaṇṇe, rakkhati dante, rakkhati soṇḍaṁ, rakkhati vāladhiṁ, rakkhati hatthāruhaṁ. It’s when a royal bull elephant in battle protects its fore-quarters and hind-quarters, its fore-feet and hind-feet, and its head, ears, tusks, trunk, tail, and rider. Evaṁ kho, bhikkhave, rañño nāgo rakkhitā hoti. That’s how a royal bull elephant protects. Kathañca, bhikkhave, rañño nāgo khantā hoti? And how does a royal bull elephant endure? Idha, bhikkhave, rañño nāgo saṅgāmagato khamo hoti sattippahārānaṁ asippahārānaṁ usuppahārānaṁ pharasuppahārānaṁ bheripaṇavasaṅkhatiṇavaninnādasaddānaṁ. It’s when a royal bull elephant in battle endures being struck by spears, swords, arrows, and axes; it endures the thunder of the drums, kettledrums, horns, and cymbals. Evaṁ kho, bhikkhave, rañño nāgo khantā hoti. That’s how a royal bull elephant endures. Kathañca, bhikkhave, rañño nāgo gantā hoti? And how does a royal bull elephant go fast? Idha, bhikkhave, rañño nāgo yamenaṁ hatthidammasārathi disaṁ peseti— It’s when a royal bull elephant swiftly goes in whatever direction the elephant trainer sends it, Evaṁ kho, bhikkhave, rañño nāgo gantā hoti. That’s how a royal bull elephant goes fast. Imehi kho, bhikkhave, pañcahi aṅgehi samannāgato rañño nāgo rājāraho hoti rājabhoggo, rañño aṅgantveva saṅkhaṁ gacchati. A royal bull elephant with these five factors is worthy of a king, fit to serve a king, and is considered a factor of kingship.
‘macchiko macchabandho macche vadhitvā vadhitvā vikkiṇamāno tena kammena tena ājīvena hatthiyāyī vā assayāyī vā rathayāyī vā yānayāyī vā bhogabhogī vā mahantaṁ vā bhogakkhandhaṁ ajjhāvasanto’”ti? of a fish dealer selling fish that he killed himself who, by means of that work and livelihood, got to travel by elephant, horse, chariot, or vehicle, or to enjoy wealth, or to live off a large fortune?” ‘goghātako gāvo vadhitvā vadhitvā vikkiṇamāno tena kammena tena ājīvena hatthiyāyī vā assayāyī vā rathayāyī vā yānayāyī vā bhogabhogī vā mahantaṁ vā bhogakkhandhaṁ ajjhāvasanto’”ti? of a butcher of cattle selling cattle that he killed himself who, by means of that work and livelihood, got to travel by elephant, horse, chariot, or vehicle, or to enjoy wealth, or to live off a large fortune?” māgaviko mage vadhitvā vadhitvā vikkiṇamāno tena kammena tena ājīvena hatthiyāyī vā assayāyī vā rathayāyī vā yānayāyī vā bhogabhogī vā mahantaṁ vā bhogakkhandhaṁ ajjhāvasanto’”ti? or a deer-hunter selling deer which he killed himself who, by means of that work and livelihood, got to travel by elephant, horse, chariot, or vehicle, or to enjoy wealth, or to live off a large fortune?” mage → mige (sya-all, km, pts1ed) Te hi nāma so, bhikkhave, tiracchānagate pāṇe vajjhe vadhāyupanīte pāpakena manasānupekkhamāno neva hatthiyāyī bhavissati na assayāyī na rathayāyī na yānayāyī na bhogabhogī, na mahantaṁ bhogakkhandhaṁ ajjhāvasissati. By regarding even animals led to the slaughter with bad intentions he did not get to travel by elephant, horse, chariot, or vehicle, or to enjoy wealth, or to live off a large fortune. nāma → idaṁ padaṁ bahūsu, manasānupekkhamāno → tasmā so (sya-all, mr) | bhavissati → hoti (sya-all, mr) | ajjhāvasissati → ajjhāvasati (sya-all, mr)
Idha, bhikkhave, ekacco hatthiratanampi dassanāya gacchati, assaratanampi dassanāya gacchati, maṇiratanampi dassanāya gacchati, uccāvacaṁ vā pana dassanāya gacchati, samaṇaṁ vā brāhmaṇaṁ vā micchādiṭṭhikaṁ micchāpaṭipannaṁ dassanāya gacchati. Some people go to see an elephant-treasure, a horse-treasure, a jewel-treasure, or a diverse spectrum of sights; or ascetics and brahmins of wrong view and wrong practice. Idha, bhikkhave, ekacco hatthismimpi sikkhati, assasmimpi sikkhati, rathasmimpi sikkhati, dhanusmimpi sikkhati, tharusmimpi sikkhati, uccāvacaṁ vā pana sikkhati, samaṇassa vā brāhmaṇassa vā micchādiṭṭhikassa micchāpaṭipannassa sikkhati. Some people train in elephant riding, horse riding, chariot driving, archery, swordsmanship, or a diverse spectrum of things; or they train under an ascetic or brahmin of wrong view and wrong practice. micchāpaṭipannassa → micchāpaṭipattiṁ (mr)
Tena kho pana samayena rañño pasenadissa kosalassa seto nāma nāgo mahātūriyatāḷitavāditena pubbakoṭṭhakā paccuttarati. Now, at that time King Pasenadi had a giant bull elephant called “White”. It emerged from the eastern gate to the beating and playing of musical instruments. mahātūriyatāḷitavāditena → mahāturiyatālita … (bj, sya-all, km, pts1ed) “hatthimeva nu kho, bhante, mahantaṁ brahantaṁ kāyupapannaṁ jano disvā evamāha: “Sir, is it only when they see elephants with such a huge, formidable body that people say: mahantaṁ brahantaṁ → mahantaṁ bruhantaṁ (bj); mahattaṁ brahmattaṁ (mr) “Hatthimpi kho, udāyi, mahantaṁ brahantaṁ kāyupapannaṁ jano disvā evamāha: “Udāyī, when they see elephants with such a huge, formidable body people say:
Seyyathāpi, brāhmaṇa, yāni kānici jaṅgalānaṁ pāṇānaṁ padajātāni, sabbāni tāni hatthipade samodhānaṁ gacchanti; hatthipadaṁ tesaṁ aggamakkhāyati, yadidaṁ mahantattena. The footprints of all creatures that walk can fit inside an elephant’s footprint. So an elephant’s footprint is said to be the biggest of them all. jaṅgalānaṁ → jaṅgamānaṁ (bj, pts1ed)
Idha, bhikkhave, bhikkhu paṭisaṅkhā yoniso caṇḍaṁ hatthiṁ parivajjeti, caṇḍaṁ assaṁ parivajjeti, caṇḍaṁ goṇaṁ parivajjeti, caṇḍaṁ kukkuraṁ parivajjeti, ahiṁ khāṇuṁ kaṇṭakaṭṭhānaṁ sobbhaṁ papātaṁ candanikaṁ oḷigallaṁ, yathārūpe anāsane nisinnaṁ, yathārūpe agocare carantaṁ, yathārūpe pāpake mitte bhajantaṁ viññū sabrahmacārī pāpakesu ṭhānesu okappeyyuṁ, so tañca anāsanaṁ tañca agocaraṁ te ca pāpake mitte paṭisaṅkhā yoniso parivajjeti. Take a mendicant who, reflecting rationally, avoids a wild elephant, a wild horse, a wild ox, a wild dog, a snake, a stump, thorny ground, a pit, a cliff, a swamp, and a sewer. Reflecting rationally, they avoid sitting on inappropriate seats, walking in inappropriate neighborhoods, and mixing with bad friends—whatever sensible spiritual companions would believe to be a bad setting.
Tatra hatthisaddena assasaddena rathasaddena pattisaddena bheripaṇavasaṅkhatiṇavaninnādasaddena cīrikasaddo antaradhāyeyya. There, because of the noise of the elephants, horses, chariots, soldiers, and the drums, kettledrums, horns, and cymbals, the chirping of crickets would vanish. Tatra → tattha (bj, pts1ed) | cīrikasaddo → ciriliyasaddo (bj); ciriḷikāsaddo (cck, km); cīriḷikāsaddo (sya1ed, sya2ed, pts1ed) | antaradhāyeyya → antaradhāpeyya (sya-all, pts1ed, mr)
cakkaratanaṁ, hatthiratanaṁ, assaratanaṁ, maṇiratanaṁ, itthiratanaṁ, gahapatiratanaṁ, pariṇāyakaratanameva sattamaṁ. the wheel, the elephant, the horse, the jewel, the woman, the treasurer, and the counselor as the seventh treasure.
Dutiyauggasutta With Ugga of Elephant Village Dutiyauggasutta → hatthigāmakauggasuttaṁ (bj) Ekaṁ samayaṁ bhagavā vajjīsu viharati hatthigāme. At one time the Buddha was staying in the land of the Vajjis at Elephant Village. “aṭṭhahi, bhikkhave, acchariyehi abbhutehi dhammehi samannāgataṁ uggaṁ gahapatiṁ hatthigāmakaṁ dhārethā”ti. “Mendicants, you should remember the householder Ugga of Elephant Village as someone who has eight amazing and incredible qualities.” Atha kho aññataro bhikkhu pubbaṇhasamayaṁ nivāsetvā pattacīvaramādāya yena uggassa gahapatino hatthigāmakassa nivesanaṁ tenupasaṅkami; upasaṅkamitvā paññatte āsane nisīdi. Then a certain mendicant robed up in the morning and, taking his bowl and robe, went to the home of the householder Ugga of Elephant Village, where he sat on the seat spread out. Atha kho uggo gahapati hatthigāmako yena so bhikkhu tenupasaṅkami; upasaṅkamitvā taṁ bhikkhuṁ abhivādetvā ekamantaṁ nisīdi. Ekamantaṁ nisinnaṁ kho uggaṁ gahapatiṁ hatthigāmakaṁ so bhikkhu etadavoca: Then Ugga of Elephant Village went up to that mendicant, bowed, and sat down to one side. The mendicant said to him: Uggo gahapati hatthigāmako etadavoca: Ugga of Elephant Village said this: ‘natthi taṁ saṁyojanaṁ yena saṁyutto uggo gahapati hatthigāmako puna imaṁ lokaṁ āgaccheyyā’ti. ‘The householder Ugga of Elephant Village is bound by no fetter that might return him to this world.’ Atha kho so bhikkhu uggassa gahapatino hatthigāmakassa nivesane piṇḍapātaṁ gahetvā uṭṭhāyāsanā pakkāmi. Then that mendicant, after taking almsfood in Ugga of Elephant Village’s home, got up from his seat and left. Ekamantaṁ nisinno kho so bhikkhu yāvatako ahosi uggena gahapatinā hatthigāmakena saddhiṁ kathāsallāpo, taṁ sabbaṁ bhagavato ārocesi. He informed the Buddha of all he had discussed with the householder Ugga of Elephant Village. The Buddha said: Yathā taṁ uggo gahapati hatthigāmako sammā byākaramāno byākareyya, imeheva kho, bhikkhu, aṭṭhahi acchariyehi abbhutehi dhammehi samannāgato uggo gahapati hatthigāmako mayā byākato. When I declared that the householder Ugga of Elephant Village was someone who has eight amazing and incredible qualities, I was referring to the same eight qualities that he rightly explained to you. Imehi ca pana, bhikkhu, aṭṭhahi acchariyehi abbhutehi dhammehi samannāgataṁ uggaṁ gahapatiṁ hatthigāmakaṁ dhārehī”ti. You should remember the householder Ugga of Elephant Village as someone who has these eight amazing and incredible qualities.” "
Caturāsīti suvaṇṇapātisahassāni adāsi rūpiyapūrāni, caturāsīti rūpiyapātisahassāni adāsi suvaṇṇapūrāni, caturāsīti kaṁsapātisahassāni adāsi hiraññapūrāni, caturāsīti hatthisahassāni adāsi sovaṇṇālaṅkārāni sovaṇṇadhajāni hemajālappaṭicchannāni, caturāsīti rathasahassāni adāsi sīhacammaparivārāni byagghacammaparivārāni dīpicammaparivārāni paṇḍukambalaparivārāni sovaṇṇālaṅkārāni sovaṇṇadhajāni hemajālappaṭicchannāni, caturāsīti dhenusahassāni adāsi dukūlasandhanāni kaṁsūpadhāraṇāni, caturāsīti kaññāsahassāni adāsi āmuttamaṇikuṇḍalāyo, caturāsīti pallaṅkasahassāni adāsi gonakatthatāni paṭikatthatāni paṭalikatthatāni kadalimigapavarapaccattharaṇāni sauttaracchadāni ubhatolohitakūpadhānāni, caturāsīti vatthakoṭisahassāni adāsi khomasukhumānaṁ koseyyasukhumānaṁ kambalasukhumānaṁ kappāsikasukhumānaṁ, ko pana vādo annassa pānassa khajjassa bhojjassa leyyassa peyyassa, najjo maññe vissandanti. 84,000 gold bowls filled with silver. 84,000 silver bowls filled with gold. 84,000 bronze bowls filled with gold coins. 84,000 elephants with gold adornments and banners, covered with gold netting. 84,000 chariots upholstered with the hide of lions, tigers, and leopards, and cream rugs, with gold adornments and banners, covered with gold netting. 84,000 milk cows with silken reins and bronze pails. 84,000 maidens bedecked with jeweled earrings. 84,000 couches spread with woolen covers—shag-piled, pure white, or embroidered with flowers—and spread with a fine deer hide, with canopies above and red pillows at both ends. 8,400,000,000 fine cloths of linen, cotton, silk, and wool. And who can say how much food, drink, snacks, meals, refreshments, and beverages? It seemed like an overflowing river. hemajālappaṭicchannāni → hemajālasañchannāni (bj, pts1ed); hemajālapaṭicchannāni (sya-all) | āmuttamaṇikuṇḍalāyo → āmukkamaṇikuṇḍalāyo (bj) | vissandanti → vissandati (si, pts1ed); visandanti (sya-all)
Nāgasutta The Simile of the Bull Elephant in the Forest Nāgasutta → āraññakanāgopamasuttaṁ (bj) “Yasmiṁ, bhikkhave, samaye āraññikassa nāgassa gocarapasutassa hatthīpi hatthiniyopi hatthikalabhāpi hatthicchāpāpi purato purato gantvā tiṇaggāni chindanti, tena, bhikkhave, āraññiko nāgo aṭṭīyati harāyati jigucchati. “Mendicants, when a wild bull elephant is engrossed in the pasture, but other elephants—males, females, younglings, or cubs—got there first and trampled the grass, the wild bull elephant is horrified, repelled, and disgusted by that. āraññikassa → āraññakassa (bj, sya-all) Yasmiṁ, bhikkhave, samaye āraññikassa nāgassa gocarapasutassa hatthīpi hatthiniyopi hatthikalabhāpi hatthicchāpāpi obhaggobhaggaṁ sākhābhaṅgaṁ khādanti, tena, bhikkhave, āraññiko nāgo aṭṭīyati harāyati jigucchati. When the wild bull elephant is engrossed in the pasture, but other elephants—males, females, younglings, or cubs—eat the broken branches that he has dragged down, the wild bull elephant is horrified, repelled, and disgusted by that. Yasmiṁ, bhikkhave, samaye āraññikassa nāgassa ogāhaṁ otiṇṇassa hatthīpi hatthiniyopi hatthikalabhāpi hatthicchāpāpi purato purato gantvā soṇḍāya udakaṁ āloḷenti, tena, bhikkhave, āraññiko nāgo aṭṭīyati harāyati jigucchati. When a wild bull elephant has plunged into the pool, but other elephants—males, females, younglings, or cubs—got there first and stirred up the water with their trunks, the wild bull elephant is horrified, repelled, and disgusted by that. Yasmiṁ, bhikkhave, samaye āraññikassa nāgassa ogāhā uttiṇṇassa hatthiniyo kāyaṁ upanighaṁsantiyo gacchanti, tena, bhikkhave, āraññiko nāgo aṭṭīyati harāyati jigucchati. When a wild bull elephant has come out of the pool and the female elephants bump into him, the wild bull elephant is horrified, repelled, and disgusted by that. Tasmiṁ, bhikkhave, samaye āraññikassa nāgassa evaṁ hoti: At that time the wild bull elephant thinks: Chinnaggāni ceva tiṇāni khādāmi, obhaggobhaggañca me sākhābhaṅgaṁ khādanti, āvilāni ca pānīyāni pivāmi, ogāhā ca me uttiṇṇassa hatthiniyo kāyaṁ upanighaṁsantiyo gacchanti. I eat the grass they’ve trampled, and they eat the broken branches I’ve dragged down. I drink muddy water, and after my bath the female elephants bump into me. khādanti → khāditaṁ (sya-all, mr) | ogāhā ca → ogāhaṁ (bj); ogāhāpi ca (sya-all, mr); ogāhañca (pts1ed) So aparena samayena eko gaṇasmā vūpakaṭṭho viharati, acchinnaggāni ceva tiṇāni khādati, obhaggobhaggañcassa sākhābhaṅgaṁ na khādanti, anāvilāni ca pānīyāni pivati, ogāhā cassa uttiṇṇassa na hatthiniyo kāyaṁ upanighaṁsantiyo gacchanti. After some time he lives alone, withdrawn from the herd, and he eats untrampled grass, and other elephants don’t eat the broken branches he has dragged down. He doesn’t drink muddy water, and the female elephants don’t bump into him after his bath. obhaggobhaggañcassa sākhābhaṅgaṁ na khādanti → na obhaggobhaggañca sākhābhaṅgaṁ khādati (sya-all, mr) Tasmiṁ, bhikkhave, samaye āraññikassa nāgassa evaṁ hoti: At that time the wild bull elephant thinks: ‘ahaṁ kho pubbe ākiṇṇo vihāsiṁ hatthīhi hatthinīhi hatthikalabhehi hatthicchāpehi, chinnaggāni ceva tiṇāni khādiṁ, obhaggobhaggañca me sākhābhaṅgaṁ khādiṁsu, āvilāni ca pānīyāni apāyiṁ, ogāhā ca me uttiṇṇassa hatthiniyo kāyaṁ upanighaṁsantiyo agamaṁsu. Sohaṁ etarahi eko gaṇasmā vūpakaṭṭho viharāmi, acchinnaggāni ceva tiṇāni khādāmi, obhaggobhaggañca me sākhābhaṅgaṁ na khādanti, anāvilāni ca pānīyāni pivāmi, ogāhā ca me uttiṇṇassa na hatthiniyo kāyaṁ upanighaṁsantiyo gacchantī’ti. So soṇḍāya sākhābhaṅgaṁ bhañjitvā sākhābhaṅgena kāyaṁ parimajjitvā attamano soṇḍaṁ saṁharati. ‘Formerly I lived crowded by other males, females, younglings, and cubs. I ate the grass they’d trampled, and they ate the broken branches I’d dragged down. I drank muddy water, and after my bath the female elephants bumped into me. Now I live alone, and I’m free of all these things.’ He breaks off a branch and scratches his body, happily relieving his itches. ogāhā → ettha pisaddo sabbatthapi, parimajjitvā → parimadditvā (bj, pts1ed) | soṇḍaṁ saṁharati → kaṇḍuṁ saṁhanti (bj, pts1ed); kaṇḍuṁ saṁhanati (sya-all)
Seyyathāpi, bhikkhave, yāni kānici jaṅgalānaṁ pāṇānaṁ padajātāni, sabbāni tāni hatthipade samodhānaṁ gacchanti, hatthipadaṁ tesaṁ aggamakkhāyati, yadidaṁ mahantattena; The footprints of all creatures that walk can fit inside an elephant’s footprint, so an elephant’s footprint is said to be the biggest of them all. jaṅgalānaṁ → jaṅgamānaṁ (bj)
Puna caparaṁ, bhikkhave, rañño antepuraṁ hatthisammaddaṁ assasammaddaṁ rathasammaddaṁ rajanīyāni rūpasaddagandharasaphoṭṭhabbāni, yāni na pabbajitassa sāruppāni. Furthermore, in the royal compound there is a trampling of elephants, horses, and chariots, as well as arousing sights, sounds, smells, tastes, and touches that do not befit a monk.
Atha āgaccheyya hatthināgo sattaratano vā aḍḍhaṭṭharatano vā. and along comes a bull elephant with a height of seven or eight cubits. aḍḍhaṭṭharatano → aṭṭharatano (bj, pts1ed) ‘ko cāhaṁ, ko ca hatthināgo. ‘What difference is there between me and a bull elephant? hatthigavassavaḷavapaṭiggahaṇā paṭivirato hoti, elephants, cows, horses, and mares,
So kāyassa bhedā paraṁ maraṇā hatthīnaṁ sahabyataṁ upapajjati. When their body breaks up, after death, they’re reborn in the company of elephants. Yaṁ kho, brāhmaṇa, idha pāṇātipātī adinnādāyī kāmesumicchācārī musāvādī pisuṇavāco pharusavāco samphappalāpī abhijjhālu byāpannacitto micchādiṭṭhiko, tena so kāyassa bhedā paraṁ maraṇā hatthīnaṁ sahabyataṁ upapajjati. Since in this life they killed living creatures … and had wrong view, they were reborn in the company of elephants.
“Tena hi, samma jīvaka, hatthiyānāni kappāpehī”ti. “Well then, my dear Jīvaka, have the elephants readied.” “Evaṁ, devā”ti kho jīvako komārabhacco rañño māgadhassa ajātasattussa vedehiputtassa paṭissuṇitvā pañcamattāni hatthinikāsatāni kappāpetvā rañño ca ārohaṇīyaṁ nāgaṁ, rañño māgadhassa ajātasattussa vedehiputtassa paṭivedesi: “Yes, Your Majesty,” replied Jīvaka. He had around five hundred female elephants readied, in addition to the king’s bull elephant for riding. Then he informed the king, “kappitāni kho te, deva, hatthiyānāni, “The elephants are ready, sire. Atha kho rājā māgadho ajātasattu vedehiputto pañcasu hatthinikāsatesu paccekā itthiyo āropetvā ārohaṇīyaṁ nāgaṁ abhiruhitvā ukkāsu dhāriyamānāsu rājagahamhā niyyāsi mahaccarājānubhāvena, yena jīvakassa komārabhaccassa ambavanaṁ tena pāyāsi. Then King Ajātasattu had women mounted on each of the five hundred female elephants, while he mounted his bull elephant. With attendants carrying torches, he set out in full royal pomp from Rājagaha to Jīvaka’s mango grove. Atha kho rājā māgadho ajātasattu vedehiputto yāvatikā nāgassa bhūmi nāgena gantvā, nāgā paccorohitvā, pattikova yena maṇḍalamāḷassa dvāraṁ tenupasaṅkami; upasaṅkamitvā jīvakaṁ komārabhaccaṁ etadavoca: Then King Ajātasattu rode on the elephant as far as the terrain allowed, then descended and approached the pavilion door on foot, where he asked Jīvaka, pattikova → padikova (cck); padiko va (sya1ed, sya2ed) seyyathidaṁ—hatthārohā assārohā rathikā dhanuggahā celakā calakā piṇḍadāyakā uggā rājaputtā pakkhandino mahānāgā sūrā cammayodhino dāsikaputtā These include elephant riders, cavalry, charioteers, archers, bannermen, adjutants, food servers, warrior-chiefs, princes, chargers, great warriors, heroes, leather-clad soldiers, and sons of bondservants. seyyathidaṁ—hatthārohā assārohā rathikā dhanuggahā celakā calakā piṇḍadāyakā uggā rājaputtā pakkhandino mahānāgā sūrā cammayodhino dāsikaputtā These include elephant riders, cavalry, charioteers, archers, bannermen, adjutants, food servers, warrior-chiefs, princes, chargers, great warriors, heroes, leather-clad soldiers, and sons of bondservants. Hatthigavassavaḷavapaṭiggahaṇā paṭivirato hoti. elephants, cows, horses, and mares, Seyyathidaṁ—naccaṁ gītaṁ vāditaṁ pekkhaṁ akkhānaṁ pāṇissaraṁ vetāḷaṁ kumbhathūṇaṁ sobhanakaṁ caṇḍālaṁ vaṁsaṁ dhovanaṁ hatthiyuddhaṁ assayuddhaṁ mahiṁsayuddhaṁ usabhayuddhaṁ ajayuddhaṁ meṇḍayuddhaṁ kukkuṭayuddhaṁ vaṭṭakayuddhaṁ daṇḍayuddhaṁ muṭṭhiyuddhaṁ nibbuddhaṁ uyyodhikaṁ balaggaṁ senābyūhaṁ anīkadassanaṁ This includes such things as dancing, singing, music, performances, and storytelling; clapping, gongs, and kettledrums; beauty pageants and tribal bone-washing ceremonies; battles of elephants, horses, buffaloes, bulls, goats, rams, chickens, and quails; staff-fights, boxing, and wrestling; combat, roll calls of the armed forces, battle-formations, and regimental reviews. Seyyathidaṁ—āsandiṁ pallaṅkaṁ gonakaṁ cittakaṁ paṭikaṁ paṭalikaṁ tūlikaṁ vikatikaṁ uddalomiṁ ekantalomiṁ kaṭṭissaṁ koseyyaṁ kuttakaṁ hatthattharaṁ assattharaṁ rathattharaṁ ajinappaveṇiṁ kadalimigapavarapaccattharaṇaṁ sauttaracchadaṁ ubhatolohitakūpadhānaṁ This includes such things as sofas, couches, woolen covers—shag-piled, colorful, white, embroidered with flowers, quilted, embroidered with animals, double-or single-fringed—and silk covers studded with gems, as well as silken sheets, woven carpets, rugs for elephants, horses, or chariots, antelope hide rugs, and spreads of fine deer hide, with a canopy above and red cushions at both ends. Seyyathidaṁ—maṇilakkhaṇaṁ vatthalakkhaṇaṁ daṇḍalakkhaṇaṁ satthalakkhaṇaṁ asilakkhaṇaṁ usulakkhaṇaṁ dhanulakkhaṇaṁ āvudhalakkhaṇaṁ itthilakkhaṇaṁ purisalakkhaṇaṁ kumāralakkhaṇaṁ kumārilakkhaṇaṁ dāsalakkhaṇaṁ dāsilakkhaṇaṁ hatthilakkhaṇaṁ assalakkhaṇaṁ mahiṁsalakkhaṇaṁ usabhalakkhaṇaṁ golakkhaṇaṁ ajalakkhaṇaṁ meṇḍalakkhaṇaṁ kukkuṭalakkhaṇaṁ vaṭṭakalakkhaṇaṁ godhālakkhaṇaṁ kaṇṇikalakkhaṇaṁ kacchapalakkhaṇaṁ migalakkhaṇaṁ This includes reading the marks of gems, cloth, clubs, swords, spears, arrows, weapons, women, men, boys, girls, male and female bondservants, elephants, horses, buffaloes, bulls, cows, goats, rams, chickens, quails, monitor lizards, rabbits, tortoises, or deer.
Seyyathidaṁ—cakkaratanaṁ, hatthiratanaṁ, assaratanaṁ, maṇiratanaṁ, itthiratanaṁ, gahapatiratanaṁ, pariṇāyakaratanameva sattamaṁ. the wheel, the elephant, the horse, the jewel, the woman, the treasurer, and the counselor as the seventh treasure. idha rājā pasenadi kosalo hatthigīvāya vā nisinno assapiṭṭhe vā nisinno rathūpatthare vā ṭhito uggehi vā rājaññehi vā kiñcideva mantanaṁ manteyya. Suppose King Pasenadi was holding consultations with warrior-chiefs or chieftains while sitting on an elephant’s neck or on horseback, or while standing on the mat in a chariot.
Seyyathidaṁ—cakkaratanaṁ hatthiratanaṁ assaratanaṁ maṇiratanaṁ itthiratanaṁ gahapatiratanaṁ pariṇāyakaratanameva sattamaṁ. the wheel, the elephant, the horse, the jewel, the woman, the treasurer, and the counselor as the seventh treasure.
21. Nāgāpalokita 21. The Elephant Look Vesāliyaṁ piṇḍāya caritvā pacchābhattaṁ piṇḍapātapaṭikkanto nāgāpalokitaṁ vesāliṁ apaloketvā āyasmantaṁ ānandaṁ āmantesi: Then, after the meal, on his return from almsround, he turned to gaze back at Vesālī, the way that elephants do. He said to Venerable Ānanda: “āyāmānanda, yena hatthigāmo, “Come, Ānanda, let’s go to Elephant Village.”… hatthisaddena assasaddena rathasaddena bherisaddena mudiṅgasaddena vīṇāsaddena gītasaddena saṅkhasaddena sammasaddena pāṇitāḷasaddena ‘asnātha pivatha khādathā’ti dasamena saddena. the sound of elephants, horses, chariots, drums, clay drums, arched harps, singing, horns, gongs, and handbells; and the cry: ‘Eat, drink, be merry!’ as the tenth.
hatthisaddena assasaddena rathasaddena bherisaddena mudiṅgasaddena vīṇāsaddena gītasaddena saṅkhasaddena sammasaddena pāṇitāḷasaddena ‘asnātha pivatha khādathā’ti dasamena saddena. the sound of elephants, horses, chariots, drums, clay drums, arched harps, singing, horns, gongs, and handbells; and the cry, ‘Eat, drink, be merry!’ as the tenth. 2.2. Hatthiratana 2.2. The Elephant-Treasure Puna caparaṁ, ānanda, rañño mahāsudassanassa hatthiratanaṁ pāturahosi Next, the elephant-treasure appeared to King Mahāsudassana. sabbaseto sattappatiṭṭho iddhimā vehāsaṅgamo uposatho nāma nāgarājā. It was an all-white sky-walker with psychic power, touching the ground in seven places, a king of elephants named Sabbath. ‘bhaddakaṁ vata bho hatthiyānaṁ, sace damathaṁ upeyyā’ti. ‘This would truly be a fine elephant vehicle, if he would submit to taming.’ Atha kho taṁ, ānanda, hatthiratanaṁ—seyyathāpi nāma gandhahatthājāniyo dīgharattaṁ suparidanto; evameva damathaṁ upagacchi. Then the elephant-treasure submitted to taming, as if he was a fine thoroughbred elephant that had been tamed for a long time. Bhūtapubbaṁ, ānanda, rājā mahāsudassano tameva hatthiratanaṁ vīmaṁsamāno pubbaṇhasamayaṁ abhiruhitvā samuddapariyantaṁ pathaviṁ anuyāyitvā kusāvatiṁ rājadhāniṁ paccāgantvā pātarāsamakāsi. Once it so happened that King Mahāsudassana, testing that same elephant-treasure, mounted him in the morning and traversed the land surrounded by ocean before returning to the royal capital in time for breakfast. Rañño, ānanda, mahāsudassanassa evarūpaṁ hatthiratanaṁ pāturahosi. Such is the elephant-treasure that appeared to King Mahāsudassana. caturāsīti nāgasahassāni ahesuṁ sovaṇṇālaṅkārāni sovaṇṇadhajāni hemajālapaṭicchannāni uposathanāgarājappamukhāni; He had 84,000 bull elephants with gold adornments and banners, covered with gold netting, with the royal bull elephant named Sabbath foremost. Tena kho panānanda, samayena rañño mahāsudassanassa caturāsīti nāgasahassāni sāyaṁ pātaṁ upaṭṭhānaṁ āgacchanti. Now at that time his 84,000 royal elephants came to attend on him in the morning and evening. ‘imāni kho me caturāsīti nāgasahassāni sāyaṁ pātaṁ upaṭṭhānaṁ āgacchanti, yannūna vassasatassa vassasatassa accayena dvecattālīsaṁ dvecattālīsaṁ nāgasahassāni sakiṁ sakiṁ upaṭṭhānaṁ āgaccheyyun’ti. ‘What if instead half of the elephants took turns to attend on me at the end of each century?’ Tesaṁ kho panānanda, caturāsīti nāgasahassānaṁ ekoyeva so nāgo hoti, yaṁ tena samayena abhiruhāmi yadidaṁ uposatho nāgarājā. Of those 84,000 bull elephants, I only rode one, the royal bull elephant named Sabbath.
Sītodakaṁ pokkharaṇiṁ, As elephants burning in the heat of summer, Accaṅkusova nāgova, Like elephants bursting bonds in rutting season, Nāgova sannāni guṇāni chetvā, they burst them like a bull elephant his ropes, sannāni guṇāni → sandānaguṇāni (bj, pts1ed); santāni guṇāni (sya-all, km)
cakkaratanaṁ hatthiratanaṁ assaratanaṁ maṇiratanaṁ itthiratanaṁ gahapatiratanaṁ pariṇāyakaratanameva sattamaṁ. the wheel, the elephant, the horse, the jewel, the woman, the treasurer, and the counselor as the seventh treasure. cakkaratanaṁ hatthiratanaṁ assaratanaṁ maṇiratanaṁ itthiratanaṁ gahapatiratanaṁ pariṇāyakaratanameva sattamaṁ. the wheel, the elephant, the horse, the jewel, the woman, the treasurer, and the counselor as the seventh treasure.
Seyyathidaṁ—cakkaratanaṁ hatthiratanaṁ assaratanaṁ maṇiratanaṁ itthiratanaṁ gahapatiratanaṁ pariṇāyakaratanameva sattamaṁ. the wheel, the elephant, the horse, the jewel, the woman, the treasurer, and the counselor as the seventh treasure. Seyyathidaṁ—cakkaratanaṁ hatthiratanaṁ assaratanaṁ maṇiratanaṁ itthiratanaṁ gahapatiratanaṁ pariṇāyakaratanameva sattamaṁ. the wheel, the elephant, the horse, the jewel, the woman, the treasurer, and the counselor as the seventh treasure. cakkaratanaṁ hatthiratanaṁ assaratanaṁ maṇiratanaṁ itthiratanaṁ gahapatiratanaṁ pariṇāyakaratanameva sattamaṁ. the wheel, the elephant, the horse, the jewel, the woman, the treasurer, and the counselor as the seventh treasure.
cakkaratanaṁ, hatthiratanaṁ, assaratanaṁ, maṇiratanaṁ, itthiratanaṁ, gahapatiratanaṁ, pariṇāyakaratanameva sattamaṁ. the wheel, the elephant, the horse, the jewel, the woman, the treasurer, and the counselor as the seventh treasure.
Atha kho bāhiyo dārucīriyo taramānarūpo jetavanā nikkhamitvā sāvatthiṁ pavisitvā addasa bhagavantaṁ sāvatthiyaṁ piṇḍāya carantaṁ pāsādikaṁ pasādanīyaṁ santindriyaṁ santamānasaṁ uttamadamathasamathamanuppattaṁ dantaṁ guttaṁ yatindriyaṁ nāgaṁ. Then Bāhiya rushed out of the Jeta Grove and entered Sāvatthī, where he saw the Buddha walking for alms. He was impressive and inspiring, with peaceful faculties and mind, attained to the highest self-control and serenity, like an elephant with tamed, guarded, and controlled faculties.
Tāva mahā pahāro ahosi, api tena pahārena sattaratanaṁ vā aḍḍhaṭṭhamaratanaṁ vā nāgaṁ osādeyya, mahantaṁ vā pabbatakūṭaṁ padāleyya. The blow was so strong it would have felled a bull elephant seven or seven and a half cubits tall, or split apart a great mountain peak. Tāva mahā pahāro ahosi, api tena pahārena sattaratanaṁ vā aḍḍhaṭṭhamaratanaṁ vā nāgaṁ osādeyya, mahantaṁ vā pabbatakūṭaṁ padāleyya, atha ca panāyasmā sāriputto evamāha: The blow was so strong it would have felled a bull elephant seven or seven and a half cubits tall, or split apart a great mountain peak.
Nāgasutta A Bull Elephant Aññataropi kho hatthināgo ākiṇṇo viharati hatthīhi hatthinīhi hatthikalabhehi hatthicchāpehi. Chinnaggāni ceva tiṇāni khādati, obhaggobhaggañcassa sākhābhaṅgaṁ khādanti, āvilāni ca pānīyāni pivati, ogāhā cassa uttiṇṇassa hatthiniyo kāyaṁ upanighaṁsantiyo gacchanti. A certain bull elephant was also living crowded by other males, females, younglings, and cubs. He ate the grass they’d trampled, and they ate the broken branches he dragged down. He drank muddy water, and after his bath the female elephants bumped into him. “ahaṁ kho etarahi ākiṇṇo viharāmi hatthīhi hatthinīhi hatthikalabhehi hatthicchāpehi, chinnaggāni ceva tiṇāni khādāmi, obhaggobhaggañca me sākhābhaṅgaṁ khādanti, āvilāni ca pānīyāni pivāmi, ogāhā ca me uttiṇṇassa hatthiniyo kāyaṁ upanighaṁsantiyo gacchanti, ākiṇṇo dukkhaṁ na phāsu viharāmi. “These days I live crowded by other males, females, younglings, and cubs. I eat the grass they’ve trampled, and they eat the broken branches I’ve dragged down. I drink muddy water, and after my bath the female elephants bump into me. Crowded, I live in suffering and discomfort. Tassapi kho hatthināgassa evaṁ cetaso parivitakko udapādi: And to the bull elephant also this thought came to mind, “ahaṁ kho pubbe ākiṇṇo vihāsiṁ hatthīhi hatthinīhi hatthikalabhehi hatthicchāpehi, chinnaggāni ceva tiṇāni khādiṁ, obhaggobhaggañca me sākhābhaṅgaṁ khādiṁsu, āvilāni ca pānīyāni apāyiṁ, ogāhā ca me uttiṇṇassa hatthiniyo kāyaṁ upanighaṁsantiyo agamaṁsu, ākiṇṇo dukkhaṁ na phāsu vihāsiṁ. “Formerly I lived crowded by other males, females, younglings, and cubs. I ate the grass they’d trampled, and they ate the broken branches I’d dragged down. I drank muddy water, and after my bath the female elephants bumped into me. Crowded, I lived in suffering and discomfort. Somhi etarahi anākiṇṇo viharāmi hatthīhi hatthinīhi hatthikalabhehi hatthicchāpehi, acchinnaggāni ceva tiṇāni khādāmi, obhaggobhaggañca me sākhābhaṅgaṁ na khādanti, anāvilāni ca pānīyāni pivāmi, ogāhā ca me uttiṇṇassa hatthiniyo na kāyaṁ upanighaṁsantiyo gacchanti, anākiṇṇo sukhaṁ phāsu viharāmī”ti. But now I live uncrowded by other males, females, younglings, and cubs. I eat untrampled grass, and other elephants don’t eat the broken branches I have dragged down. I don’t drink muddy water, and the female elephants don’t bump into me after my bath. Being uncrowded, I live in happiness and comfort.” Atha kho bhagavā attano ca pavivekaṁ viditvā tassa ca hatthināgassa cetasā cetoparivitakkamaññāya tāyaṁ velāyaṁ imaṁ udānaṁ udānesi: Then, understanding his own seclusion and knowing what that elephant was thinking, on that occasion the Buddha expressed this heartfelt sentiment: “Etaṁ nāgassa nāgena, “The giant elephant, Etaṁ → evaṁ (mr) "
Dakkhissasi tvaṁ, soṇa, taṁ bhagavantaṁ pāsādikaṁ pasādanīyaṁ santindriyaṁ santamānasaṁ uttamadamathasamathamanuppattaṁ dantaṁ guttaṁ yatindriyaṁ nāgaṁ. You will see that Blessed One who is impressive and inspiring, with peaceful faculties and mind, attained to the highest self-control and serenity, like an elephant with tamed, guarded, and controlled faculties.
‘Tena hi, bhaṇe, jaccandhānaṁ hatthiṁ dassehī’ti. ‘Well then, my man, show them an elephant.’ Ekaccānaṁ jaccandhānaṁ hatthissa sīsaṁ dassesi: To some of the blind people he showed the elephant’s head, saying, ‘ediso, jaccandhā, hatthī’ti. ‘Here is the elephant.’ Ekaccānaṁ jaccandhānaṁ hatthissa kaṇṇaṁ dassesi: To some of them he showed the elephant’s ear, saying, ‘ediso, jaccandhā, hatthī’ti. ‘Here is the elephant.’ Ekaccānaṁ jaccandhānaṁ hatthissa dantaṁ dassesi: To some of them he showed the elephant’s tusk, saying, ‘ediso, jaccandhā, hatthī’ti. ‘Here is the elephant.’ Ekaccānaṁ jaccandhānaṁ hatthissa soṇḍaṁ dassesi: To some of them he showed the elephant’s trunk, saying, ‘ediso, jaccandhā, hatthī’ti. ‘Here is the elephant.’ Ekaccānaṁ jaccandhānaṁ hatthissa kāyaṁ dassesi: To some of them he showed the elephant’s flank, saying, ‘ediso, jaccandhā, hatthī’ti. ‘Here is the elephant.’ Ekaccānaṁ jaccandhānaṁ hatthissa pādaṁ dassesi: To some of them he showed the elephant’s leg, saying, ‘ediso, jaccandhā, hatthī’ti. ‘Here is the elephant.’ Ekaccānaṁ jaccandhānaṁ hatthissa satthiṁ dassesi: To some of them he showed the elephant’s thigh, saying, satthiṁ → piṭṭhiṁ (sya-all, pts-vp-pli1) ‘ediso, jaccandhā, hatthī’ti. ‘Here is the elephant.’ Ekaccānaṁ jaccandhānaṁ hatthissa naṅguṭṭhaṁ dassesi: To some of them he showed the elephant’s tail, saying, ‘ediso, jaccandhā, hatthī’ti. ‘Here is the elephant.’ Ekaccānaṁ jaccandhānaṁ hatthissa vāladhiṁ dassesi: To some of them he showed the tip of the elephant’s tail, saying, ‘ediso, jaccandhā, hatthī’ti. ‘Here is the elephant.’ ‘diṭṭho kho tehi, deva, jaccandhehi hatthī; ‘Your Majesty, the blind people have been shown the elephant. ‘diṭṭho vo, jaccandhā, hatthī’ti? ‘Have you seen the elephant?’ ‘Evaṁ, deva, diṭṭho no hatthī’ti. ‘Yes, Your Majesty, we have been shown the elephant.’ ‘Vadetha, jaccandhā, kīdiso hatthī’ti? ‘Then tell us, what kind of thing is an elephant?’ Yehi, bhikkhave, jaccandhehi hatthissa sīsaṁ diṭṭhaṁ ahosi, te evamāhaṁsu: The blind people who had been shown the elephant’s head said, ‘ediso, deva, hatthī seyyathāpi kumbho’ti. ‘Your Majesty, an elephant is like a pot.’ ‘ediso, deva, hatthī seyyathāpi suppo’ti. ‘An elephant is like a winnowing fan.’ ‘ediso, deva, hatthī seyyathāpi khīlo’ti. ‘An elephant is like a ploughshare.’ ‘ediso, deva, hatthī seyyathāpi naṅgalīsā’ti. ‘An elephant is like a plough-pole.’ ‘ediso, deva, hatthī seyyathāpi koṭṭho’ti. ‘An elephant is like a storehouse.’ ‘ediso, deva, hatthī seyyathāpi thūṇo’ti. ‘An elephant is like a pillar.’ ‘ediso, deva, hatthī seyyathāpi udukkhalo’ti. ‘An elephant is like a mortar.’ ‘ediso, deva, hatthī seyyathāpi musalo’ti. ‘An elephant is like a pestle.’ ‘ediso, deva, hatthī seyyathāpi sammajjanī’ti. ‘An elephant is like a broom.’ Te ‘ediso hatthī, nediso hatthī; Saying, ‘Such is an elephant, not such! nediso hatthī, ediso hatthī’ti aññamaññaṁ muṭṭhīhi saṁsumbhiṁsu. Such is not an elephant, such is!’ they punched each other with their fists. saṁsumbhiṁsu → saṅkhubiṁsu (bj); saṁyujjhiṁsu (si); saṁyujjiṁsu (sya-all) "
Idha, bhikkhave, bhikkhu paṭisaṅkhā yoniso caṇḍaṁ hatthiṁ parivajjeti, caṇḍaṁ assaṁ parivajjeti, caṇḍaṁ goṇaṁ parivajjeti, caṇḍaṁ kukkuraṁ parivajjeti, ahiṁ khāṇuṁ kaṇṭakaṭṭhānaṁ sobbhaṁ papātaṁ candanikaṁ oḷigallaṁ. Take a mendicant who, reflecting rationally, avoids a wild elephant, a wild horse, a wild ox, a wild dog, a snake, a stump, thorny ground, a pit, a cliff, a swamp, and a sewer.
Puttabhariyaṁ, bhikkhave, jātidhammaṁ, dāsidāsaṁ jātidhammaṁ, ajeḷakaṁ jātidhammaṁ, kukkuṭasūkaraṁ jātidhammaṁ, hatthigavāssavaḷavaṁ jātidhammaṁ, jātarūparajataṁ jātidhammaṁ. Partners and children, male and female bondservants, goats and sheep, chickens and pigs, elephants and cattle, and gold and money are liable to be reborn. Puttabhariyaṁ, bhikkhave, jarādhammaṁ, dāsidāsaṁ jarādhammaṁ, ajeḷakaṁ jarādhammaṁ, kukkuṭasūkaraṁ jarādhammaṁ, hatthigavāssavaḷavaṁ jarādhammaṁ, jātarūparajataṁ jarādhammaṁ. Partners and children, male and female bondservants, goats and sheep, chickens and pigs, elephants and cattle, and gold and money are liable to grow old. Puttabhariyaṁ, bhikkhave, byādhidhammaṁ, dāsidāsaṁ byādhidhammaṁ, ajeḷakaṁ byādhidhammaṁ, kukkuṭasūkaraṁ byādhidhammaṁ, hatthigavāssavaḷavaṁ byādhidhammaṁ. Partners and children, male and female bondservants, goats and sheep, chickens and pigs, and elephants and cattle are liable to fall sick. Puttabhariyaṁ, bhikkhave, maraṇadhammaṁ, dāsidāsaṁ maraṇadhammaṁ, ajeḷakaṁ maraṇadhammaṁ, kukkuṭasūkaraṁ maraṇadhammaṁ, hatthigavāssavaḷavaṁ maraṇadhammaṁ. Partners and children, male and female bondservants, goats and sheep, chickens and pigs, and elephants and cattle are liable to die. Puttabhariyaṁ, bhikkhave, sokadhammaṁ, dāsidāsaṁ sokadhammaṁ, ajeḷakaṁ sokadhammaṁ, kukkuṭasūkaraṁ sokadhammaṁ, hatthigavāssavaḷavaṁ sokadhammaṁ. Partners and children, male and female bondservants, goats and sheep, chickens and pigs, and elephants and cattle are liable to sorrow. Puttabhariyaṁ, bhikkhave, saṅkilesadhammaṁ, dāsidāsaṁ saṅkilesadhammaṁ, ajeḷakaṁ saṅkilesadhammaṁ, kukkuṭasūkaraṁ saṅkilesadhammaṁ, hatthigavāssavaḷavaṁ saṅkilesadhammaṁ, jātarūparajataṁ saṅkilesadhammaṁ. Partners and children, male and female bondservants, goats and sheep, chickens and pigs, elephants and cattle, and gold and money are liable to corruption.
Cūḷahatthipadopamasutta The Shorter Simile of the Elephant’s Footprint “Seyyathāpi, bho, kusalo nāgavaniko nāgavanaṁ paviseyya. “Suppose that a skilled bull elephant tracker were to enter a bull elephant wood. So passeyya nāgavane mahantaṁ hatthipadaṁ, dīghato ca āyataṁ, tiriyañca vitthataṁ. There he’d see a large elephant’s footprint, long and broad. ‘mahā vata bho nāgo’ti. ‘This must be a big bull elephant.’ “na kho, brāhmaṇa, ettāvatā hatthipadopamo vitthārena paripūro hoti. “Brahmin, the simile of the elephant’s footprint is not yet completed in detail. “Seyyathāpi, brāhmaṇa, nāgavaniko nāgavanaṁ paviseyya. “Suppose a bull elephant tracker were to enter a bull elephant wood. So passeyya nāgavane mahantaṁ hatthipadaṁ, dīghato ca āyataṁ, tiriyañca vitthataṁ. There they’d see a large elephant’s footprint, long and broad. Yo hoti kusalo nāgavaniko neva tāva niṭṭhaṁ gacchati: A skilled bull elephant tracker does not yet come to the conclusion, ‘mahā vata bho nāgo’ti. ‘This must be a big bull elephant.’ Santi hi, brāhmaṇa, nāgavane vāmanikā nāma hatthiniyo mahāpadā, tāsaṁ petaṁ padaṁ assāti. Because in an elephant wood there are dwarf cow elephants with big footprints, and this footprint might be one of theirs. Yo hoti kusalo nāgavaniko neva tāva niṭṭhaṁ gacchati: A skilled bull elephant tracker does not yet come to the conclusion, ‘mahā vata bho nāgo’ti. ‘This must be a big bull elephant.’ Santi hi, brāhmaṇa, nāgavane uccā kāḷārikā nāma hatthiniyo mahāpadā, tāsaṁ petaṁ padaṁ assāti. Because in an elephant wood there are tall lofty cow elephants with big footprints, and this footprint might be one of theirs. Yo hoti kusalo nāgavaniko neva tāva niṭṭhaṁ gacchati: A skilled bull elephant tracker does not yet come to the conclusion, ‘mahā vata bho nāgo’ti. ‘This must be a big bull elephant.’ Santi hi, brāhmaṇa, nāgavane uccā kaṇerukā nāma hatthiniyo mahāpadā, tāsaṁ petaṁ padaṁ assāti. Because in an elephant wood there are tall matriarch cow elephants with big footprints, and this footprint might be one of theirs. Tañca nāgaṁ passati rukkhamūlagataṁ vā abbhokāsagataṁ vā gacchantaṁ vā tiṭṭhantaṁ vā nisinnaṁ vā nipannaṁ vā. And they see that bull elephant walking, standing, sitting, or lying down at the root of a tree or in the open. ‘ayameva so mahānāgo’ti. ‘This is that big bull elephant.’ hatthigavāssavaḷavapaṭiggahaṇā paṭivirato hoti, elephants, cows, horses, and mares, Ettāvatā kho, brāhmaṇa, hatthipadopamo vitthārena paripūro hotī”ti. And it is at this point that the simile of the elephant’s footprint has been completed in detail.”
Mahāhatthipadopamasutta The Longer Simile of the Elephant’s Footprint “Seyyathāpi, āvuso, yāni kānici jaṅgalānaṁ pāṇānaṁ padajātāni sabbāni tāni hatthipade samodhānaṁ gacchanti, hatthipadaṁ tesaṁ aggamakkhāyati yadidaṁ mahantattena; “The footprints of all creatures that walk can fit inside an elephant’s footprint, so an elephant’s footprint is said to be the biggest of them all.
Seyyathāpi nāma kuñjaro saṭṭhihāyano gambhīraṁ pokkharaṇiṁ ogāhetvā sāṇadhovikaṁ nāma kīḷitajātaṁ kīḷati; I’ll play a game of ear-washing with the ascetic Gotama, like a sixty-year-old elephant would plunge into a deep lotus pond and play a game of ear-washing! Siyā hi, bho gotama, hatthiṁ pabhinnaṁ āsajja purisassa sotthibhāvo, na tveva bhavantaṁ gotamaṁ āsajja siyā purisassa sotthibhāvo. For a person might find safety after attacking a rutting elephant, but not after attacking Master Gotama.
Atha kho, pāpima, kakusandho bhagavā arahaṁ sammāsambuddho nāgāpalokitaṁ apalokesi: Then the Buddha Kakusandha turned to gaze back, the way that elephants do, saying,
Atha kho pesso ca hatthārohaputto kandarako ca paribbājako yena bhagavā tenupasaṅkamiṁsu; upasaṅkamitvā pesso hatthārohaputto bhagavantaṁ abhivādetvā ekamantaṁ nisīdi. Then Pessa the elephant driver’s son and Kandaraka the wanderer went to see the Buddha. When they had approached, Pessa bowed and sat down to one side. pesso → peyo (mr) Ahañhi, bhante, pahomi hatthidammaṁ sāretuṁ. For I can drive an elephant in training, Atha kho pesso hatthārohaputto bhagavato bhāsitaṁ abhinanditvā anumoditvā uṭṭhāyāsanā bhagavantaṁ abhivādetvā padakkhiṇaṁ katvā pakkāmi. And then Pessa the elephant driver’s son approved and agreed with what the Buddha said. He got up from his seat, bowed, and respectfully circled the Buddha, keeping him on his right, before leaving. “paṇḍito, bhikkhave, pesso hatthārohaputto; “Mendicants, Pessa the elephant driver’s son is astute. hatthigavassavaḷavapaṭiggahaṇā paṭivirato hoti; elephants, cows, horses, and mares,
Seyyathāpi nāma kuñjaro saṭṭhihāyano gambhīraṁ pokkharaṇiṁ ogāhetvā sāṇadhovikaṁ nāma kīḷitajātaṁ kīḷati; evamevāhaṁ samaṇaṁ gotamaṁ sāṇadhovikaṁ maññe kīḷitajātaṁ kīḷissāmi. I’ll play a game of ear-washing with the ascetic Gotama, like a sixty-year-old elephant would plunge into a deep lotus pond and play a game of ear-washing!
Seyyathāpi, rāhula, rañño nāgo īsādanto urūḷhavā abhijāto saṅgāmāvacaro saṅgāmagato purimehipi pādehi kammaṁ karoti, pacchimehipi pādehi kammaṁ karoti, purimenapi kāyena kammaṁ karoti, pacchimenapi kāyena kammaṁ karoti, sīsenapi kammaṁ karoti, kaṇṇehipi kammaṁ karoti, dantehipi kammaṁ karoti, naṅguṭṭhenapi kammaṁ karoti; rakkhateva soṇḍaṁ. Suppose there was a royal bull elephant with tusks like chariot-poles, able to draw a heavy load, pedigree and battle-hardened. In battle it uses its fore-feet and hind-feet, its fore-quarters and hind-quarters, its head, ears, tusks, and tail, but it still protects its trunk. urūḷhavā → ubbūḷhavā (bj, pts1ed); uruḷhavā (sya-all) ‘ayaṁ kho rañño nāgo īsādanto urūḷhavā abhijāto saṅgāmāvacaro saṅgāmagato purimehipi pādehi kammaṁ karoti, pacchimehipi pādehi kammaṁ karoti …pe… naṅguṭṭhenapi kammaṁ karoti; rakkhateva soṇḍaṁ. ‘This royal bull elephant still protects its trunk. Yato kho, rāhula, rañño nāgo īsādanto urūḷhavā abhijāto saṅgāmāvacaro saṅgāmagato purimehipi pādehi kammaṁ karoti, pacchimehipi pādehi kammaṁ karoti …pe… naṅguṭṭhenapi kammaṁ karoti, soṇḍāyapi kammaṁ karoti, tattha hatthārohassa evaṁ hoti: But when that royal bull elephant … in battle uses its fore-feet and hind-feet, its fore-quarters and hind-quarters, its head, ears, tusks, and tail, and its trunk, its rider thinks: ‘ayaṁ kho rañño nāgo īsādanto urūḷhavā abhijāto saṅgāmāvacaro saṅgāmagato purimehipi pādehi kammaṁ karoti, pacchimehipi pādehi kammaṁ karoti, purimenapi kāyena kammaṁ karoti, pacchimenapi kāyena kammaṁ karoti, sīsenapi kammaṁ karoti, kaṇṇehipi kammaṁ karoti, dantehipi kammaṁ karoti, naṅguṭṭhenapi kammaṁ karoti, soṇḍāyapi kammaṁ karoti. ‘This royal bull elephant … in battle uses its fore-feet and hind-feet, its fore-quarters and hind-quarters, its head, ears, tusks, and tail, and its trunk. Natthi dāni kiñci rañño nāgassa akaraṇīyan’ti. Now there is nothing that royal bull elephant would not do.’
seyyathāpi, udāyi, rañño nāgo īsādanto urūḷhavā abhijāto saṅgāmāvacaro daḷhehi varattehi bandhanehi baddho īsakaṁyeva kāyaṁ sannāmetvā tāni bandhanāni saṁchinditvā sampadāletvā yena kāmaṁ pakkamati. Suppose there was a royal bull elephant with tusks like chariot-poles, able to draw a heavy load, pedigree and battle-hardened. And it was bound with a strong harness. But just by twisting its body a little, it would break apart its bonds and go wherever it wants. ‘yehi so rañño nāgo īsādanto urūḷhavā abhijāto saṅgāmāvacaro daḷhehi varattehi bandhanehi baddho īsakaṁyeva kāyaṁ sannāmetvā tāni bandhanāni saṁchinditvā sampadāletvā yena kāmaṁ pakkamati, tañhi tassa balavaṁ bandhanaṁ, daḷhaṁ bandhanaṁ, thiraṁ bandhanaṁ, apūtikaṁ bandhanaṁ, thūlo, kaliṅgaro’ti; for that bull elephant, that strong harness is a strong, firm, stout bond, a tie that has not rotted, and a heavy yoke?” Yehi so, bhante, rañño nāgo īsādanto urūḷhavā abhijāto saṅgāmāvacaro daḷhehi varattehi bandhanehi baddho īsakaṁyeva kāyaṁ sannāmetvā tāni bandhanāni saṁchinditvā sampadāletvā yena kāmaṁ pakkamati, tañhi tassa abalaṁ bandhanaṁ …pe… asārakaṁ bandhanan”ti. For that bull elephant, that strong harness is weak, feeble, rotten, and insubstantial.”
So suññampi agāraṁ pavisati, piṇḍampi na labhati, kukkuropi ḍaṁsati, caṇḍenapi hatthinā samāgacchati, caṇḍenapi assena samāgacchati, caṇḍenapi goṇena samāgacchati, itthiyāpi purisassapi nāmampi gottampi pucchati, gāmassapi nigamassapi nāmampi maggampi pucchati. They enter an empty house; they gets no almsfood; a dog bites them; they encounters a wild elephant, a wild horse, and a wild cow; they ask the name and clan of a woman or man; they ask the name and path to a village or town. So ‘kimidan’ti puṭṭho samāno ‘suññaṁ me agāraṁ pavisitabbaṁ ahosi’, tena pāvisiṁ; ‘piṇḍampi aladdhabbaṁ ahosi’, tena nālatthaṁ; ‘kukkurena ḍaṁsitabbaṁ ahosi’, tenamhi daṭṭho; ‘caṇḍena hatthinā samāgantabbaṁ ahosi’, tena samāgamiṁ; ‘caṇḍena assena samāgantabbaṁ ahosi’, tena samāgamiṁ; ‘caṇḍena goṇena samāgantabbaṁ ahosi’, tena samāgamiṁ; ‘itthiyāpi purisassapi nāmampi gottampi pucchitabbaṁ ahosi’, tena pucchiṁ; ‘gāmassapi nigamassapi nāmampi maggampi pucchitabbaṁ ahosi’, tena pucchinti. When asked, ‘Why is this?’ they answer: ‘I had to enter an empty house, that’s why I entered it. I had to get no almsfood, that’s why I got none. I had to get bitten by a dog, that’s why I was bitten. I had to encounter a wild elephant, a wild horse, and a wild cow, that’s why I encountered them. I had to ask the name and clan of a woman or man, that’s why I asked. I had to ask the name and path to a village or town, that’s why I asked.’ tenamhi → tena (mr); tenāsiṁ (?)
“idha bhavaṁ raṭṭhapālo hatthatthare nisīdatū”ti. “Here, Master Raṭṭhapāla, sit on this elephant rug.” hatthatthare → kaṭṭhatthare (sya-all, km) tvaṁ vīsativassuddesikopi paṇṇavīsativassuddesikopi hatthismimpi katāvī assasmimpi katāvī rathasmimpi katāvī dhanusmimpi katāvī tharusmimpi katāvī ūrubalī bāhubalī alamatto saṅgāmāvacaro”ti? When you were twenty or twenty-five years of age, were you proficient at riding elephants, horses, and chariots, and at archery and swordsmanship? Were you strong in thigh and arm, capable, and battle-hardened?” Saṁvijjante kho, bho raṭṭhapāla, imasmiṁ rājakule hatthikāyāpi assakāyāpi rathakāyāpi pattikāyāpi, amhākaṁ āpadāsu pariyodhāya vattissanti. In this royal court you can find divisions of elephants, cavalry, chariots, and infantry. They will serve to defend us from any threats. Yet you said: Bahū tattha hatthikāyā assakāyā rathakāyā pattikāyā; They have many divisions of elephants, cavalry, chariots, and infantry.
kusalo tvaṁ hatthārūḷhe aṅkusagayhe sippe”ti? Are you skilled in the art of wielding a hooked goad while riding an elephant?” aṅkusagayhe → aṅkusagaṇhe (sya-all, km) | hatthārūḷhe → hatthāruyhe (bj); haṭṭhārūyhe (pts1ed) ‘bodhi rājakumāro hatthārūḷhaṁ aṅkusagayhaṁ sippaṁ jānāti; ‘Prince Bodhi knows the art of wielding a hooked goad while riding an elephant. api nu so puriso tava santike hatthārūḷhaṁ aṅkusagayhaṁ sippaṁ sikkheyyā”ti? Could that man still train under you in the art of wielding a hooked goad while riding an elephant?” ‘bodhi rājakumāro hatthārūḷhaṁ aṅkusagayhaṁ sippaṁ jānāti; ‘Prince Bodhi knows the art of wielding a hooked goad while riding an elephant. api nu so puriso tava santike hatthārūḷhaṁ aṅkusagayhaṁ sippaṁ sikkheyyā”ti? Could that man still train under you in the art of wielding a hooked goad while riding an elephant?”
Tena kho pana samayena rājā pasenadi kosalo ekapuṇḍarīkaṁ nāgaṁ abhiruhitvā sāvatthiyā niyyāti divā divassa. Now at that time King Pasenadi of Kosala mounted the Single Lotus Elephant and drove out from Sāvatthī in the middle of the day. Atha kho rājā pasenadi kosalo yāvatikā nāgassa bhūmi nāgena gantvā nāgā paccorohitvā pattikova yenāyasmā ānando tenupasaṅkami; upasaṅkamitvā āyasmantaṁ ānandaṁ abhivādetvā ekamantaṁ aṭṭhāsi. Ekamantaṁ ṭhito kho rājā pasenadi kosalo āyasmantaṁ ānandaṁ etadavoca: Then King Pasenadi rode on the elephant as far as the terrain allowed, then descended and approached Ānanda on foot. He bowed, stood to one side, and said to Ānanda, Atha kho rājā pasenadi kosalo yāvatikā nāgassa bhūmi nāgena gantvā nāgā paccorohitvā pattikova yenāyasmā ānando tenupasaṅkami; upasaṅkamitvā āyasmantaṁ ānandaṁ abhivādetvā ekamantaṁ aṭṭhāsi. Ekamantaṁ ṭhito kho rājā pasenadi kosalo āyasmantaṁ ānandaṁ etadavoca: Then King Pasenadi rode on the elephant as far as the terrain allowed, then descended and approached Ānanda on foot. He bowed, stood to one side, and said to Ānanda, “idha, bhante, āyasmā ānando hatthatthare nisīdatū”ti. “Here, Venerable Ānanda, sit on this elephant rug.” Sace, bhante, āyasmato ānandassa hatthiratanaṁ kappeyya, hatthiratanampi mayaṁ āyasmato ānandassa dadeyyāma. if an elephant-treasure was suitable for you, I would give you one.
Seyyathāpissu, mahārāja, dve hatthidammā vā assadammā vā godammā vā sudantā suvinītā, dve hatthidammā vā assadammā vā godammā vā adantā avinītā. Suppose there was a pair of elephants or horses or oxen in training who were well tamed and well trained. And there was a pair who were not tamed or trained.
cakkaratanaṁ, hatthiratanaṁ, assaratanaṁ, maṇiratanaṁ, itthiratanaṁ, gahapatiratanaṁ, pariṇāyakaratanameva sattamaṁ. the wheel, the elephant, the horse, the jewel, the woman, the treasurer, and the counselor as the seventh treasure.
cakkaratanaṁ, hatthiratanaṁ, assaratanaṁ, maṇiratanaṁ, itthiratanaṁ, gahapatiratanaṁ, pariṇāyakaratanameva sattamaṁ. the wheel, the elephant, the horse, the jewel, the woman, the treasurer, and the counselor as the seventh treasure.
Seyyathāpi, ānanda, ayaṁ migāramātupāsādo suñño hatthigavassavaḷavena, suñño jātarūparajatena, suñño itthipurisasannipātena atthi cevidaṁ asuññataṁ yadidaṁ— Consider this stilt longhouse of Migāra’s mother. It’s empty of elephants, cows, horses, and mares; of gold and money; and of gatherings of men and women.
Seyyathāpissu, aggivessana, dve hatthidammā vā assadammā vā godammā vā sudantā suvinītā, dve hatthidammā vā assadammā vā godammā vā adantā avinītā. Suppose there was a pair of elephants or horse or oxen in training who were well tamed and well trained. And there was a pair who were not tamed or trained. “Seyyathāpi, aggivessana, rājā khattiyo muddhāvasitto nāgavanikaṁ āmanteti: “Suppose, Aggivessana, an anointed aristocratic king was to address his elephant tracker, ‘ehi tvaṁ, samma nāgavanika, rañño nāgaṁ abhiruhitvā nāgavanaṁ pavisitvā āraññakaṁ nāgaṁ atipassitvā rañño nāgassa gīvāyaṁ upanibandhāhī’ti. ‘Please, my good elephant tracker, mount the royal bull elephant and enter the elephant wood. When you see a wild bull elephant, tether it by the neck to the royal elephant.’ ‘Evaṁ, devā’ti kho, aggivessana, nāgavaniko rañño khattiyassa muddhāvasittassa paṭissutvā rañño nāgaṁ abhiruhitvā nāgavanaṁ pavisitvā āraññakaṁ nāgaṁ atipassitvā rañño nāgassa gīvāyaṁ upanibandhati. ‘Yes, Your Majesty,’ replied the elephant tracker, and did as he was asked. kho → kho te (sya-all, km, mr) Tamenaṁ rañño nāgo abbhokāsaṁ nīharati. The royal elephant leads the wild elephant out into the open; Etthagedhā hi, aggivessana, āraññakā nāgā yadidaṁ—nāgavanaṁ. for a wild bull elephant clings to the elephant wood. Tamenaṁ nāgavaniko rañño khattiyassa muddhāvasittassa ārocesi: Then the elephant tracker informs the king, ‘abbhokāsagato kho, deva, āraññako nāgo’ti. ‘Sire, the wild elephant has come out into the open.’ Atha kho aggivessana, tamenaṁ rājā khattiyo muddhāvasitto hatthidamakaṁ āmantesi: Then the king addresses his elephant trainer, ‘ehi tvaṁ, samma hatthidamaka, āraññakaṁ nāgaṁ damayāhi āraññakānañceva sīlānaṁ abhinimmadanāya āraññakānañceva sarasaṅkappānaṁ abhinimmadanāya āraññakānañceva darathakilamathapariḷāhānaṁ abhinimmadanāya gāmante abhiramāpanāya manussakantesu sīlesu samādapanāyā’ti. ‘Please, my good elephant trainer, tame the wild bull elephant. Subdue its wild behaviors, its wild memories and thoughts, and its wild stress, weariness, and fever. Make it happy to be within a village, and instill behaviors congenial to humans.’ samādapanāyā’ti → samādāpanāyāti (?) ‘Evaṁ, devā’ti kho, aggivessana, hatthidamako rañño khattiyassa muddhāvasittassa paṭissutvā mahantaṁ thambhaṁ pathaviyaṁ nikhaṇitvā āraññakassa nāgassa gīvāyaṁ upanibandhati āraññakānañceva sīlānaṁ abhinimmadanāya āraññakānañceva sarasaṅkappānaṁ abhinimmadanāya āraññakānañceva darathakilamathapariḷāhānaṁ abhinimmadanāya gāmante abhiramāpanāya manussakantesu sīlesu samādapanāya. ‘Yes, Your Majesty,’ replied the elephant trainer. He dug a large post into the earth and tethered the elephant to it by the neck, so as to subdue its wild behaviors, its wild memories and thoughts, and its wild stress, weariness, and fever, and to make it happy to be within a village, and instill behaviors congenial to humans. Yato kho, aggivessana, āraññako nāgo hatthidamakassa yā sā vācā nelā kaṇṇasukhā pemanīyā hadayaṅgamā porī bahujanakantā bahujanamanāpā tathārūpāhi vācāhi samudācariyamāno sussūsati, sotaṁ odahati, aññā cittaṁ upaṭṭhāpeti; Spoken to in such a way by the elephant trainer, the wild elephant wanted to listen. It actively listened and tried to understand. tamenaṁ hatthidamako uttari tiṇaghāsodakaṁ anuppavecchati. So the elephant trainer rewards it with grass, fodder, and water. Yato kho, aggivessana, āraññako nāgo hatthidamakassa tiṇaghāsodakaṁ paṭiggaṇhāti, tatra hatthidamakassa evaṁ hoti: When the wild elephant accepts the grass, fodder, and water, the trainer knows, kho → nu kho (si, mr) ‘jīvissati kho dāni āraññako nāgo’ti. ‘Now the wild elephant will survive!’ Yato kho, aggivessana, āraññako nāgo hatthidamakassa ādānanikkhepe vacanakaro hoti ovādappaṭikaro, tamenaṁ hatthidamako uttari kāraṇaṁ kāreti: When the wild elephant picks up and puts down when the trainer says, following instructions, the trainer sets it a further task: Yato kho, aggivessana, āraññako nāgo hatthidamakassa abhikkamapaṭikkamavacanakaro hoti ovādappaṭikaro, tamenaṁ hatthidamako uttari kāraṇaṁ kāreti: When the wild elephant goes forward and back when the trainer says, following instructions, the trainer sets it a further task: Yato kho, aggivessana, āraññako nāgo hatthidamakassa uṭṭhānanisajjāya vacanakaro hoti ovādappaṭikaro, tamenaṁ hatthidamako uttari āneñjaṁ nāma kāraṇaṁ kāreti, mahantassa phalakaṁ soṇḍāya upanibandhati, tomarahattho ca puriso uparigīvāya nisinno hoti, samantato ca tomarahatthā purisā parivāretvā ṭhitā honti, hatthidamako ca dīghatomarayaṭṭhiṁ gahetvā purato ṭhito hoti. When the wild elephant stands and sits when the trainer says, following instructions, the trainer sets the task called imperturbability. He fastens a large plank to its trunk; a lancer sits on its neck; other lancers surround it on all sides; and the trainer himself stands in front with a long lance. So hoti āraññako nāgo khamo sattippahārānaṁ asippahārānaṁ usuppahārānaṁ sarapattappahārānaṁ bheripaṇavavaṁsasaṅkhaḍiṇḍimaninnādasaddānaṁ sabbavaṅkadosanihitaninnītakasāvo rājāraho rājabhoggo rañño aṅganteva saṅkhaṁ gacchati. The wild bull elephant endures being struck by spears, swords, arrows, and axes; it endures the thunder of the drums, kettledrums, horns, and cymbals. Rid of all crooks and flaws, and purged of defects, it is worthy of a king, fit to serve a king, and considered a factor of kingship. Seyyathāpi, aggivessana, hatthidamako mahantaṁ thambhaṁ pathaviyaṁ nikhaṇitvā āraññakassa nāgassa gīvāyaṁ upanibandhati āraññakānañceva sīlānaṁ abhinimmadanāya āraññakānañceva sarasaṅkappānaṁ abhinimmadanāya āraññakānañceva darathakilamathapariḷāhānaṁ abhinimmadanāya gāmante abhiramāpanāya manussakantesu sīlesu samādapanāya; It’s like when the elephant trainer dug a large post into the earth and tethered the elephant to it by the neck, so as to subdue its wild behaviors, its wild memories and thoughts, and its wild stress, weariness, and fever, and to make it happy to be within a village, and instill behaviors congenial to humans. Mahallako cepi, aggivessana, rañño nāgo adanto avinīto kālaṁ karoti, ‘adantamaraṇaṁ mahallako rañño nāgo kālaṅkato’tveva saṅkhaṁ gacchati; If a royal bull elephant passes away untamed and untrained—whether in their old age, middle age, or youth—they’re considered a royal bull elephant who passed away untamed. adantamaraṇaṁ → adantaṁ maraṇaṁ (mr) " Mahallako cepi, aggivessana, rañño nāgo sudanto suvinīto kālaṁ karoti, ‘dantamaraṇaṁ mahallako rañño nāgo kālaṅkato’tveva saṅkhaṁ gacchati; If a royal bull elephant passes away tamed and trained—whether in their old age, middle age, or youth—they’re considered a royal bull elephant who passed away tamed.
Hatthī assā goṇā gadrabhā ajā migā, ye vā panaññepi keci tiracchānagatā pāṇā tiṇabhakkhā. Elephants, horses, cattle, donkeys, goats, deer, and various others. Puna caparaṁ, bhikkhave, rañño cakkavattissa hatthiratanaṁ pātubhavati— Next, the elephant-treasure appears to the wheel-turning monarch. sabbaseto sattappatiṭṭho iddhimā vehāsaṅgamo uposatho nāma nāgarājā. It was an all-white sky-walker with psychic power, touching the ground in seven places, a king of elephants named Sabbath. ‘bhaddakaṁ vata bho hatthiyānaṁ, sace damathaṁ upeyyā’ti. ‘This would truly be a fine elephant vehicle, if he would submit to taming.’ Atha kho taṁ, bhikkhave, hatthiratanaṁ seyyathāpi nāma bhaddo hatthājānīyo dīgharattaṁ suparidanto evameva damathaṁ upeti. Then the elephant-treasure submitted to taming, as if he were a fine thoroughbred elephant that had been tamed for a long time. Bhūtapubbaṁ, bhikkhave, rājā cakkavattī tameva hatthiratanaṁ vīmaṁsamāno pubbaṇhasamayaṁ abhiruhitvā samuddapariyantaṁ pathaviṁ anusaṁyāyitvā tameva rājadhāniṁ paccāgantvā pātarāsamakāsi. Once it so happened that the wheel-turning monarch, testing that same elephant-treasure, mounted him in the morning and traversed the land surrounded by ocean before returning to the royal capital in time for breakfast. Rañño, bhikkhave, cakkavattissa evarūpaṁ hatthiratanaṁ pātubhavati. Such is the elephant-treasure that appears to the wheel-turning monarch.
Hatthidamakena, bhikkhave, hatthidammo sārito ekaṁyeva disaṁ dhāvati— Driven by an elephant trainer, an elephant in training proceeds in just one direction:
“nāgo vata, bho, samaṇo gotamo; “The ascetic Gotama is such an elephant, sir! nāgavatā ca samuppannā sārīrikā vedanā dukkhā tibbā kharā kaṭukā asātā amanāpā sato sampajāno adhivāseti avihaññamāno”ti. And as an elephant, he endures painful physical feelings that have come up—sharp, severe, acute, unpleasant, and disagreeable—unbothered, with mindfulness and situational awareness.” Yo evarūpaṁ purisanāgaṁ purisasīhaṁ purisaājānīyaṁ purisanisabhaṁ purisadhorayhaṁ purisadantaṁ atikkamitabbaṁ maññeyya kimaññatra adassanā”ti. If anyone imagines that they can overcome such an elephant of a man, a lion of a man, a thoroughbred of a man, a chief bull of a man, a behemoth of a man, a tamed man—what is that but a failure to see?”
Kiñcāpi te hatthikāyo vā rakkheyya, assakāyo vā rakkheyya, rathakāyo vā rakkheyya, pattikāyo vā rakkheyya; Even if they’re protected by a company of elephants, cavalry, chariots, or infantry, Kiñcāpi te neva hatthikāyo rakkheyya, na assakāyo rakkheyya, na rathakāyo rakkheyya, na pattikāyo rakkheyya; Even if they’re not protected by a company of elephants, cavalry, chariots, or infantry,
Yannūnāhaṁ rañño māgadhassa ajātasattuno vedehiputtassa sabbaṁ hatthikāyaṁ pariyādiyitvā sabbaṁ assakāyaṁ pariyādiyitvā sabbaṁ rathakāyaṁ pariyādiyitvā sabbaṁ pattikāyaṁ pariyādiyitvā jīvantameva naṁ osajjeyyan”ti. Now that I’ve vanquished all of Ajātasattu’s elephant troops, cavalry, chariots, and infantry, why don’t I let him loose with just his life?” osajjeyyan”ti → ossajjeyyanti (bj, sya-all, km, pts1ed, pts2ed)
Seyyathāpi, mahārāja, yāni kānici jaṅgalānaṁ pāṇānaṁ padajātāni, sabbāni tāni hatthipade samodhānaṁ gacchanti, hatthipadaṁ tesaṁ aggamakkhāyati—yadidaṁ mahantattena; The footprints of all creatures that walk can fit inside an elephant’s footprint. So an elephant’s footprint is said to be the biggest of them all. jaṅgalānaṁ → jaṅgamānaṁ (bj, pts1ed) "
Seyyathāpi, mahārāja, puriso pathaviyā vā pallaṅkaṁ āroheyya, pallaṅkā vā assapiṭṭhiṁ āroheyya, assapiṭṭhiyā vā hatthikkhandhaṁ āroheyya, hatthikkhandhā vā pāsādaṁ āroheyya. This person is like someone who ascends from the ground to a couch; from a couch to horseback; from horseback to an elephant; and from an elephant to a stilt longhouse. Seyyathāpi, mahārāja, puriso pāsādā vā hatthikkhandhaṁ oroheyya, hatthikkhandhā vā assapiṭṭhiṁ oroheyya, assapiṭṭhiyā vā pallaṅkaṁ oroheyya, pallaṅkā vā pathaviṁ oroheyya, pathaviyā vā andhakāraṁ paviseyya. This person is like someone who descends from a stilt longhouse to an elephant; from an elephant to horseback; from horseback to a couch; and from a couch to the ground; and from the ground they enter darkness. Seyyathāpi, mahārāja, puriso pallaṅkā vā pallaṅkaṁ saṅkameyya, assapiṭṭhiyā vā assapiṭṭhiṁ saṅkameyya, hatthikkhandhā vā hatthikkhandhaṁ saṅkameyya, pāsādā vā pāsādaṁ saṅkameyya. This person is like someone who shifts from one couch to another; from the back of one horse to another; from one elephant to another; or from one stilt longhouse to another.
Hatthiratanena cepāhaṁ, bhante, labheyyaṁ ‘mā me ayyikā kālamakāsī’ti, hatthiratanampāhaṁ dadeyyaṁ: If by giving away the elephant-treasure I could get my grandmother back, I’d do it.
Yāni tāni, bhante, raññaṁ khattiyānaṁ muddhāvasittānaṁ issariyamadamattānaṁ kāmagedhapariyuṭṭhitānaṁ janapadatthāvariyappattānaṁ mahantaṁ pathavimaṇḍalaṁ abhivijiya ajjhāvasantānaṁ hatthiyuddhāni bhavanti; Sir, there are anointed aristocratic kings who are infatuated with authority, and obsessed with greed for sensual pleasures. They have attained stability in the country, occupying a vast conquered territory. Such kings engage in battles of elephants, Na tattha hatthīnaṁ bhūmi, There’s nowhere for elephants to take a stand,
Hatthirājavaṇṇasutta In the Form of an Elephant King Hatthirājavaṇṇasutta → nāgasuttaṁ (bj, sya-all); nāgo (pts1ed) Atha kho māro pāpimā bhagavato bhayaṁ chambhitattaṁ lomahaṁsaṁ uppādetukāmo mahantaṁ hatthirājavaṇṇaṁ abhinimminitvā yena bhagavā tenupasaṅkami. Then Māra the Wicked, wanting to make the Buddha feel fear, terror, and goosebumps, manifested in the form of a huge elephant king and approached him.
Sattaratanaṁ vā, āvuso, nāgaṁ aḍḍhaṭṭhamaratanaṁ vā tālapattikāya chādetabbaṁ maññeyya, yo me cha abhiññā chādetabbaṁ maññeyyā”ti. Reverend, you might as well think to hide a bull elephant that’s three or three and a half meters tall behind a palm leaf as to hide my six insights.”
sattaratanaṁ vā, āvuso, nāgaṁ aḍḍhaṭṭhamaratanaṁ vā tālapattikāya chādetabbaṁ maññeyya, yo me cha abhiññā chādetabbaṁ maññeyyā”ti. Reverend, you might as well think to hide a bull elephant that’s three or three and a half meters tall behind a palm leaf as to hide my six insights.”
Nāgasutta A Bull Elephant Taṁ nāgā upanissāya viharanti. with bull elephants living nearby. Tesaṁyeva kho pana, bhikkhave, mahānāgānaṁ anusikkhamānā taruṇā bhiṅkacchāpā taṁ sarasiṁ ogāhetvā soṇḍāya bhisamuḷālaṁ abbuhetvā na suvikkhālitaṁ vikkhāletvā sakaddamaṁ asaṅkhāditvā ajjhoharanti. The young cubs, following the example of the great bull elephants, plunged into the lake and pulled up lotus bulbs with their trunks. But they didn’t wash them thoroughly, and while they were still muddy they chewed and swallowed them.
Yepi te, bhikkhave, rañño nāgā gāmanigamarājadhānīsu, daḷhehi varattehi baddhā, tepi tāni bandhanāni sañchinditvā sampadāletvā bhītā muttakarīsaṁ cajamānā, yena vā tena vā palāyanti. Even the royal elephants, bound with strong harness in the villages, towns, and capital cities, break apart their bonds, and urinate and defecate in terror as they flee here and there. cajamānā → mocantā (pts1ed, mr) "
Tassa mayhaṁ, bhikkhu, rañño sato khattiyassa muddhāvasittassa caturāsītināgasahassāni ahesuṁ sovaṇṇālaṅkārāni sovaṇṇaddhajāni hemajālapaṭicchannāni uposathanāgarājappamukhāni. I had 84,000 bull elephants with gold adornments and banners, covered with gold netting, with the royal bull elephant named Sabbath the foremost. Tesaṁ kho pana, bhikkhu, caturāsītiyā nāgasahassānaṁ ekoyeva so nāgo hoti yamahaṁ tena samayena abhiruhāmi—uposatho nāgarājā. Of those 84,000 bull elephants, I only rode one, the royal bull elephant named Sabbath.
Ekaṁ samayaṁ bhagavā vajjīsu viharati hatthigāme. At one time the Buddha was staying in the land of the Vajjis at Elephant Village. Atha kho uggo gahapati hatthigāmako yena bhagavā tenupasaṅkami; upasaṅkamitvā ekamantaṁ nisīdi. Ekamantaṁ nisinno kho uggo gahapati hatthigāmako bhagavantaṁ etadavoca: Then the householder Ugga of Elephant Village went up to the Buddha, sat down to one side, and said to him:
Hatthārohasutta An Elephant Warrior Hatthārohasutta → hatthi (pts1ed) " Atha kho hatthāroho gāmaṇi yena bhagavā tenupasaṅkami; upasaṅkamitvā …pe… Then an elephant warrior chief went up to the Buddha …
“Seyyathāpi, bhikkhave, yāni kānici jaṅgalānaṁ pāṇānaṁ padajātāni, sabbāni tāni hatthipade samodhānaṁ gacchanti; “The footprints of all creatures that walk can fit inside an elephant’s footprint. hatthipadaṁ tesaṁ aggamakkhāyati, yadidaṁ—mahantattena; So an elephant’s footprint is said to be the biggest of them all.
Cakkaratanassa pātubhāvo hoti, hatthiratanassa pātubhāvo hoti, assaratanassa pātubhāvo hoti, maṇiratanassa pātubhāvo hoti, itthiratanassa pātubhāvo hoti, gahapatiratanassa pātubhāvo hoti, pariṇāyakaratanassa pātubhāvo hoti. The wheel, the elephant, the horse, the jewel, the woman, the treasurer, and the counselor.
“Seyyathāpi, bhikkhave, yāni kānici jaṅgalānaṁ pāṇānaṁ padajātāni sabbāni tāni hatthipade samodhānaṁ gacchanti, hatthipadaṁ tesaṁ aggamakkhāyati, yadidaṁ—mahantattena; “The footprints of all creatures that walk can fit inside an elephant’s footprint, so an elephant’s footprint is said to be the biggest of them all. jaṅgalānaṁ → jaṅgamānaṁ (bj) " Seyyathāpi, bhikkhave, yāni kānici jaṅgalānaṁ pāṇānaṁ padajātāni sabbāni tāni hatthipade samodhānaṁ gacchanti, hatthipadaṁ tesaṁ aggamakkhāyati, yadidaṁ—mahantattena; The footprints of all creatures that walk can fit inside an elephant’s footprint, so an elephant’s footprint is said to be the biggest of them all.
“Idha mayaṁ, bhante, yadā rājā pasenadi kosalo uyyānabhūmiṁ niyyātukāmo hoti, ye te rañño pasenadissa kosalassa nāgā opavayhā te kappetvā, yā tā rañño pasenadissa kosalassa pajāpatiyo piyā manāpā tā ekaṁ purato ekaṁ pacchato nisīdāpema. “Sir, it’s when King Pasenadi of Kosala wants to go and visit a park. We have to harness and prepare his royal elephants. Then we have to seat his dear and beloved wives on the elephants, one in front of us, and one behind. Tasmiṁ kho pana, bhante, samaye nāgopi rakkhitabbo hoti, tāpi bhaginiyo rakkhitabbā honti, attāpi rakkhitabbo hoti. Now at that time we must look after the elephants, the sisters, and ourselves.
Hatthigavassasutta Elephants and Cows Hatthigavassasutta → vaḷavāsuttaṁ (bj); hatthino (pts1ed) … “Evameva kho, bhikkhave, appakā te sattā ye hatthigavassavaḷavapaṭiggahaṇā paṭiviratā; atha kho eteva bahutarā sattā ye hatthigavassavaḷavapaṭiggahaṇā appaṭiviratā …pe…. “… the sentient beings who refrain from receiving elephants, cows, horses, and mares are few, while those who don’t refrain are many. …” hatthigavassavaḷavapaṭiggahaṇā → hatthigavassavaḷavāpaṭiggahaṇā (bj, sya-all, km, pts1ed, mr) "