‘kacci bahū manussā manussesu matteyyā petteyyā sāmaññā brahmaññā kule jeṭṭhāpacāyino uposathaṁ upavasanti paṭijāgaronti puññāni karontī’ti.   ‘Hopefully most humans are paying due respect to their parents, ascetics and brahmins, honoring the elders in their families, observing and keeping vigil on the sabbath, and making merit.’  
‘kacci bahū manussā manussesu matteyyā petteyyā sāmaññā brahmaññā kule jeṭṭhāpacāyino uposathaṁ upavasanti paṭijāgaronti puññāni karontī’ti.  
‘Hopefully most humans are paying due respect to their parents … and making merit.’  
Tadahu, bhikkhave, uposathe pannarase cattāro mahārājāno sāmaññeva imaṁ lokaṁ anuvicaranti:  
And on the fifteenth day sabbath, the Four Great Kings themselves wander about the world, thinking:  
‘kacci bahū manussā manussesu matteyyā petteyyā sāmaññā brahmaññā kule jeṭṭhāpacāyino uposathaṁ upavasanti paṭijāgaronti puññāni karontī’ti.  
‘Hopefully most humans are paying due respect to their parents … and making merit.’  
Sace, bhikkhave, appakā honti manussā manussesu matteyyā petteyyā sāmaññā brahmaññā kule jeṭṭhāpacāyino uposathaṁ upavasanti paṭijāgaronti puññāni karonti.  
If only a few humans are paying due respect to their parents … and making merit,  
‘appakā kho, mārisā, manussā manussesu matteyyā petteyyā sāmaññā brahmaññā kule jeṭṭhāpacāyino uposathaṁ upavasanti paṭijāgaronti puññāni karontī’ti.  
‘Only a few humans are paying due respect to their parents … and making merit.’  
Sace pana, bhikkhave, bahū honti manussā manussesu matteyyā petteyyā sāmaññā brahmaññā kule jeṭṭhāpacāyino uposathaṁ upavasanti paṭijāgaronti puññāni karonti.  
But if many humans are paying due respect to their parents … and making merit,  
‘bahū kho, mārisā, manussā manussesu matteyyā petteyyā sāmaññā brahmaññā kule jeṭṭhāpacāyino uposathaṁ upavasanti paṭijāgaronti puññāni karontī’ti.  
‘Many humans are paying due respect to their parents … and making merit.’  
Uposathaṁ upavaseyya,  
and the eighth day of the fortnight,  
Uposathaṁ upavaseyya,  
and the eighth day of the fortnight,  

Uposathaṁ upavaseyya,   and the eighth day of the fortnight,  
Uposathaṁ upavaseyya,  
and the eighth day of the fortnight,  

Uposathasutta   Sabbath  
Atha kho visākhā migāramātā tadahuposathe yena bhagavā tenupasaṅkami; upasaṅkamitvā bhagavantaṁ abhivādetvā ekamantaṁ nisīdi. Ekamantaṁ nisinnaṁ kho visākhaṁ migāramātaraṁ bhagavā etadavoca:  
Then Visākhā, Migāra’s mother, went up to the Buddha, bowed, and sat down to one side. The Buddha said to her,  
“Uposathāhaṁ, bhante, ajja upavasāmī”ti.  
“Today, sir, I’m observing the sabbath.”  
“Tayo khome, visākhe, uposathā.  
“There are, Visākhā, these three sabbaths.  
Gopālakuposatho, nigaṇṭhuposatho, ariyuposatho.  
The sabbath of the cowherds, the sabbath of the Jains, and the sabbath of the noble ones.  
Kathañca, visākhe, gopālakuposatho hoti?  
And what is the sabbath of the cowherds?  
evamevaṁ kho, visākhe, idhekacco uposathiko iti paṭisañcikkhati:  
In the same way, someone keeping the sabbath reflects:  
Evaṁ kho, visākhe, gopālakuposatho hoti.  
That’s the sabbath of the cowherds.  
Evaṁ upavuttho kho, visākhe, gopālakuposatho na mahapphalo hoti na mahānisaṁso na mahājutiko na mahāvipphāro.  
When the cowherd’s sabbath is observed like this it’s not very fruitful or beneficial or splendid or bountiful.  
Kathañca, visākhe, nigaṇṭhuposatho hoti?  
And what is the sabbath of the Jains?  
Te tadahuposathe sāvakaṁ evaṁ samādapenti:  
On the sabbath, they encourage their disciples:  
Evaṁ kho, visākhe, nigaṇṭhuposatho hoti.  
That’s the sabbath of the Jains.  
Evaṁ upavuttho kho, visākhe, nigaṇṭhuposatho na mahapphalo hoti na mahānisaṁso na mahājutiko na mahāvipphāro.  
When the Jain’s sabbath is observed like this it’s not very fruitful or beneficial or splendid or bountiful.  
Kathañca, visākhe, ariyuposatho hoti?  
And what is the sabbath of the noble ones?  
‘ariyasāvako brahmuposathaṁ upavasati, brahmunā saddhiṁ saṁvasati, brahmañcassa ārabbha cittaṁ pasīdati, pāmojjaṁ uppajjati, ye cittassa upakkilesā te pahīyanti’.  
‘A noble disciple who observes the sabbath of Brahmā, living together with Brahmā. And because they think of Brahmā their mind becomes clear, joy arises, and mental corruptions are given up.’  
Ayaṁ vuccati, visākhe, ‘ariyasāvako dhammuposathaṁ upavasati, dhammena saddhiṁ saṁvasati, dhammañcassa ārabbha cittaṁ pasīdati, pāmojjaṁ uppajjati, ye cittassa upakkilesā te pahīyanti’.  
This is called: ‘A noble disciple who observes the sabbath of Dhamma, living together with Dhamma. And because they think of the Dhamma their mind becomes clear, joy arises, and mental corruptions are given up.’  
Ayaṁ vuccati, visākhe, ‘ariyasāvako saṅghuposathaṁ upavasati, saṅghena saddhiṁ saṁvasati, saṅghañcassa ārabbha cittaṁ pasīdati, pāmojjaṁ uppajjati, ye cittassa upakkilesā te pahīyanti’.  
This is called: ‘A noble disciple who observes the sabbath of the Saṅgha, living together with the Saṅgha. And because they think of the Saṅgha their mind becomes clear, joy arises, and mental corruptions are given up.’  
Ayaṁ vuccati, visākhe, ‘ariyasāvako sīluposathaṁ upavasati, sīlena saddhiṁ saṁvasati, sīlañcassa ārabbha cittaṁ pasīdati, pāmojjaṁ uppajjati, ye cittassa upakkilesā te pahīyanti’.  
This is called: ‘A noble disciple who observes the sabbath of ethical conduct, living together with ethics. And because they think of their ethical conduct their mind becomes clear, joy arises, and mental corruptions are given up.’  
Ayaṁ vuccati, visākhe, ‘ariyasāvako devatuposathaṁ upavasati, devatāhi saddhiṁ saṁvasati, devatā ārabbha cittaṁ pasīdati, pāmojjaṁ uppajjati, ye cittassa upakkilesā te pahīyanti’.  
This is called: ‘A noble disciple who observes the sabbath of the deities, living together with the deities. And because they think of the deities their mind becomes clear, joy arises, and mental corruptions are given up.’  
Imināpi aṅgena arahataṁ anukaromi, uposatho ca me upavuttho bhavissati.  
I will observe the sabbath by doing as the perfected ones do in this respect.  
Imināpi aṅgena arahataṁ anukaromi, uposatho ca me upavuttho bhavissati.  
I will observe the sabbath by doing as the perfected ones do in this respect.  
Imināpi aṅgena arahataṁ anukaromi, uposatho ca me upavuttho bhavissati.  
I will observe the sabbath by doing as the perfected ones do in this respect.  
Imināpi aṅgena arahataṁ anukaromi, uposatho ca me upavuttho bhavissati.  
I will observe the sabbath by doing as the perfected ones do in this respect.  
Imināpi aṅgena arahataṁ anukaromi, uposatho ca me upavuttho bhavissati.  
I will observe the sabbath by doing as the perfected ones do in this respect.  
Imināpi aṅgena arahataṁ anukaromi, uposatho ca me upavuttho bhavissati.  
I will observe the sabbath by doing as the perfected ones do in this respect.  
Imināpi aṅgena arahataṁ anukaromi, uposatho ca me upavuttho bhavissati.  
I will observe the sabbath by doing as the perfected ones do in this respect.  
Imināpi aṅgena arahataṁ anukaromi, uposatho ca me upavuttho bhavissatī’ti.  
I will observe the sabbath by doing as the perfected ones do in this respect.’  
Evaṁ kho, visākhe, ariyuposatho hoti.  
That’s the sabbath of the noble ones.  
Evaṁ upavuttho kho, visākhe, ariyuposatho mahapphalo hoti mahānisaṁso mahājutiko mahāvipphāro.  
When the sabbath of the noble ones is observed like this it’s very fruitful and beneficial and splendid and bountiful.  
aṅgānaṁ, magadhānaṁ, kāsīnaṁ, kosalānaṁ, vajjīnaṁ, mallānaṁ, cetīnaṁ, vaṅgānaṁ, kurūnaṁ, pañcālānaṁ, macchānaṁ, sūrasenānaṁ, assakānaṁ, avantīnaṁ, gandhārānaṁ, kambojānaṁ, aṭṭhaṅgasamannāgatassa uposathassa etaṁ kalaṁ nāgghati soḷasiṁ.  
This wouldn’t be worth a sixteenth part of the sabbath with its eight factors.  
Ṭhānaṁ kho panetaṁ, visākhe, vijjati yaṁ idhekacco itthī vā puriso vā aṭṭhaṅgasamannāgataṁ uposathaṁ upavasitvā kāyassa bhedā paraṁ maraṇā cātumahārājikānaṁ devānaṁ sahabyataṁ upapajjeyya.  
It’s possible that a woman or man who has observed the eight-factored sabbath will—when their body breaks up, after death—be reborn in the company of the gods of the Four Great Kings.  
Ṭhānaṁ kho panetaṁ, visākhe, vijjati yaṁ idhekacco itthī vā puriso vā aṭṭhaṅgasamannāgataṁ uposathaṁ upavasitvā kāyassa bhedā paraṁ maraṇā tāvatiṁsānaṁ devānaṁ sahabyataṁ upapajjeyya.  
It’s possible that a woman or man who has observed the eight-factored sabbath will—when their body breaks up, after death—be reborn in the company of the Gods of the Thirty-Three.  
Ṭhānaṁ kho panetaṁ, visākhe, vijjati yaṁ idhekacco itthī vā puriso vā aṭṭhaṅgasamannāgataṁ uposathaṁ upavasitvā kāyassa bhedā paraṁ maraṇā yāmānaṁ devānaṁ sahabyataṁ upapajjeyya.  
It’s possible that a woman or man who has observed the eight-factored sabbath will—when their body breaks up, after death—be reborn in the company of the Gods of Yama.  
Ṭhānaṁ kho panetaṁ, visākhe, vijjati yaṁ idhekacco itthī vā puriso vā aṭṭhaṅgasamannāgataṁ uposathaṁ upavasitvā kāyassa bhedā paraṁ maraṇā tusitānaṁ devānaṁ sahabyataṁ upapajjeyya.  
It’s possible that a woman or man who has observed the eight-factored sabbath will—when their body breaks up, after death—be reborn in the company of the Joyful Gods.  
Ṭhānaṁ kho panetaṁ, visākhe, vijjati yaṁ idhekacco itthī vā puriso vā aṭṭhaṅgasamannāgataṁ uposathaṁ upavasitvā kāyassa bhedā paraṁ maraṇā nimmānaratīnaṁ devānaṁ sahabyataṁ upapajjeyya.  
It’s possible that a woman or man who has observed the eight-factored sabbath will—when their body breaks up, after death—be reborn in the company of the Gods Who Love to Create.  
Ṭhānaṁ kho panetaṁ, visākhe, vijjati yaṁ idhekacco itthī vā puriso vā aṭṭhaṅgasamannāgataṁ uposathaṁ upavasitvā kāyassa bhedā paraṁ maraṇā paranimmitavasavattīnaṁ devānaṁ sahabyataṁ upapajjeyya.  
It’s possible that a woman or man who has observed the eight-factored sabbath will—when their body breaks up, after death—be reborn in the company of the Gods Who Control the Creations of Others.  
Etañhi aṭṭhaṅgikamāhuposathaṁ,  
This is the eight-factored sabbath, they say,  
Aṭṭhaṅgupetassa uposathassa,  
they’re not worth a sixteenth part  
Aṭṭhaṅgupetaṁ upavassuposathaṁ;  
who has observed the eight-factored sabbath,  
titthiyamūluposathoti. 

Uposathasutta   Sabbath  
Uposathasutta → bhikkhusaṅghathomanasuttaṁ (bj)  
Tena kho pana samayena bhagavā tadahuposathe bhikkhusaṅghaparivuto nisinno hoti.  
Now, at that time it was the sabbath, and the Buddha was sitting surrounded by the Saṅgha of monks.  
Upako sacchikiriyā ca uposathoti. 

“Tenahāvuso, tadahuposathe āgaccheyyātha,   “Well then, reverends, come on the next sabbath day.  
Atha kho campeyyakā upāsakā tadahuposathe yenāyasmā sāriputto tenupasaṅkamiṁsu; upasaṅkamitvā āyasmantaṁ sāriputtaṁ abhivādetvā ekamantaṁ aṭṭhaṁsu.  
Then on the next sabbath the lay followers of Campā went to Venerable Sāriputta, bowed, and stood to one side.  

Tatrime bhattantarāyā kapimiddhopi bhattaṁ na bhuñjati, dukkhitopi bhattaṁ na bhuñjati, byādhitopi bhattaṁ na bhuñjati, uposathikopi bhattaṁ na bhuñjati, alābhakenapi bhattaṁ na bhuñjati.   Things that prevent you from eating include anger, pain, sickness, sabbath, or being unable to get food.  

Uposathasutta   Sabbath  
Tena kho pana samayena bhagavā tadahuposathe bhikkhusaṅghaparivuto nisinno hoti.  
Now, at that time it was the sabbath, and the Buddha was sitting surrounded by the Saṅgha of monks.  
“tumheva dāni, bhikkhave, uposathaṁ kareyyātha, pātimokkhaṁ uddiseyyātha.  
“Now, monks, you should perform the sabbath and recite the monastic code.  
Na dānāhaṁ, bhikkhave, ajjatagge uposathaṁ karissāmi, pātimokkhaṁ uddisissāmi.  
From this day forth, I will not perform the sabbath or recite the monastic code.  
pahārādo uposathoti. 

5. Uposathavagga   5. Sabbath  
Saṅkhittūposathasutta  
The Sabbath With Eight Factors, In Brief  
Saṅkhittūposathasutta → saṅkhittaaṭṭhaṅguposathasuttaṁ (bj)  
“Aṭṭhaṅgasamannāgato, bhikkhave, uposatho upavuttho mahapphalo hoti mahānisaṁso mahājutiko mahāvipphāro.  
“Mendicants, the observance of the sabbath with its eight factors is very fruitful and beneficial and splendid and bountiful.  
Kathaṁ upavuttho ca, bhikkhave, aṭṭhaṅgasamannāgato uposatho mahapphalo hoti mahānisaṁso mahājutiko mahāvipphāro?  
And how should it be observed?  
Imināpaṅgena arahataṁ anukaromi, uposatho ca me upavuttho bhavissatī’ti.  
I will observe the sabbath by doing as the perfected ones do in this respect.’  
Imināpaṅgena arahataṁ anukaromi, uposatho ca me upavuttho bhavissatī’ti.  
I will observe the sabbath by doing as the perfected ones do in this respect.’  
Imināpaṅgena arahataṁ anukaromi, uposatho ca me upavuttho bhavissatī’ti.  
I will observe the sabbath by doing as the perfected ones do in this respect.’  
Imināpaṅgena arahataṁ anukaromi, uposatho ca me upavuttho bhavissatī’ti.  
I will observe the sabbath by doing as the perfected ones do in this respect.’  
Imināpaṅgena arahataṁ anukaromi, uposatho ca me upavuttho bhavissatī’ti.  
I will observe the sabbath by doing as the perfected ones do in this respect.’  
Imināpaṅgena arahataṁ anukaromi, uposatho ca me upavuttho bhavissatī’ti.  
I will observe the sabbath by doing as the perfected ones do in this respect.’  
Imināpaṅgena arahataṁ anukaromi, uposatho ca me upavuttho bhavissatī’ti.  
I will observe the sabbath by doing as the perfected ones do in this respect.’  
Imināpaṅgena arahataṁ anukaromi, uposatho ca me upavuttho bhavissatī’ti.  
I will observe the sabbath by doing as the perfected ones do in this respect.’  
Evaṁ upavuttho kho, bhikkhave, aṭṭhaṅgasamannāgato uposatho mahapphalo hoti mahānisaṁso mahājutiko mahāvipphāro”ti.  
The observance of the sabbath with its eight factors in this way is very fruitful and beneficial and splendid and bountiful.” 

5. Uposathavagga   5. Sabbath  
Vitthatūposathasutta  
The Sabbath With Eight Factors, In Detail  
Vitthatūposathasutta → vitthataaṭṭhaṅguposathasuttaṁ (bj)  
“Aṭṭhaṅgasamannāgato, bhikkhave, uposatho upavuttho mahapphalo hoti mahānisaṁso mahājutiko mahāvipphāro.  
“Mendicants, the observance of the sabbath with its eight factors is very fruitful and beneficial and splendid and bountiful.  
Kathaṁ upavuttho ca, bhikkhave, aṭṭhaṅgasamannāgato uposatho mahapphalo hoti mahānisaṁso mahājutiko mahāvipphāro?  
And how should it be observed?  
Imināpaṅgena arahataṁ anukaromi, uposatho ca me upavuttho bhavissatī’ti.  
I will observe the sabbath by doing as the perfected ones do in this respect.’  
Imināpaṅgena arahataṁ anukaromi, uposatho ca me upavuttho bhavissatī’ti.  
I will observe the sabbath by doing as the perfected ones do in this respect.’  
Evaṁ upavuttho kho, bhikkhave, aṭṭhaṅgasamannāgato uposatho mahapphalo hoti mahānisaṁso mahājutiko mahāvipphāro.  
The observance of the sabbath with its eight factors in this way is very fruitful and beneficial and splendid and bountiful.  
aṅgānaṁ magadhānaṁ kāsīnaṁ kosalānaṁ vajjīnaṁ mallānaṁ cetīnaṁ vaṅgānaṁ kurūnaṁ pañcālānaṁ macchānaṁ sūrasenānaṁ assakānaṁ avantīnaṁ gandhārānaṁ kambojānaṁ, aṭṭhaṅgasamannāgatassa uposathassa etaṁ kalaṁ nāgghati soḷasiṁ.  
This wouldn’t be worth a sixteenth part of the sabbath with its eight factors.  
Ṭhānaṁ kho panetaṁ, bhikkhave, vijjati yaṁ idhekacco itthī vā puriso vā aṭṭhaṅgasamannāgataṁ uposathaṁ upavasitvā kāyassa bhedā paraṁ maraṇā cātumahārājikānaṁ devānaṁ sahabyataṁ upapajjeyya.  
It’s possible that a woman or man who has observed the eight-factored sabbath will—when their body breaks up, after death—be reborn in the company of the Gods of the Four Great Kings.  
Ṭhānaṁ kho panetaṁ, bhikkhave, vijjati yaṁ idhekacco itthī vā puriso vā aṭṭhaṅgasamannāgataṁ uposathaṁ upavasitvā kāyassa bhedā paraṁ maraṇā tāvatiṁsānaṁ devānaṁ sahabyataṁ upapajjeyya.  
It’s possible that a woman or man who has observed the eight-factored sabbath will—when their body breaks up, after death—be reborn in the company of the Gods of the Thirty-Three.  
Ṭhānaṁ kho panetaṁ, bhikkhave, vijjati yaṁ idhekacco itthī vā puriso vā aṭṭhaṅgasamannāgataṁ uposathaṁ upavasitvā kāyassa bhedā paraṁ maraṇā yāmānaṁ devānaṁ sahabyataṁ upapajjeyya.  
It’s possible that a woman or man who has observed the eight-factored sabbath will—when their body breaks up, after death—be reborn in the company of the Gods of Yama.  
Ṭhānaṁ kho panetaṁ, bhikkhave, vijjati yaṁ idhekacco itthī vā puriso vā aṭṭhaṅgasamannāgataṁ uposathaṁ upavasitvā kāyassa bhedā paraṁ maraṇā tusitānaṁ devānaṁ sahabyataṁ upapajjeyya.  
It’s possible that a woman or man who has observed the eight-factored sabbath will—when their body breaks up, after death—be reborn in the company of the Joyful Gods.  
Ṭhānaṁ kho panetaṁ, bhikkhave, vijjati yaṁ idhekacco itthī vā puriso vā aṭṭhaṅgasamannāgataṁ uposathaṁ upavasitvā kāyassa bhedā paraṁ maraṇā nimmānaratīnaṁ devānaṁ sahabyataṁ upapajjeyya.  
It’s possible that a woman or man who has observed the eight-factored sabbath will—when their body breaks up, after death—be reborn in the company of the Gods Who Love to Create.  
Ṭhānaṁ kho panetaṁ, bhikkhave, vijjati yaṁ idhekacco itthī vā puriso vā aṭṭhaṅgasamannāgataṁ uposathaṁ upavasitvā kāyassa bhedā paraṁ maraṇā paranimmitavasavattīnaṁ devānaṁ sahabyataṁ upapajjeyya.  
It’s possible that a woman or man who has observed the eight-factored sabbath will—when their body breaks up, after death—be reborn in the company of the Gods Who Control the Creations of Others.  
Etañhi aṭṭhaṅgikamāhuposathaṁ,  
This is the eight-factored sabbath, they say,  
Aṭṭhaṅgupetassa uposathassa,  
they’re not worth a sixteenth part  
Aṭṭhaṅgupetaṁ upavassuposathaṁ;  
who has observed the eight-factored sabbath,  

5. Uposathavagga   5. Sabbath  
Visākhāsutta  
With Visākhā on the Sabbath  
Visākhāsutta → visākhuposathasuttaṁ (bj) 
“aṭṭhaṅgasamannāgato kho, visākhe, uposatho upavuttho mahapphalo hoti mahānisaṁso mahājutiko mahāvipphāro.  
“Visākhā, the observance of the sabbath with its eight factors is very fruitful and beneficial and splendid and bountiful.  
Kathaṁ upavuttho ca, visākhe, aṭṭhaṅgasamannāgato uposatho mahapphalo hoti mahānisaṁso mahājutiko mahāvipphāro?  
And how should it be observed?  
Imināpaṅgena arahataṁ anukaromi, uposatho ca me upavuttho bhavissatī’ti.  
I will observe the sabbath by doing as the perfected ones do in this respect.’  
Imināpaṅgena arahataṁ anukaromi, uposatho ca me upavuttho bhavissatī’ti.  
I will observe the sabbath by doing as the perfected ones do in this respect.’  
Evaṁ upavuttho kho, visākhe, aṭṭhaṅgasamannāgato uposatho mahapphalo hoti mahānisaṁso mahājutiko mahāvipphāro.  
The observance of the sabbath with its eight factors in this way is very fruitful and beneficial and splendid and bountiful.  
aṅgānaṁ magadhānaṁ kāsīnaṁ kosalānaṁ vajjīnaṁ mallānaṁ cetīnaṁ vaṅgānaṁ kurūnaṁ pañcālānaṁ macchānaṁ sūrasenānaṁ assakānaṁ avantīnaṁ gandhārānaṁ kambojānaṁ, aṭṭhaṅgasamannāgatassa uposathassa etaṁ kalaṁ nāgghati soḷasiṁ.  
This wouldn’t be worth a sixteenth part of the sabbath with its eight factors.  
Ṭhānaṁ kho panetaṁ, visākhe, vijjati yaṁ idhekacco itthī vā puriso vā aṭṭhaṅgasamannāgataṁ uposathaṁ upavasitvā kāyassa bhedā paraṁ maraṇā cātumahārājikānaṁ devānaṁ sahabyataṁ upapajjeyya.  
It’s possible that a woman or man who has observed the eight-factored sabbath will—when their body breaks up, after death—be reborn in the company of the Gods of the Four Great Kings.  
Ṭhānaṁ kho panetaṁ, visākhe, vijjati yaṁ idhekacco itthī vā puriso vā aṭṭhaṅgasamannāgataṁ uposathaṁ upavasitvā kāyassa bhedā paraṁ maraṇā tāvatiṁsānaṁ devānaṁ sahabyataṁ upapajjeyya.  
It’s possible that a woman or man who has observed the eight-factored sabbath will—when their body breaks up, after death—be reborn in the company of the Gods of the Thirty-Three.  
Ṭhānaṁ kho panetaṁ, visākhe, vijjati yaṁ idhekacco itthī vā puriso vā aṭṭhaṅgasamannāgataṁ uposathaṁ upavasitvā kāyassa bhedā paraṁ maraṇā paranimmitavasavattīnaṁ devānaṁ sahabyataṁ upapajjeyya.  
It’s possible that a woman or man who has observed the eight-factored sabbath will—when their body breaks up, after death—be reborn in the company of the Gods Who Control the Creations of Others.  
Etañhi aṭṭhaṅgikamāhuposathaṁ,  
This is the eight-factored sabbath, they say,  
Aṭṭhaṅgupetassa uposathassa,  
they’re not worth a sixteenth part  
Aṭṭhaṅgupetaṁ upavassuposathaṁ;  
who has observed the eight-factored sabbath,  

5. Uposathavagga   5. Sabbath  
Vāseṭṭhasutta  
With Vāseṭṭha on the Sabbath  
Vāseṭṭhasutta → vāseṭṭhuposathasuttaṁ (bj)  
“aṭṭhaṅgasamannāgato, vāseṭṭha, uposatho upavuttho mahapphalo hoti …pe…  
“Vāseṭṭha, the observance of the sabbath with its eight factors is very fruitful and beneficial and splendid and bountiful …  
“piyā me, bhante, ñātisālohitā aṭṭhaṅgasamannāgataṁ uposathaṁ upavaseyyuṁ, piyānampi me assa ñātisālohitānaṁ dīgharattaṁ hitāya sukhāya.  
“If my loved ones—relatives and kin—were to observe this sabbath with its eight factors, it would be for their lasting welfare and happiness.  
Sabbe cepi, bhante, khattiyā aṭṭhaṅgasamannāgataṁ uposathaṁ upavaseyyuṁ, sabbesampissa khattiyānaṁ dīgharattaṁ hitāya sukhāya. Sabbe cepi, bhante, brāhmaṇā …pe… vessā … suddā aṭṭhaṅgasamannāgataṁ uposathaṁ upavaseyyuṁ, sabbesampissa suddānaṁ dīgharattaṁ hitāya sukhāyā”ti.  
If all the aristocrats, brahmins, peasants, and menials were to observe this sabbath with its eight factors, it would be for their lasting welfare and happiness.”  
Sabbe cepi, vāseṭṭha, khattiyā aṭṭhaṅgasamannāgataṁ uposathaṁ upavaseyyuṁ, sabbesampissa khattiyānaṁ dīgharattaṁ hitāya sukhāya. Sabbe cepi, vāseṭṭha, brāhmaṇā …pe… vessā … suddā aṭṭhaṅgasamannāgataṁ uposathaṁ upavaseyyuṁ, sabbesampissa suddānaṁ dīgharattaṁ hitāya sukhāya.  
If all the aristocrats, brahmins, peasants, and menials were to observe this sabbath with its eight factors, it would be for their lasting welfare and happiness.  
Sadevako cepi, vāseṭṭha, loko samārako sabrahmako sassamaṇabrāhmaṇī pajā sadevamanussā aṭṭhaṅgasamannāgataṁ uposathaṁ upavaseyyuṁ, sadevakassapissa lokassa samārakassa sabrahmakassa sassamaṇabrāhmaṇiyā pajāya sadevamanussāya dīgharattaṁ hitāya sukhāya.  
If the whole world—with its gods, Māras and Brahmās, this population with its ascetics and brahmins, gods and humans—were to observe this sabbath with its eight factors, it would be for their lasting welfare and happiness.  
Ime cepi, vāseṭṭha, mahāsālā aṭṭhaṅgasamannāgataṁ uposathaṁ upavaseyyuṁ, imesampissa mahāsālānaṁ dīgharattaṁ hitāya sukhāya (…).  
If these great sal trees were to observe this sabbath with its eight factors, it would be for their lasting welfare and happiness—if they were sentient.  

5. Uposathavagga   5. Sabbath  
Bojjhasutta  
With Bojjhā on the Sabbath  
Bojjhasutta → bojjhaṅguposathasuttaṁ (bj) 
“Aṭṭhaṅgasamannāgato, bojjhe, uposatho upavuttho mahapphalo hoti mahānisaṁso mahājutiko mahāvipphāro.  
“Bojjhā, the observance of the sabbath with its eight factors is very fruitful and beneficial and splendid and bountiful.  
Kathaṁ upavuttho ca, bojjhe, aṭṭhaṅgasamannāgato uposatho mahapphalo hoti mahānisaṁso mahājutiko mahāvipphāro?  
And how should it be observed?  
Imināpaṅgena arahataṁ anukaromi, uposatho ca me upavuttho bhavissatī’ti.  
I will observe the sabbath by doing as the perfected ones do in this respect.’  
Imināpaṅgena arahataṁ anukaromi, uposatho ca me upavuttho bhavissatī’ti.  
I will observe the sabbath by doing as the perfected ones do in this respect.’  
Evaṁ upavuttho kho, bojjhe, aṭṭhaṅgasamannāgato uposatho mahapphalo hoti mahānisaṁso mahājutiko mahāvipphāro.  
The observance of the sabbath with its eight factors in this way is very fruitful and beneficial and splendid and bountiful.  
aṅgānaṁ magadhānaṁ kāsīnaṁ kosalānaṁ vajjīnaṁ mallānaṁ cetīnaṁ vaṅgānaṁ kurūnaṁ pañcālānaṁ macchānaṁ sūrasenānaṁ assakānaṁ avantīnaṁ gandhārānaṁ kambojānaṁ, aṭṭhaṅgasamannāgatassa uposathassa etaṁ kalaṁ nāgghati soḷasiṁ.  
This wouldn’t be worth a sixteenth part of the sabbath with its eight factors.  
Ṭhānaṁ kho panetaṁ, bojjhe, vijjati yaṁ idhekacco itthī vā puriso vā aṭṭhaṅgasamannāgataṁ uposathaṁ upavasitvā kāyassa bhedā paraṁ maraṇā cātumahārājikānaṁ devānaṁ sahabyataṁ upapajjeyya.  
It’s possible that a woman or man who has observed the eight-factored sabbath will—when their body breaks up, after death—be reborn in the company of the Gods of the Four Great Kings.  
Ṭhānaṁ kho panetaṁ, bojjhe, vijjati yaṁ idhekacco itthī vā puriso vā aṭṭhaṅgasamannāgataṁ uposathaṁ upavasitvā kāyassa bhedā paraṁ maraṇā paranimmitavasavattīnaṁ devānaṁ sahabyataṁ upapajjeyya.  
It’s possible that a woman or man who has observed the eight-factored sabbath will—when their body breaks up, after death—be reborn in the company of the Gods Who Control the Creations of Others.  
Etañhi aṭṭhaṅgikamāhuposathaṁ,  
This is the eight-factored sabbath, they say,  
Aṭṭhaṅgupetassa uposathassa,  
they’re not worth a sixteenth part  
Aṭṭhaṅgupetaṁ upavassuposathaṁ;  
who has observed the eight-factored sabbath,  

5. Uposathavagga   5. Sabbath  

5. Uposathavagga   5. Sabbath  

5. Uposathavagga   5. Sabbath  

5. Uposathavagga   5. Sabbath  

5. Uposathavagga   5. Sabbath  
Uposathavaggo pañcamo.  
 

uposathapucchakañca, ovādūpasaṅkamanañca.   the date of the sabbath, and visiting for advice.  

Navaṅguposathasutta   The Sabbath with Nine Factors  
“Navahi, bhikkhave, aṅgehi samannāgato uposatho upavuttho mahapphalo hoti mahānisaṁso mahājutiko mahāvipphāro.  
“Mendicants, the observance of the sabbath with its nine factors is very fruitful and beneficial and splendid and bountiful.  
Kathaṁ upavuttho ca, bhikkhave, navahaṅgehi samannāgato uposatho mahapphalo hoti mahānisaṁso mahājutiko mahāvipphāro?  
And how should it be observed?  
Imināpaṅgena arahataṁ anukaromi; uposatho ca me upavuttho bhavissatī’ti.  
I will observe the sabbath by doing as the perfected ones do in this respect.’  
Imināpaṅgena arahataṁ anukaromi; uposatho ca me upavuttho bhavissatī’ti.  
I will observe the sabbath by doing as the perfected ones do in this respect.’  
Evaṁ upavuttho kho, bhikkhave, navahaṅgehi samannāgato uposatho mahapphalo hoti mahānisaṁso mahājutiko mahāvipphāro”ti.  
The observance of the sabbath with its nine factors in this way is very fruitful and beneficial and splendid and bountiful.” 

Atha kho sambahulā sakkā upāsakā tadahuposathe yena bhagavā tenupasaṅkamiṁsu; upasaṅkamitvā bhagavantaṁ abhivādetvā ekamantaṁ nisīdiṁsu. Ekamantaṁ nisinne kho sakke upāsake bhagavā etadavoca:   Then on the sabbath several Sakyan lay followers went up to the Buddha, bowed, and sat down to one side. The Buddha said to them:  
“api nu tumhe, sakkā, aṭṭhaṅgasamannāgataṁ uposathaṁ upavasathā”ti?  
“Sakyans, do you observe the sabbath with its eight factors?”  
“Appekadā mayaṁ, bhante, aṭṭhaṅgasamannāgataṁ uposathaṁ upavasāma, appekadā na upavasāmā”ti.  
“Sir, sometimes we do, sometimes we don’t.”  
“Tesaṁ vo, sakkā, alābhā tesaṁ dulladdhaṁ, ye tumhe evaṁ sokasabhaye jīvite maraṇasabhaye jīvite appekadā aṭṭhaṅgasamannāgataṁ uposathaṁ upavasatha, appekadā na upavasatha.  
“That’s your loss, Sakyans, it’s your misfortune. In this life with its fear of sorrow and death, you sometimes keep the sabbath and you sometimes don’t.  
Tesaṁ vo, sakkā, alābhā tesaṁ dulladdhaṁ, ye tumhe evaṁ sokasabhaye jīvite maraṇasabhaye jīvite appekadā aṭṭhaṅgasamannāgataṁ uposathaṁ upavasatha, appekadā na upavasathā”ti.  
It’s your loss, Sakyans, it’s your misfortune. In this life with its fear of sorrow and death, you sometimes keep the sabbath and you sometimes don’t.”  
“Ete mayaṁ, bhante, ajjatagge aṭṭhaṅgasamannāgataṁ uposathaṁ upavasissāmā”ti.  
“Well, sir, from this day forth we will observe the sabbath with its eight factors.” 

Tena kho pana samayena bhagavā tadahuposathe bhikkhusaṅghaparivuto nisinno hoti.   Now, at that time it was the sabbath, and the Buddha was sitting surrounded by a Saṅgha of monks.  

Tena kho pana samayena bhagavā tadahuposathe bhikkhusaṅghaparivuto nisinno hoti.   Now, at that time it was the sabbath, and the Buddha was sitting surrounded by a Saṅgha of monks.  

Tena kho pana samayena jāṇussoṇi brāhmaṇo tadahuposathe sīsaṁnhāto navaṁ khomayugaṁ nivattho allakusamuṭṭhiṁ ādāya bhagavato avidūre ekamantaṁ ṭhito hoti.   Now, at that time it was the sabbath. The brahmin Jānussoṇi had bathed his head and dressed in a new pair of linen robes. Holding a handful of fresh grass, he stood to one side not far from the Buddha.  
Addasā kho bhagavā jāṇussoṇiṁ brāhmaṇaṁ tadahuposathe sīsaṁnhātaṁ navaṁ khomayugaṁ nivatthaṁ allakusamuṭṭhiṁ ādāya ekamantaṁ ṭhitaṁ.  
The Buddha saw him,  
“kiṁ nu tvaṁ, brāhmaṇa, tadahuposathe sīsaṁnhāto navaṁ khomayugaṁ nivattho allakusamuṭṭhiṁ ādāya ekamantaṁ ṭhito?  
“Brahmin, why have you bathed your head and dressed in a new pair of linen robes? Why are you standing to one side holding a handful of fresh grass?  
“Idha, bho gotama, brāhmaṇā tadahuposathe sīsaṁnhātā navaṁ khomayugaṁ nivatthā allena gomayena pathaviṁ opuñjitvā haritehi kusehi pattharitvā antarā ca velaṁ antarā ca agyāgāraṁ seyyaṁ kappenti.  
“Well, Master Gotama, on the sabbath the brahmins bathe their heads and dress in a new pair of linen robes. They make a heap of fresh cow dung and spread it with green grass. Then they make their beds between the boundary and the fire chamber.  

Tena kho pana samayena jāṇussoṇi brāhmaṇo tadahuposathe sīsaṁnhāto navaṁ khomayugaṁ nivattho allakusamuṭṭhiṁ ādāya bhagavato avidūre ekamantaṁ ṭhito hoti.   Now, at that time it was the sabbath. The brahmin Jānussoṇi had bathed his head and dressed in a new pair of linen robes. Holding a handful of fresh grass, he stood to one side not far from the Buddha.  
Addasā kho bhagavā jāṇussoṇiṁ brāhmaṇaṁ tadahuposathe sīsaṁnhātaṁ navaṁ khomayugaṁ nivatthaṁ allakusamuṭṭhiṁ ādāya ekamantaṁ ṭhitaṁ.  
The Buddha saw him,  
“kiṁ nu tvaṁ, brāhmaṇa, tadahuposathe sīsaṁnhāto navaṁ khomayugaṁ nivattho allakusamuṭṭhiṁ ādāya ekamantaṁ ṭhito?  
“Brahmin, why have you bathed your head and dressed in a new pair of linen robes? Why are you standing to one side holding a handful of fresh grass?  
“Idha, bho gotama, brāhmaṇā tadahuposathe sīsaṁnhātā navaṁ khomayugaṁ nivatthā allena gomayena pathaviṁ opuñjitvā haritehi kusehi pattharitvā antarā ca velaṁ antarā ca agyāgāraṁ seyyaṁ kappenti.  
“Well, Master Gotama, on the sabbath the brahmins bathe their heads and dress in a new pair of linen robes. They make a heap of fresh cow dung and spread it with green grass. Then they make their beds between the boundary and the fire chamber.  

Tena kho pana samayena rājā māgadho ajātasattu vedehiputto tadahuposathe pannarase komudiyā cātumāsiniyā puṇṇāya puṇṇamāya rattiyā rājāmaccaparivuto uparipāsādavaragato nisinno hoti.   Now, at that time it was the sabbath—the Komudī full moon on the fifteenth day of the fourth month—and King Ajātasattu of Magadha, son of the princess of Videha, was sitting upstairs in the royal longhouse surrounded by his ministers.  
Atha kho rājā māgadho ajātasattu vedehiputto tadahuposathe udānaṁ udānesi:  
Then Ajātasattu of Magadha, son of the princess of Videha, expressed this heartfelt sentiment,  

Idhānanda, rañño mahāsudassanassa tadahuposathe pannarase sīsaṁnhātassa uposathikassa uparipāsādavaragatassa   On a fifteenth day sabbath, King Mahāsudassana had bathed his head and gone upstairs in the royal longhouse to observe the sabbath.  
‘sutaṁ kho pana metaṁ: “yassa rañño khattiyassa muddhāvasittassa tadahuposathe pannarase sīsaṁnhātassa uposathikassa uparipāsādavaragatassa dibbaṁ cakkaratanaṁ pātubhavati sahassāraṁ sanemikaṁ sanābhikaṁ sabbākāraparipūraṁ, so hoti rājā cakkavattī”ti.  
‘I have heard that when the heavenly wheel-treasure appears to a king in this way, he becomes a wheel-turning monarch.  
sabbaseto sattappatiṭṭho iddhimā vehāsaṅgamo uposatho nāma nāgarājā.  
It was an all-white sky-walker with psychic power, touching the ground in seven places, a king of elephants named Sabbath.  
caturāsīti nāgasahassāni ahesuṁ sovaṇṇālaṅkārāni sovaṇṇadhajāni hemajālapaṭicchannāni uposathanāgarājappamukhāni;  
He had 84,000 bull elephants with gold adornments and banners, covered with gold netting, with the royal bull elephant named Sabbath foremost.  
Imāni te, deva, caturāsīti nāgasahassāni sovaṇṇālaṅkārāni sovaṇṇadhajāni hemajālapaṭicchannāni uposathanāgarājappamukhāni.  
 
Imāni te, deva, caturāsīti nāgasahassāni sovaṇṇālaṅkārāni sovaṇṇadhajāni hemajālapaṭicchannāni uposathanāgarājappamukhāni.  
 
Imāni te, deva, caturāsīti nāgasahassāni sovaṇṇālaṅkārāni sovaṇṇadhajāni hemajālapaṭicchannāni uposathanāgarājappamukhāni.  
 
Mama tāni caturāsīti nagarasahassāni kusāvatīrājadhānippamukhāni, mama tāni caturāsīti pāsādasahassāni dhammapāsādappamukhāni, mama tāni caturāsīti kūṭāgārasahassāni mahāviyūhakūṭāgārappamukhāni, mama tāni caturāsīti pallaṅkasahassāni sovaṇṇamayāni rūpiyamayāni dantamayāni sāramayāni gonakatthatāni paṭikatthatāni paṭalikatthatāni kadalimigapavarapaccattharaṇāni sauttaracchadāni ubhatolohitakūpadhānāni, mama tāni caturāsīti nāgasahassāni sovaṇṇālaṅkārāni sovaṇṇadhajāni hemajālapaṭicchannāni uposathanāgarājappamukhāni, mama tāni caturāsīti assasahassāni sovaṇṇālaṅkārāni sovaṇṇadhajāni hemajālapaṭicchannāni valāhakaassarājappamukhāni, mama tāni caturāsīti rathasahassāni sīhacammaparivārāni byagghacammaparivārāni dīpicammaparivārāni paṇḍukambalaparivārāni sovaṇṇālaṅkārāni sovaṇṇadhajāni hemajālapaṭicchannāni vejayantarathappamukhāni, mama tāni caturāsīti maṇisahassāni maṇiratanappamukhāni, mama tāni caturāsīti itthisahassāni subhaddādevippamukhāni, mama tāni caturāsīti gahapatisahassāni gahapatiratanappamukhāni, mama tāni caturāsīti khattiyasahassāni anuyantāni pariṇāyakaratanappamukhāni, mama tāni caturāsīti dhenusahassāni duhasandanāni kaṁsūpadhāraṇāni, mama tāni caturāsīti vatthakoṭisahassāni khomasukhumānaṁ kappāsikasukhumānaṁ koseyyasukhumānaṁ kambalasukhumānaṁ, mama tāni caturāsīti thālipākasahassāni sāyaṁ pātaṁ bhattābhihāro abhihariyittha.  
Mine were the 84,000 cities, with the royal capital of Kusāvatī foremost. And mine were all the other possessions.  
Tesaṁ kho panānanda, caturāsīti nāgasahassānaṁ ekoyeva so nāgo hoti, yaṁ tena samayena abhiruhāmi yadidaṁ uposatho nāgarājā.  
Of those 84,000 bull elephants, I only rode one, the royal bull elephant named Sabbath.  

Purimāni, bhante, divasāni purimatarāni tadahuposathe pannarase vassūpanāyikāya puṇṇāya puṇṇamāya rattiyā kevalakappā ca devā tāvatiṁsā sudhammāyaṁ sabhāyaṁ sannisinnā honti sannipatitā.   Sir, it was more than a few days ago—on the fifteenth day sabbath on the full moon day at the entry to the rainy season—when all the gods of the Thirty-Three were sitting together in the Hall of Justice.  

“Purimāni, bhante, divasāni purimatarāni tadahuposathe pannarase pavāraṇāya puṇṇāya puṇṇamāya rattiyā kevalakappā ca devā tāvatiṁsā sudhammāyaṁ sabhāyaṁ sannisinnā honti sannipatitā;   “Sir, it was more than a few days ago—on the fifteenth day sabbath on the full moon day at the invitation to admonish held at the end of the rainy season—when all the gods of the Thirty-Three were sitting together in the Hall of Justice.  

Ṭhānaṁ kho panetaṁ vijjati, yaṁ te ariye cakkavattivatte vattamānassa tadahuposathe pannarase sīsaṁnhātassa uposathikassa uparipāsādavaragatassa dibbaṁ cakkaratanaṁ pātubhavissati sahassāraṁ sanemikaṁ sanābhikaṁ sabbākāraparipūran’ti.   If you do so, it’s possible that—on a fifteenth day sabbath, having bathed your head and gone upstairs in the royal longhouse to observe the sabbath—the heavenly wheel-treasure will appear to you, with a thousand spokes, with rim and hub, complete in every detail.’  
Tassa ariye cakkavattivatte vattamānassa tadahuposathe pannarase sīsaṁnhātassa uposathikassa uparipāsādavaragatassa  
While he was proceeding in that duty, on a fifteenth day sabbath, he had bathed his head and gone upstairs in the royal longhouse to observe the sabbath.  
‘sutaṁ kho pana metaṁ—yassa rañño khattiyassa muddhābhisittassa tadahuposathe pannarase sīsaṁnhātassa uposathikassa uparipāsādavaragatassa dibbaṁ cakkaratanaṁ pātubhavati sahassāraṁ sanemikaṁ sanābhikaṁ sabbākāraparipūraṁ, so hoti rājā cakkavattīti.  
‘I have heard that when the heavenly wheel-treasure appears to a king in this way, he becomes a wheel-turning monarch.  

Yampi, bhikkhave, tathāgato purimaṁ jātiṁ purimaṁ bhavaṁ purimaṁ niketaṁ pubbe manussabhūto samāno daḷhasamādāno ahosi kusalesu dhammesu, avatthitasamādāno kāyasucarite vacīsucarite manosucarite dānasaṁvibhāge sīlasamādāne uposathupavāse matteyyatāya petteyyatāya sāmaññatāya brahmaññatāya kule jeṭṭhāpacāyitāya aññataraññataresu ca adhikusalesu dhammesu.   In some past lives, past existences, past abodes the Realized One was reborn as a human being. He firmly and persistently undertook skillful behaviors such as good conduct by way of body, speech, and mind, giving and sharing, taking precepts, observing the sabbath, paying due respect to mother and father, ascetics and brahmins, honoring the elders in the family, and various other things pertaining to skillful behaviors.  
Soceyyasīlālayuposathesu ca;  
purity, precepts, and observing the sabbath;  
bahujanapubbaṅgamo ahosi kusalesu dhammesu bahujanapāmokkho kāyasucarite vacīsucarite manosucarite dānasaṁvibhāge sīlasamādāne uposathupavāse matteyyatāya petteyyatāya sāmaññatāya brahmaññatāya kule jeṭṭhāpacāyitāya aññataraññataresu ca adhikusalesu dhammesu.  
He was the leader and forerunner of people in skillful behaviors such as good conduct by way of body, speech, and mind, giving and sharing, taking precepts, observing the sabbath, paying due respect to mother and father, ascetics and brahmins, honoring the elders in the family, and various other things pertaining to skillful behaviors.  

Suddhassuposatho sadā;   the spring festival or the sabbath.  

yā vā rattiyā paccūsasamayaṁ viddhe vigatavalāhake deve osadhitārakā, yo vā tadahuposathe pannarase viddhe vigatavalāhake deve abhido aḍḍharattasamayaṁ cando—imesaṁ ubhinnaṁ vaṇṇānaṁ katamo vaṇṇo abhikkantataro ca paṇītataro cā”ti?   Which of these two has a finer splendor: the Morning Star in a clear and cloudless sky at the crack of dawn, or the full moon at midnight in a clear and cloudless sky on the fifteenth day sabbath?”  
“Yvāyaṁ, bhante, tadahuposathe pannarase viddhe vigatavalāhake deve abhido aḍḍharattasamayaṁ cando—ayaṁ imesaṁ ubhinnaṁ vaṇṇānaṁ abhikkantataro ca paṇītataro cā”ti.  
“The full moon at midnight in a clear and cloudless sky on the fifteenth day sabbath, sir.”  
yo vā tadahuposathe pannarase viddhe vigatavalāhake deve abhido aḍḍharattasamayaṁ cando, yo vā vassānaṁ pacchime māse saradasamaye viddhe vigatavalāhake deve abhido majjhanhikasamayaṁ sūriyo—imesaṁ ubhinnaṁ vaṇṇānaṁ katamo vaṇṇo abhikkantataro ca paṇītataro cā”ti?  
Which of these two has a finer splendor: the full moon at midnight in a clear and cloudless sky on the fifteenth day sabbath, or the sun at midday in a clear and cloudless sky in the last month of the rainy season?”  

yā vā rattiyā paccūsasamayaṁ viddhe vigatavalāhake deve osadhitārakā, yo vā tadahuposathe pannarase viddhe vigatavalāhake deve abhido aḍḍharattasamayaṁ cando, imesaṁ ubhinnaṁ vaṇṇānaṁ katamo vaṇṇo abhikkantataro ca paṇītataro cā”ti?   Which of these two has a finer splendor: the Morning Star in a clear and cloudless sky at the crack of dawn, or the full moon at midnight in a clear and cloudless sky on the fifteenth day sabbath?”  
“Yvāyaṁ, bho gotama, tadahuposathe pannarase viddhe vigatavalāhake deve abhido aḍḍharattasamayaṁ cando, ayaṁ imesaṁ ubhinnaṁ vaṇṇānaṁ abhikkantataro ca paṇītataro cā”ti.  
“The full moon at midnight in a clear and cloudless sky on the fifteenth day sabbath.”  
yo vā tadahuposathe pannarase viddhe vigatavalāhake deve abhido aḍḍharattasamayaṁ cando, yo vā vassānaṁ pacchime māse saradasamaye viddhe vigatavalāhake deve abhido majjhanhikasamayaṁ sūriyo, imesaṁ ubhinnaṁ vaṇṇānaṁ katamo vaṇṇo abhikkantataro ca paṇītataro cā”ti?  
Which of these two has a finer splendor: the full moon at midnight in a clear and cloudless sky on the fifteenth day sabbath, or the sun at midday in a clear and cloudless sky in the last month of the rainy season?”  

uposathañca upavasati cātuddasiṁ pañcadasiṁ aṭṭhamiñca pakkhassa.   And he observed the sabbath on the fourteenth, fifteenth, and eighth of the fortnight.  
uposathañca upavasati cātuddasiṁ pañcadasiṁ aṭṭhamiñca pakkhassa.  
And he observed the sabbath on the fourteenth, fifteenth, and eighth of the fortnight.  
uposathañca upavasati cātuddasiṁ pañcadasiṁ aṭṭhamiñca pakkhassā’ti.  
And he observes the sabbath on the fourteenth, fifteenth, and eighth of the fortnight.’  
Tena kho pana, ānanda, samayena nimi rājā tadahuposathe pannarase sīsaṁnhāto uposathiko uparipāsādavaragato nisinno hoti.  
Now at that time it was the fifteenth day sabbath, and King Nimi had bathed his head and was sitting upstairs in the royal longhouse to observe the sabbath.  
uposathañca upavasati cātuddasiṁ pañcadasiṁ aṭṭhamiñca pakkhassā”ti.  
 
uposathañca upavasati cātuddasiṁ pañcadasiṁ aṭṭhamiñca pakkhassā”ti.  
 
uposathañca upavasāmi cātuddasiṁ pañcadasiṁ aṭṭhamiñca pakkhassā’ti.  
And I shall observe the sabbath on the fourteenth, fifteenth, and eighth of the fortnight.’  
Tatra sudaṁ, ānanda, nimi rājā dhammaṁ carati brāhmaṇagahapatikesu negamesu ceva jānapadesu ca, uposathañca upavasati cātuddasiṁ pañcadasiṁ aṭṭhamiñca pakkhassāti.  
And there King Nimi justly treated his people, and observed the sabbath.  

Te mayaṁ tadahuposathe yāvatikā ekaṁ gāmakhettaṁ upanissāya viharāma te sabbe ekajjhaṁ sannipatāma;   On the day of the sabbath all of us who live in dependence on one village district gather together as one.  

Tena kho pana samayena bhagavā tadahuposathe pannarase puṇṇāya puṇṇamāya rattiyā bhikkhusaṅghaparivuto abbhokāse nisinno hoti.   Now, at that time it was the sabbath—the full moon on the fifteenth day—and the Buddha was sitting in the open surrounded by the Saṅgha of monks.  

Tena kho pana samayena bhagavā tadahuposathe pannarase puṇṇāya puṇṇamāya rattiyā bhikkhusaṅghaparivuto abbhokāse nisinno hoti.   Now, at that time it was the sabbath—the full moon on the fifteenth day—and the Buddha was sitting in the open surrounded by the Saṅgha of monks.  

Uposatho sundaro saccanāmo.   Uposatha, Sundara, and Saccanāma.  

Tena kho pana samayena bhagavā tadahuposathe pannarase pavāraṇāya puṇṇāya puṇṇamāya rattiyā bhikkhusaṅghaparivuto abbhokāse nisinno hoti.   Now, at that time it was the sabbath—the full moon on the fifteenth day—and the Buddha was sitting surrounded by a Saṅgha of monks for the invitation to admonish.  
Tena kho pana samayena bhagavā tadahuposathe pannarase komudiyā cātumāsiniyā puṇṇāya puṇṇamāya rattiyā bhikkhusaṅghaparivuto abbhokāse nisinno hoti.  
Now, at that time it was the sabbath—the Komudī full moon on the fifteenth day of the fourth month—and the Buddha was sitting in the open surrounded by a Saṅgha of monks.  

Idha, bhikkhave, rañño khattiyassa muddhāvasittassa tadahuposathe pannarase sīsaṁnhātassa uposathikassa uparipāsādavaragatassa dibbaṁ cakkaratanaṁ pātubhavati sahassāraṁ sanemikaṁ sanābhikaṁ sabbākāraparipūraṁ.   It’s when, on the fifteenth day sabbath, an anointed aristocratic king has bathed his head and gone upstairs in the royal longhouse to observe the sabbath. And the heavenly wheel-treasure appears to him, with a thousand spokes, with rim and hub, complete in every detail.  
‘sutaṁ kho pana metaṁ yassa rañño khattiyassa muddhāvasittassa tadahuposathe pannarase sīsaṁnhātassa uposathikassa uparipāsādavaragatassa dibbaṁ cakkaratanaṁ pātubhavati sahassāraṁ sanemikaṁ sanābhikaṁ sabbākāraparipūraṁ, so hoti rājā cakkavattīti.  
‘I have heard that when the heavenly wheel-treasure appears to a king in this way, he becomes a wheel-turning monarch.  
sabbaseto sattappatiṭṭho iddhimā vehāsaṅgamo uposatho nāma nāgarājā.  
It was an all-white sky-walker with psychic power, touching the ground in seven places, a king of elephants named Sabbath.  

“seyyathāpi, bhikkhave, tadahuposathe cātuddase na hoti bahuno janassa kaṅkhā vā vimati vā:   “Suppose, mendicants, it was the sabbath of the fourteenth day. You wouldn’t get lots of people  
“seyyathāpi, bhikkhave, tadahuposathe pannarase na hoti bahuno janassa kaṅkhā vā vimati vā:  
“Suppose, mendicants, it was the sabbath of the fifteenth day. You wouldn’t get lots of people  

Atha kho jantu devaputto tadahuposathe pannarase yena te bhikkhū tenupasaṅkami; upasaṅkamitvā te bhikkhū gāthāhi ajjhabhāsi:   Then on the fifteenth day sabbath the god Jantu went up to those mendicants and addressed them in verse:  

Tena kho pana samayena bhagavā tadahuposathe pannarase pavāraṇāya bhikkhusaṅghaparivuto abbhokāse nisinno hoti.   Now, at that time it was the sabbath—the full moon on the fifteenth day—and the Buddha was sitting in the open surrounded by the Saṅgha of monks for the invitation to admonish.  

Uposathaṁ upavasanti,   complete in all eight factors  
Uposathaṁ upavasanti,  
complete in all eight factors  

Tena kho pana samayena bhagavā tadahuposathe pannarase puṇṇāya puṇṇamāya rattiyā bhikkhusaṅghaparivuto ajjhokāse nisinno hoti.   Now, at that time it was the sabbath—the full moon on the fifteenth day—and the Buddha was sitting in the open surrounded by the Saṅgha of monks.  

Tassa mayhaṁ, bhikkhu, rañño sato khattiyassa muddhāvasittassa caturāsītināgasahassāni ahesuṁ sovaṇṇālaṅkārāni sovaṇṇaddhajāni hemajālapaṭicchannāni uposathanāgarājappamukhāni.   I had 84,000 bull elephants with gold adornments and banners, covered with gold netting, with the royal bull elephant named Sabbath the foremost.  
Tesaṁ kho pana, bhikkhu, caturāsītiyā nāgasahassānaṁ ekoyeva so nāgo hoti yamahaṁ tena samayena abhiruhāmi—uposatho nāgarājā.  
Of those 84,000 bull elephants, I only rode one, the royal bull elephant named Sabbath.  

Uposathasutta   Sabbath  
“ko nu kho, bhante, hetu, ko paccayo, yena m’idhekacce aṇḍajā nāgā uposathaṁ upavasanti vossaṭṭhakāyā ca bhavantī”ti?  
“Sir, what is the cause, what is the reason why some egg-born dragons keep the sabbath, having transformed their bodies?”  
Ayaṁ kho, bhikkhu, hetu, ayaṁ paccayo, yena m’idhekacce aṇḍajā nāgā uposathaṁ upavasanti vossaṭṭhakāyā ca bhavantī”ti.  
This is the cause, this is the reason why some egg-born dragons keep the sabbath, having transformed their bodies.” 

Dutiyauposathasutta   Sabbath (2nd)  
“ko nu kho, bhante, hetu, ko paccayo, yena m’idhekacce jalābujā nāgā uposathaṁ upavasanti vossaṭṭhakāyā ca bhavantī”ti?  
“Sir, what is the cause, what is the reason why some womb-born dragons keep the sabbath, having transformed their bodies?”  
“Ayaṁ kho, bhikkhu, hetu, ayaṁ paccayo, yena m’idhekacce jalābujā nāgā uposathaṁ upavasanti vossaṭṭhakāyā ca bhavantī”ti.  
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Tatiyauposathasutta   Sabbath (3rd)  
“ko nu kho, bhante, hetu, ko paccayo, yena m’idhekacce saṁsedajā nāgā uposathaṁ upavasanti vossaṭṭhakāyā ca bhavantī”ti?  
“Sir, what is the cause, what is the reason why some moisture-born dragons keep the sabbath, having transformed their bodies?”  
“Ayaṁ kho, bhikkhu, hetu, ayaṁ paccayo, yena m’idhekacce saṁsedajā nāgā uposathaṁ upavasanti vossaṭṭhakāyā ca bhavantī”ti.  
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Catutthauposathasutta   Sabbath (4th)  
“ko nu kho, bhante, hetu, ko paccayo, yena m’idhekacce opapātikā nāgā uposathaṁ upavasanti vossaṭṭhakāyā ca bhavantī”ti?  
“Sir, what is the cause, what is the reason why some spontaneously-born dragons keep the sabbath, having transformed their bodies?”  
Ayaṁ kho, bhikkhu, hetu, ayaṁ paccayo, yena m’idhekacce opapātikā nāgā uposathaṁ upavasanti vossaṭṭhakāyā ca bhavantī”ti.  
This is the cause, this is the reason why some spontaneously-born dragons keep the sabbath, having transformed their bodies.” 

caturo ca uposathā;